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principles of public finance & public revanue and taxation
- 1. Mohammad Yousaf • Athar Inam • Abdul Sammad • Mohammad Salman • Aqib Raza • Taifoor Nazar
- 2. • Principle of public finance • Public revenue and taxation .
- 3. Athar Inam
- 4. The role of state in economic affairs & Functions of a modern state
- 6. The role of state in economic affairs • Adam smith • Communists
- 7. Functions of a modern state • Provision of defense and security • Direct social activities • Economic function
- 8. Economic Function • Businesses of monopolistic nature • Where private capital is not attracted • Protection of economically weak persons • Exploitation by forming monopolistic combination • Protection of consumer • State and economic planning
- 9. Abdul Sammad
- 10. • Public finance • Public finance vs. private finance • Division of public finance
- 13. Public finance vs. private finance • Adjustment of income and expenditure • Unit of time • An individual cannot borrow from himself • Issue of currency • Provision for the future • Big changes in public finance • Surplus budgeting • Mystery shrouds individual finance
- 14. Division of public finance
- 15. Mohammad Salman
- 16. • Public expenditure • Causes of growth of public expenditure • Principles of public expenditure
- 18. Causes of growth of public expenditure • Increase in defense expenditure • Expansion of govt. functions • Backward area & Increase in population • Higher price level • Increase in public revenue • Duplication of expenses • Accelerating economic growth
- 19. Principles of public expenditure • The principle of maximum social advantage • The principle of economy • The principle of balanced budget • The principle of elasticity • No unhealthy effect on production and distribution
- 20. Aqib Raza
- 21. • Types of taxes • Principles of taxes
- 23. Types of taxes • Tax • Fee • Price • Special assessment
- 24. Principles of taxes • Equality or ability • Certainty • Convenience • Economy • Productivity • Elasticity • Simplicity • Diversity
- 25. Mohammad Yousaf
- 26. • Canons of taxation • Proportional vs. Progressive taxation system
- 27. Principles of taxation • Benefit principle • Cost of service principle • Ability to pay principle
- 30. Arguments in favour of P.T. • Equality of sacrifice • More revenue • Reduce the inequality of income • Less expenses on taxation • Help canon of elasticity • Decrease unemployment
- 31. Argument against P.T. • Discourage saving • Difficult to formulate • Public show false statement