The document discusses various pricing techniques used by companies to maximize profits. It describes different cost-based pricing methods like cost-plus pricing, full cost pricing, and marginal cost pricing. Other pricing strategies covered include demand-based pricing techniques like skimming pricing and penetration pricing. The document also discusses break-even analysis and how to determine pricing based on competition in the market. A variety of factors are highlighted that companies should consider when determining prices.
This chapter discusses developing and applying pricing strategies. It presents frameworks for setting objectives and policies. It analyzes different pricing approaches like cost-based, demand-based, and competition-based. It also covers implementing strategies, like bundling prices, and adjusting prices over time. The goal is to help firms set prices that maximize sales and profits based on costs, demand, and competitors.
It is best to price that new project on a Fixed Fee or a Time and Materials basis? Perhaps we should structure it on a Cost Plus basis, a Revenue Sharing model, or maybe Commission based? What are the advantages of each to an agency? From a client perspective, what are the pros and cons of each?
This article describes each methodology, focusing on the pros and cons from both the client and agency point of views.
This document discusses cost based pricing. Cost based pricing sets the price of a product based on the costs to produce it, including direct costs, indirect costs, and an additional amount for profit. The key advantages are that it is simple and flexible to adjust prices as costs change. However, it ignores factors like demand, competition, and brand positioning. There are different types of cost based pricing like cost plus pricing, full cost pricing, and target profit pricing.
The document discusses various pricing strategies used to determine the price of products and services. It explains penetration pricing, market skimming, value pricing, psychological pricing, price discrimination, tender pricing, destroyer pricing, full cost pricing, target pricing, marginal cost pricing, and cost plus pricing. Key factors considered in pricing include costs, demand, competition, market trends, and objectives. Pricing models aim to maximize profits, cover costs, attract customers, and eliminate competition.
The document discusses three transfer pricing case studies:
1) Glaxo-Smithkline between US and UK - GSK was charged with undervaluing R&D costs in the UK and overvaluing marketing costs in the US to avoid taxes.
2) Compaq Computer between US and Singapore - Compaq justified transfer prices using cost-plus pricing which the IRS eventually accepted.
3) Seagate Technology between US and Singapore - The IRS claimed royalty payments between subsidiaries were too low but Seagate was unable to fully convince them.
This chapter discusses strategies for setting prices, including selecting a pricing objective, determining demand and costs, analyzing competitors, and selecting a pricing method. It covers different types of costs like fixed and variable costs. The three C's model for price setting considers costs, competitors' prices, and customers' perceptions. Various pricing methods are outlined like markup pricing, target return pricing, and perceived value pricing. The chapter also discusses promotional pricing strategies and psychological factors that influence pricing.
This chapter discusses pricing strategies and the importance of understanding customer value perceptions when setting prices. It examines factors companies must consider, including costs, demand, competitors' prices, and overall marketing strategy. The chapter also explores different pricing approaches like value-based pricing, which uses customers' perceptions of value rather than production costs. Cost-based pricing sets prices by adding a markup to costs.
This chapter discusses developing and applying pricing strategies. It presents frameworks for setting objectives and policies. It analyzes different pricing approaches like cost-based, demand-based, and competition-based. It also covers implementing strategies, like bundling prices, and adjusting prices over time. The goal is to help firms set prices that maximize sales and profits based on costs, demand, and competitors.
It is best to price that new project on a Fixed Fee or a Time and Materials basis? Perhaps we should structure it on a Cost Plus basis, a Revenue Sharing model, or maybe Commission based? What are the advantages of each to an agency? From a client perspective, what are the pros and cons of each?
This article describes each methodology, focusing on the pros and cons from both the client and agency point of views.
This document discusses cost based pricing. Cost based pricing sets the price of a product based on the costs to produce it, including direct costs, indirect costs, and an additional amount for profit. The key advantages are that it is simple and flexible to adjust prices as costs change. However, it ignores factors like demand, competition, and brand positioning. There are different types of cost based pricing like cost plus pricing, full cost pricing, and target profit pricing.
The document discusses various pricing strategies used to determine the price of products and services. It explains penetration pricing, market skimming, value pricing, psychological pricing, price discrimination, tender pricing, destroyer pricing, full cost pricing, target pricing, marginal cost pricing, and cost plus pricing. Key factors considered in pricing include costs, demand, competition, market trends, and objectives. Pricing models aim to maximize profits, cover costs, attract customers, and eliminate competition.
The document discusses three transfer pricing case studies:
1) Glaxo-Smithkline between US and UK - GSK was charged with undervaluing R&D costs in the UK and overvaluing marketing costs in the US to avoid taxes.
2) Compaq Computer between US and Singapore - Compaq justified transfer prices using cost-plus pricing which the IRS eventually accepted.
3) Seagate Technology between US and Singapore - The IRS claimed royalty payments between subsidiaries were too low but Seagate was unable to fully convince them.
This chapter discusses strategies for setting prices, including selecting a pricing objective, determining demand and costs, analyzing competitors, and selecting a pricing method. It covers different types of costs like fixed and variable costs. The three C's model for price setting considers costs, competitors' prices, and customers' perceptions. Various pricing methods are outlined like markup pricing, target return pricing, and perceived value pricing. The chapter also discusses promotional pricing strategies and psychological factors that influence pricing.
This chapter discusses pricing strategies and the importance of understanding customer value perceptions when setting prices. It examines factors companies must consider, including costs, demand, competitors' prices, and overall marketing strategy. The chapter also explores different pricing approaches like value-based pricing, which uses customers' perceptions of value rather than production costs. Cost-based pricing sets prices by adding a markup to costs.
There are several pricing strategies that companies can employ depending on the quality of the product and desired price point. Premium pricing involves charging above normal market value to signal that a product is more valuable. High-value pricing sets an initially low price to gain market share before increasing the price. Superb value and good value strategies balance quality and price to provide customers with a fair deal. In contrast, overcharging, rip-off, and false economy strategies charge too much for the quality received and risk alienating customers. Economy strategies keep both product quality and price low to maximize sales.
11th Cairo Marketing Club (Pricing Strategies) by Dr.Ahmed Hany 31-3-2018Mahmoud Bahgat
11th Cairo Marketing Club (Pricing Strategies) by Dr.Ahmed Hany 31-3-2018
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This document discusses the importance of understanding costs and pricing strategies for businesses. It defines different types of costs like direct, indirect, fixed and variable costs. It also explains how to calculate the cost per unit of production and break-even point. The document then discusses various pricing strategies like premium pricing, penetration pricing, price skimming, economy pricing and psychological pricing. It emphasizes the importance of understanding customer needs, costs, competition and market factors in determining the right pricing strategy.
Marginal cost pricing sets prices based on the incremental cost of producing additional units, rather than average total costs like full cost pricing. It does not include fixed costs and is useful for short-term pricing when fixed costs remain constant. It allows easier control of variable costs and clearer analysis of profits and how activity changes affect them. However, it is only appropriate for the short-term and can lead to unstable prices under changing cost conditions. Both marginal cost pricing and full cost pricing should be considered when setting prices.
The document discusses various factors to consider when setting prices for nonprofit organizations. It defines price and outlines common pricing mistakes such as cost-based pricing. Internal factors include organizational objectives and ethical challenges related to the target audience. External factors can include competition, government regulations, and external conditions like weather. When setting prices for a summer day camp, the United Way could vary prices for different audiences - charging partners and sponsors a premium or moderate fee, offering volunteers incentives or moderate fees, and providing families in need either a very low fee or free admission.
This document discusses several legal and ethical issues related to pricing, including:
1) Unethical pricing strategies like price fixing and predatory pricing that aim to eliminate competition.
2) The concept of price discrimination, where different prices are charged to different customer groups.
3) Factors to consider when setting new product prices, such as costs, perceived value, and competitive positioning.
4) Tactics for fine-tuning prices, including discounts, geographic pricing, and bundling products.
The document discusses the difference between price and selling price, with price being the initial amount a company wants to charge and selling price being the actual amount charged to customers. It also covers factors that influence selling price such as ensuring enough profit for the business to stay viable, competitor pricing, customer willingness to pay, and costs of production. Government policies around regulations, tariffs, and taxes can also impact what companies charge. The selling price is set based on the company's objectives like gaining market share, entering new markets, or being in the "cash cow" phase of business growth.
This document discusses various pricing strategies and concepts that companies use to set prices, including penetration pricing, market skimming, value pricing, loss leader pricing, psychological pricing, price leadership, tender pricing, price discrimination, predatory pricing, absorption pricing, marginal cost pricing, contribution pricing, target pricing, and cost-plus pricing. It also covers the influence of price elasticity on pricing decisions.
Pricing Innovations: Value Based Pricingpricingpros
Value Based Pricing has four structures:
Product structure: How value is created and perceived
Offer structure: How value is offered and accessed
Pricing structure: How value is monetized and realized
Cost structure: How value provides competitiveness and profitability.
And a pricing plan has three components: pricing structure, pricing model, pricing window.
This document discusses different approaches to cost-based pricing. It defines cost-based pricing as using the cost of production as the basis for setting a product's price. The document outlines several types of cost-based pricing like cost-plus pricing, full cost pricing, and target profit pricing. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using a cost-based approach to pricing.
How should a company set prices initially for products or servicesSameer Mathur
The document outlines a six step procedure for setting prices: 1) select a pricing objective, 2) determine demand, 3) estimate costs, 4) analyze competitors, 5) select a pricing method, and 6) select the final price. Key considerations for each step include determining price sensitivity and elasticity of demand, estimating total, fixed, and variable costs, anticipating competitors' reactions, and selecting a pricing method like markup or value-based pricing that accounts for quality and perceived value. The final price is impacted by marketing activities and balances reasonable prices for users with profits for the company.
The document discusses various pricing objectives and strategies that businesses can employ. It explains that the primary goals are usually to earn a profit and obtain a high return on investment. However, other important objectives include gaining market share, meeting competitors' prices through price matching or wars, and differentiating products through non-price factors like quality, features, and promotion. The document provides examples of calculating profits, market share, and return on investment to illustrate key pricing concepts.
The document discusses several pricing strategies including penetration pricing, market skimming, value pricing, loss leader pricing, psychological pricing, going rate pricing, tender pricing, price discrimination, and destroyer pricing. Penetration pricing uses a low initial price to gain market share, while market skimming uses a high initial price for new products. Value pricing sets prices according to customer perceptions of worth.
The document discusses key concepts related to pricing, including defining price from the perspective of sellers and consumers. It explains approaches to selecting base price levels, such as demand-oriented, cost-oriented, profit-oriented, and competition-oriented. The document also covers calculating total revenue and costs, estimating demand curves, break-even analysis, pricing objectives and constraints that firms consider when determining prices.
This document discusses various pricing strategies and policies that companies use to price their products and services. It begins by defining pricing and explaining factors that affect pricing decisions like costs, competition, and company objectives. It then outlines several common pricing strategies such as penetration pricing, skimming pricing, competition pricing, bundle pricing, psychological pricing, and premium pricing. For each strategy, it provides a brief definition and example to illustrate how that strategy can be implemented. The document provides an in-depth overview of different approaches to setting prices.
How should a company set prices initially for products or servicesSameer Mathur
Developing pricing strategy and programs_chapter_13 of book "A south Asian perspective: Marketing Management" by Philip kotler, Kevin Lane keller, Abraham koshy, and Mithileshwar jha.
This Presentation Includes following Topics:
Factors Affecting Price Decisions, Cost Based Pricing, Value-Based and Competition-Based Pricing, Product Mix Pricing Strategies, Adjusting the Price of the Product, Initiating and Responding to the Price Changes,
Pricing strategies for profit maximization in huge businessesLaura Terry
Starbucks has been able to increase prices through effective pricing techniques while maintaining customer loyalty. They target young professionals and students who see Starbucks as an affordable luxury. While coffee costs have decreased, Starbucks raises prices claiming other cost increases. In reality, they leverage pricing power knowing customers will pay higher amounts. Starbucks uses value-based pricing, product differentiation of drink sizes, and messaging price hikes as insignificant to manipulate perceptions. Additionally, caffeine dependence has risen, benefiting Starbucks as coffee contains the most caffeine and Americans consume over 400 million cups daily.
Supported experiments dissemination conference held 27 March 2014 by ColegauCymru / CollegesWales with the support of the Welsh Government and the active participation of further education colleges across Wales.
This document summarizes a student group presentation comparing two Bak Kut Teh restaurants in Malaysia. The group analyzed Ah Cham Bak Kut Teh, a home-based restaurant in Klang, and Sun Fong Bak Kut Teh, a commercial restaurant with multiple branches in Kuala Lumpur and Indonesia. Through interviews with the owners, the group concluded Sun Fong was more commercially successful due to its larger market presence with multiple branches and strategic city center location. The document provides background histories of the businesses, descriptions of operations, and a comparative analysis of strategies and performance.
There are several pricing strategies that companies can employ depending on the quality of the product and desired price point. Premium pricing involves charging above normal market value to signal that a product is more valuable. High-value pricing sets an initially low price to gain market share before increasing the price. Superb value and good value strategies balance quality and price to provide customers with a fair deal. In contrast, overcharging, rip-off, and false economy strategies charge too much for the quality received and risk alienating customers. Economy strategies keep both product quality and price low to maximize sales.
11th Cairo Marketing Club (Pricing Strategies) by Dr.Ahmed Hany 31-3-2018Mahmoud Bahgat
11th Cairo Marketing Club (Pricing Strategies) by Dr.Ahmed Hany 31-3-2018
*#Mahmoud_Bahgat*
*#Marketing_Club*
للاشتراك في نادي التسويق بالشرق الاوسط
*If you are a Marketer now*
To Join our whatsapp &Monthly Meeting in Middle East Cities
Send me ur data on Whatsap
00966569654916
*Fill ur data here as speaker or member*
https://lnkd.in/efkTE7T
Join now
*Marketing Club Facebook Page*
https://lnkd.in/gm4c4hD
*Marketing Club Facebook Group*
https://lnkd.in/gX-5au5
*Egyptian Pharmacists Society Facebook Page*
https://lnkd.in/fucnv_5
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
*#Mahmoud_Bahgat*
00966568654916
لخدمات التسويق والدعاية والاعلان
*#Legendary_ADLAND*
Complete Marketing Solutions
*www.TheLegendary.info*
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
للحصول على اقامة او شركة في اوروبا
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*Contact Bahgat*
M.Bahgat@TheLegendary.Info
This document discusses the importance of understanding costs and pricing strategies for businesses. It defines different types of costs like direct, indirect, fixed and variable costs. It also explains how to calculate the cost per unit of production and break-even point. The document then discusses various pricing strategies like premium pricing, penetration pricing, price skimming, economy pricing and psychological pricing. It emphasizes the importance of understanding customer needs, costs, competition and market factors in determining the right pricing strategy.
Marginal cost pricing sets prices based on the incremental cost of producing additional units, rather than average total costs like full cost pricing. It does not include fixed costs and is useful for short-term pricing when fixed costs remain constant. It allows easier control of variable costs and clearer analysis of profits and how activity changes affect them. However, it is only appropriate for the short-term and can lead to unstable prices under changing cost conditions. Both marginal cost pricing and full cost pricing should be considered when setting prices.
The document discusses various factors to consider when setting prices for nonprofit organizations. It defines price and outlines common pricing mistakes such as cost-based pricing. Internal factors include organizational objectives and ethical challenges related to the target audience. External factors can include competition, government regulations, and external conditions like weather. When setting prices for a summer day camp, the United Way could vary prices for different audiences - charging partners and sponsors a premium or moderate fee, offering volunteers incentives or moderate fees, and providing families in need either a very low fee or free admission.
This document discusses several legal and ethical issues related to pricing, including:
1) Unethical pricing strategies like price fixing and predatory pricing that aim to eliminate competition.
2) The concept of price discrimination, where different prices are charged to different customer groups.
3) Factors to consider when setting new product prices, such as costs, perceived value, and competitive positioning.
4) Tactics for fine-tuning prices, including discounts, geographic pricing, and bundling products.
The document discusses the difference between price and selling price, with price being the initial amount a company wants to charge and selling price being the actual amount charged to customers. It also covers factors that influence selling price such as ensuring enough profit for the business to stay viable, competitor pricing, customer willingness to pay, and costs of production. Government policies around regulations, tariffs, and taxes can also impact what companies charge. The selling price is set based on the company's objectives like gaining market share, entering new markets, or being in the "cash cow" phase of business growth.
This document discusses various pricing strategies and concepts that companies use to set prices, including penetration pricing, market skimming, value pricing, loss leader pricing, psychological pricing, price leadership, tender pricing, price discrimination, predatory pricing, absorption pricing, marginal cost pricing, contribution pricing, target pricing, and cost-plus pricing. It also covers the influence of price elasticity on pricing decisions.
Pricing Innovations: Value Based Pricingpricingpros
Value Based Pricing has four structures:
Product structure: How value is created and perceived
Offer structure: How value is offered and accessed
Pricing structure: How value is monetized and realized
Cost structure: How value provides competitiveness and profitability.
And a pricing plan has three components: pricing structure, pricing model, pricing window.
This document discusses different approaches to cost-based pricing. It defines cost-based pricing as using the cost of production as the basis for setting a product's price. The document outlines several types of cost-based pricing like cost-plus pricing, full cost pricing, and target profit pricing. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using a cost-based approach to pricing.
How should a company set prices initially for products or servicesSameer Mathur
The document outlines a six step procedure for setting prices: 1) select a pricing objective, 2) determine demand, 3) estimate costs, 4) analyze competitors, 5) select a pricing method, and 6) select the final price. Key considerations for each step include determining price sensitivity and elasticity of demand, estimating total, fixed, and variable costs, anticipating competitors' reactions, and selecting a pricing method like markup or value-based pricing that accounts for quality and perceived value. The final price is impacted by marketing activities and balances reasonable prices for users with profits for the company.
The document discusses various pricing objectives and strategies that businesses can employ. It explains that the primary goals are usually to earn a profit and obtain a high return on investment. However, other important objectives include gaining market share, meeting competitors' prices through price matching or wars, and differentiating products through non-price factors like quality, features, and promotion. The document provides examples of calculating profits, market share, and return on investment to illustrate key pricing concepts.
The document discusses several pricing strategies including penetration pricing, market skimming, value pricing, loss leader pricing, psychological pricing, going rate pricing, tender pricing, price discrimination, and destroyer pricing. Penetration pricing uses a low initial price to gain market share, while market skimming uses a high initial price for new products. Value pricing sets prices according to customer perceptions of worth.
The document discusses key concepts related to pricing, including defining price from the perspective of sellers and consumers. It explains approaches to selecting base price levels, such as demand-oriented, cost-oriented, profit-oriented, and competition-oriented. The document also covers calculating total revenue and costs, estimating demand curves, break-even analysis, pricing objectives and constraints that firms consider when determining prices.
This document discusses various pricing strategies and policies that companies use to price their products and services. It begins by defining pricing and explaining factors that affect pricing decisions like costs, competition, and company objectives. It then outlines several common pricing strategies such as penetration pricing, skimming pricing, competition pricing, bundle pricing, psychological pricing, and premium pricing. For each strategy, it provides a brief definition and example to illustrate how that strategy can be implemented. The document provides an in-depth overview of different approaches to setting prices.
How should a company set prices initially for products or servicesSameer Mathur
Developing pricing strategy and programs_chapter_13 of book "A south Asian perspective: Marketing Management" by Philip kotler, Kevin Lane keller, Abraham koshy, and Mithileshwar jha.
This Presentation Includes following Topics:
Factors Affecting Price Decisions, Cost Based Pricing, Value-Based and Competition-Based Pricing, Product Mix Pricing Strategies, Adjusting the Price of the Product, Initiating and Responding to the Price Changes,
Pricing strategies for profit maximization in huge businessesLaura Terry
Starbucks has been able to increase prices through effective pricing techniques while maintaining customer loyalty. They target young professionals and students who see Starbucks as an affordable luxury. While coffee costs have decreased, Starbucks raises prices claiming other cost increases. In reality, they leverage pricing power knowing customers will pay higher amounts. Starbucks uses value-based pricing, product differentiation of drink sizes, and messaging price hikes as insignificant to manipulate perceptions. Additionally, caffeine dependence has risen, benefiting Starbucks as coffee contains the most caffeine and Americans consume over 400 million cups daily.
Supported experiments dissemination conference held 27 March 2014 by ColegauCymru / CollegesWales with the support of the Welsh Government and the active participation of further education colleges across Wales.
This document summarizes a student group presentation comparing two Bak Kut Teh restaurants in Malaysia. The group analyzed Ah Cham Bak Kut Teh, a home-based restaurant in Klang, and Sun Fong Bak Kut Teh, a commercial restaurant with multiple branches in Kuala Lumpur and Indonesia. Through interviews with the owners, the group concluded Sun Fong was more commercially successful due to its larger market presence with multiple branches and strategic city center location. The document provides background histories of the businesses, descriptions of operations, and a comparative analysis of strategies and performance.
CollegesWales placed 230 learners and apprentices on work placements in 10 European countries between 2011-2017 through its Erasmus+ program. The participants engaged in work placements across a variety of vocational areas to gain international work experience.
Normalising bilingualism in vocational education & training: Wales & the Basq...Sylvia Davies MCIPR
Report of 4-day visit by delegation from Wales' further education sector to the Basque Country in 2015 looking at normalising bilingualism in vocational education & training. The visit was funded by Erasmus+.
Adroddiad dirprwyaeth o sector addysg bellach Cymru i Wlad y Basg am 4 diwrnod yn 2015 yn edrych ar normaleiddio dwyieithrwydd mewn addysg a hyfforddiant alwedigaethol. Arianwyd yr ymweliad gan Erasmus+.
CollegesWales / ColegauCymru is the representative body for further education colleges in Wales. It coordinates a range of international activity including CPD opportunities for college managers; partnership opportunities; and work placements for college learners and apprentices.
Supported experiments dissemination conference 2014: Coleg Sir Gar presentationSylvia Davies MCIPR
Supported experiments dissemination conference held 27 March 2014 by ColegauCymru / CollegesWales with the support of the Welsh Government and the active participation of further education colleges across Wales.
CollegesWales' International Work 2011/17, covering CPD for further education college staff and student/apprentice work placements in Europe.
Gwaith rhyngwladol ColegauCymru 2011/17.
Supported experiments dissemination conference held 27 March 2014 by ColegauCymru / CollegesWales with the support of the Welsh Government and the active participation of further education colleges across Wales.
This document provides a comparative analysis of two chicken rice businesses located in different geographical areas - Leong Shifu BBQ Chicken Rice in Klang Valley, and Hong Kee Hong Kong Roasted Rice in Penang. It finds that Hong Kee is more commercially successful based on having higher daily sales and a signature dish of roasted duck that draws 50% of customers. Both businesses operate in an oligopoly market with many competitors. The document includes brief profiles of each business and their top 3 competitors, and analyzes similarities and differences in their competitive traits.
Mae ColegauCymru yn cynrychioli colegau addysg bellach Cymru. Mae'n ymwneud ag ystod o waith rhyngwladol gan gynnwys DPP ar gyfer rheolwyr colegau; datblygu partneriaethau; a threfnu lleoliadau gwaith ar gyfer myfyrwyr coleg a phrentisiaid yn Ewrop.
This document compares two bak kut teh restaurants: Ah Cham Bak Kut Teh in Klang and Sun Fong Bak Kut Teh in Kuala Lumpur. Ah Cham Bak Kut Teh was founded in 1995 and has one location while Sun Fong Bak Kut Teh was founded in 1971 and has expanded to four locations across Malaysia and Indonesia. While both restaurants serve the same dish, Sun Fong Bak Kut Teh has expanded its operations, menus, and advertising strategies more than Ah Cham Bak Kut Teh. The document analyzes the differences in the businesses and provides recommendations to help each improve.
Erasmus+ learner mobility and staff CPD through further education collaborationsSylvia Davies MCIPR
CollegesWales works with the further education sector to provide work placements to college students and apprentices in European countries as well as study visits for senior staff to learn from good practice thanks to Erasmus+ funding.
Supported experiments dissemination conference held 27 March 2014 by ColegauCymru / CollegesWales with the support of the Welsh Government and the active participation of further education colleges across Wales.
El documento describe una escuela secundaria que ha participado en un programa ecológico desde 2002. La escuela ha llevado a cabo varios proyectos artísticos que involucran el uso de objetos reciclados.
Supported experiments dissemination conference 2014: NPTC Group presentationSylvia Davies MCIPR
This PowerPoint presentation from an organization discusses their Quality Improvement Fund Project to test alternatives to traditional questioning techniques in the classroom. The results showed increased participation, enjoyment, confidence and performance among learners, as well as increased confidence among staff and a greater likelihood to try new teaching methods. The project produced a case study, classroom tips, and a questioning toolkit. The conclusion questions whether increased learner satisfaction could lead to increased retention rates.
Supported experiments dissemination conference held 27 March 2014 by ColegauCymru / CollegesWales with the support of the Welsh Government and the active participation of further education colleges across Wales.
The document provides an overview of a strategic management course. The objectives are to familiarize students with strategic management concepts and frameworks, and develop their ability to apply these concepts to understand business performance, generate strategy options, assess options under uncertainty, select and implement strategies. The course also aims to integrate previous learning and develop a general management perspective and judgment.
This complete presentation has a set of sixty six slides to show your mastery of the subject. Use this ready-made PowerPoint presentation to present before your internal teams or the audience. All presentation designs in this Expense Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides have been crafted by our team of expert PowerPoint designers using the best of PPT templates, images, data-driven graphs and vector icons. The content has been well-researched by our team of business researchers. The biggest advantage of downloading this deck is that it is fully editable in PowerPoint. You can change the colors, font and text without any hassle to suit your business needs. http://bit.ly/39vrTIB
The document provides an overview of an advanced strategic management course. The objectives are to understand strategic concepts and apply them to analyze enterprise performance, generate and evaluate strategic options, and implement strategies. The course also aims to integrate previous learning and develop general management skills. It then discusses the concept of strategy, defining it as determining long-term goals and adopting actions and allocating resources to achieve those goals. Different levels of strategy are described, from functional to business to corporate. Successful strategies are said to have effective implementation, understanding of the environment, objective resource appraisal, long-term objectives, and agreement. The document frames strategy as a quest for profit and discusses maximizing shareholder value over profit alone.
This document outlines a business case for Microsoft Dynamics CRM partners to develop industry-specific intellectual property on top of the CRM platform to generate higher profit margins. It finds that developing a specialized software add-on focused on a specific industry can yield profit margins above 75% with breakeven in 1.5 years. The methodology includes a survey of over 100 CRM partners that identified success factors for "top performers," such as focusing on one industry-specific solution and investing in related technologies like Azure. Distributing IP solutions through indirect channels like other partners can provide over 100% return on investment.
Income Statement Reporting Challenges with BI Tools: Helping IT and Finance t...Senturus
Use Cognos BI tools to maximize income statement reporting for finance and IT teams. View the webinar video recording and download this deck: http://www.senturus.com/resources/income-statement-reporting-challenges-bi-tools/,
Issues addressed include: 1) The need for both revenue and expenses to be displayed as positive numbers in the income statement; 2) The need to compare budget vs. actual with flexibility to choose which budget version to use and 3) The need to display positive variances as favorable in some cases, and as unfavorable in others.
We also share tips and techniques for configuring IBM Cognos Transformer models to enhance OLAP-based income statement reporting and ad hoc analysis.
Senturus, a business analytics consulting firm, has a resource library with hundreds of free recorded webinars, trainings, demos and unbiased product reviews. Take a look and share them with your colleagues and friends: http://www.senturus.com/resources/.
Total Cost Management PowerPoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
It has PPT slides covering wide range of topics showcasing all the core areas of your business needs. This complete deck focuses on Total Cost Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides and consists of professionally designed templates with suitable graphics and appropriate content. This deck has total of sixty seven slides. Our designers have created customizable templates for your convenience. You can make the required changes in the templates like colour, text and font size. Other than this, content can be added or deleted from the slide as per the requirement. Get access to this professionally designed complete deck PPT presentation by clicking the download button below. http://bit.ly/31TKF9W
This document discusses cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis and break-even points. It contains several examples and explanations of how to calculate break-even points using both the contribution margin approach and equation approach. It also discusses how to calculate break-even points for companies with multiple products using weighted average contribution margins. Additionally, it explains how to graph CVP relationships using cost-volume-profit and profit-volume graphs and how managers can use these graphs. Key assumptions of CVP analysis and how CVP relationships are reflected in traditional vs contribution format income statements are also summarized.
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The document discusses an ATM machine produced by Nautilus Hyosung. It costs $2400 CAD for the hardware only and $2700 CAD for a hardware and software package. The manufacturer uses in-house development and production to keep costs low. They aim to sell the ATMs for $3215 CAD each, applying a 20-22% markup over costs. Distribution is through direct selling, distributors, and value added resellers. Promotion focuses on trade shows, catalogs, and personal selling. The pricing strategy is market penetration through initially low prices to gain market share. Financial projections estimate growing revenues and profits over three years.
Ratios Analysis, Pro Forma Statements, Projected Cash flows of Proposed Project, Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Payback Period, Discounted Payback Period, Break Even Analysis, Scenario Analysis, As-if Analysis
AGENDA:
Introductions and Company Overviews
Stein Mart’s Business Objectives
Leveraging the IBM Cloud and QueBIT FrameWORQ to maximize time to value
Stein Mart’s Reporting Solution
Results Achieved
The document discusses operational auditing and concepts related to evaluating organizational effectiveness and efficiency. It defines operational auditing as evaluating the effectiveness and/or efficiency of operations, with effectiveness referring to accomplishing objectives and efficiency meaning reducing costs without reducing effectiveness. Economy is defined as maximizing the use of limited resources to achieve goals. Examples of types of inefficiency include acquiring goods and services too costly, lack of bids for purchases, raw materials not being available when needed, duplication of employee efforts, and work being done that serves no purpose.
Mark Leslie, founder and CEO of Veritas Software, discussed pricing strategies and building an effective revenue model. He emphasized that pricing depends on factors like bottoms-up costs, competition, proprietary advantages, and distribution channels. Building a revenue model requires considering product lifecycles, investment needs, and sales/marketing costs across channels like direct, reseller, and international sales. He provided a case study of his prior company Versant, which struggled to match its aggressive revenue projections, requiring layoffs and restructuring due to high operating expenses outpacing revenue growth.
Question 1 Select all the true statements about variance analysi.docxmakdul
This document provides instructions for an assignment involving querying an online vehicle sales database and creating dimensional tables for a data warehouse. The key tasks are:
1. Counting rows in each table and verifying minimum counts.
2. Writing a SQL query to find the zip code and make with the largest total car purchases.
3. Creating a PL/SQL block to display total sales for a given zip code.
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5. Verifying the existing financing plans dimension table.
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EGT267 Programming for Engineering Applications Spring 2020 .docxgidmanmary
EGT267 Programming for Engineering Applications Spring 2020
1
EGT 267 HW-1 (Due on February 20 in the class)
PROGRAMMIING ENGINEERING PROBLEMS
Problem 1: (Conversions) This problem involves converting a value in one unit to a value in
another unit. The program should prompt the user for a value in the specified units and then print
the converted value, along with the new units.
(1) Write a program to convert pounds to kilograms. (Recall that 1 kg = 2.205 lb). The pound
value you input/test is 159 lb.
Problem 2: (Areas and Volumes) This problem involves computing an area or a volume using
input from the user. The program should include a prompt to the user to enter the variables needed.
(1) Write a program to compute the area of a triangle with base b and height h. (Recall that
Aerea = ½* (b * h). ) The b and h values are 1.8 and 6.7 meters, respectively.
Problem 3: (Wind Tunnels) A wind tunnel is a test chamber built to generate different wind
speeds, or Mach numbers (which is the wind speed divided by the speed of sound). Accurate scale
models of aircraft can be mounted on force-measuring supports in the test chamber, and then
measurements of the forces on the model can be made at many different wind speeds and angles.
At the end of an extended wind tunnel test, many sets of data have been collected and can be used
to determine the coefficient of lift, drag, and other aerodynamic performance characteristics of the
new aircraft at its various operational speeds and positions. Data collected from a wind tunnel test
are listed in the following table:
EGT267 Programming for Engineering Applications Spring 2020
2
Assume that we would like to use linear interpolation to determine the coefficient of lift for
additional flight-path angles that are between -4 degrees and 21 degrees (Let’s estimate the
coefficient of lift @ 9 flight-path angle degrees). Write a program that allows the user to enter the
data for two points and a flight-path angle between those points. The program should then compute
the corresponding coefficient of lift.
Homework requirements:
please take two screenshots (one screen shot is for your code; the other is for the results), copy &
past them into your homework, and then submit a hard copy.
Sheet1MAC 7200, CASE STUDY WEEK 61) BREAK EVEN POINTA) IN UNITSSales Revenue16.00 Variable Materials3.00 Variable Labor1.00 Variable Overhead3.50 Variable Marketing Costs1.50Total Variable Costs:9.00CONTRIBUTION MARGIN PER UNIT7.0044%Fixed overhead4.00Fixed Marketing costs2.00Total Fixed Costs6.00BREAK EVEN POINT IN UNITS = FIXED COSTS / CONTRIBUTION MARGIN PER UNITEQUATION16N - 9N - 90,000 = 0Fixed Costs:90,000.007N = 90000CONTRIBUTION MARGIN PER UNIT7.00BREAK EVEN POINT IN UNITS12,857N=B) BREAK EVEN IN DOLLARSUNITS BREAKEVEN12,857SALES PRICES$ 16.00BREAK EVEN IN DOLLARS$ 205,712.00Combined2. SPECIAL ORDER ANALYSISremainder of ca ...
BackLive is developing an easy-to-use software platform for financial strategy testing and trading. It allows users to build and test strategies using 12 years of detailed data across all asset classes. The platform also enables execution of trades directly into brokerage accounts. BackLive aims to become the standard for financial strategy testing and execution. It has a two-part revenue model of subscriptions and display ads. Projections show strong growth, margins, and cash flow allowing for quick profitability. Potential buyers include online brokers and private equity seeking high growth. The co-founders have complementary skills in marketing, product development, and quantitative finance.
The document provides an overview of a marketing simulation game that allows participants to manage the marketing strategy for a voice recognition device company. It outlines the key elements to consider like product features, pricing, distribution channels, advertising, salesforce, and market research reports. The simulation requires integrating decisions across these elements to satisfy customer needs and earn profits while considering the competitive environment.
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2. What is Price
2
The amount of money charged for a product and
services is called Price
Skills Developers (0092-3247661111) info@skillsdevelopers.org www.skillsdevelopers.org
3. Objective of Pricing
3
Profit Maximization
High Market Share by attracting and retaining
customers
To attain Status Quo by Stable Price
Meeting Competition in Market
High Return on Investment
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4. Fact0rs you will consider before Pricing
4
How should I price my product?
Market Size.
Customer Price Sensitivity.
Estimated sales at different price levels.
How much market share will effect if change appear?
Product Costs.
Current and potential competitive reactions.
Nonprice factors, such as features and performance.
(Quality, uniqueness, availability, convenience,
service, and warranty)
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5. Marketing Management
5
Marketing management is about placing the right
product, at the right price, at the right place, at the
right time.
Skills Developers (0092-3247661111) info@skillsdevelopers.org www.skillsdevelopers.org
6. Price Determination Methods
6
Cost Base Pricing
Break Even Concept
Demand Base Pricing
Pricing as per Competition
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7. What is Cost
What you pay in monetary terms to get or
achieve a objective is called its Cost.
Material Cost.
Labour Cost.
FOH Cost.
Selling Cost
Administrative Cost.
Financial Cost.
7
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9. Variable Cost
9
A cost that increases in total proportionately with an
increase in activity and decreases proportionately with
the decrease in activity.
(Variable Cost remain fixed per unit)
For Example:-
Direct Material Cost.
Packing Cost.
Direct Labour Cost (Piece Rate).
Indirect Material Cost.
Normal Spoilage
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10. Fixed Cost
10
A Cost that does not change in total as business
activity increases or decreases.
(Fixed Cost remain fixed in Total)
For Example :-
Rent Cost
Fixed Wages
Depreciation
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11. Semi Variable Cost
11
A Cost that displays both fixed and variable
characteristics.
For Example :-
Electricity, Gas, Fuel, Oil etc.
Maintenance Cost
Travelling and Entertainment Cost.
Some Supplies.
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12. Cost based Pricing
12
Mark up Pricing (Cost Plus Pricing)
Price = Cost + Mark up
Preferable for Marketing and Trading Firms.
Slower turnaround, Larger Markup and vice-versa
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13. Cost Based Pricing
13
Full Cost Pricing (Absorption Cost Pricing)
Manufacturing Variable Cost Per Unit -----------
+ Selling Variable Cost Per Unit -----------
+ Administrative Variable Cost Per Unit -----------
+ Manufacturing Fixed Cost Per Unit -----------
+ Selling Fixed Cost Per Unit -----------
+ Administrative Fixed Cost Per Unit -----------
+ Profit Margin Per Unit -----------
= PRICE
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14. Cost Based Pricing
14
Full Cost Pricing (Absorption Cost Pricing)
Estimated Fixed Unit Cost of the Product will be
Based on Normal Level of Production and Sales
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15. Cost Based Pricing
15
Marginal Cost Pricing
All Variable Cost Per Unit ------------
+Some Portion of Fixed Cost Per Unit ------------
OR
+ Zero Portion of Fixed Cost Per Unit ------------
= PRICE
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16. Cost Based Pricing
16
Marginal Cost Pricing
Marginal cost pricing targets at maximizing the
contribution towards fixed costs.
It takes into account the cost and demand aspects.
Under competitive market conditions, marginal cost
pricing is more useful.
A firm has a number of products/product lines,
marginal cost pricing is useful.
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18. Break Even Point
18
A point of sales where company earns zero profit.
Sales - Variable Cost = CM – Fixed Cost = zero
100 - 65 = 35 – 35 = 0
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19. Break Even Sales (Amount)
19
Assume your Fixed Cost is Rs. 5,00,000
Your Variable Cost is 65% of your Sales.
Now your Contribution Margin is 35%
Break Even Sales = Fixed Cost / CM * 100
5,00,000 / 35 * 100 = 14,28,571
Break Even Sales = 14,28,571
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20. Break Even Sales (Units)
20
Assume your Fixed Cost is Rs. 5,00,000
Sale Price is Rs 100 per unit
Your Variable Cost is Rs 65 per unit
Now your Contribution Margin is 35 per unit
Break Even Sales = Fixed Cost / CM per unit * 100
5,00,000 / 35 = 14,286 units
Break Even Units = 14,286
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24. BREAK EVEN CALCULATION TABLE FOR PRICE AND DEMAND
ANALYSIS (PROFIT BALACNE)
Item
Sold
Price
Total
Sales
Variabl
e Cost
Per
Unit
Total
Variable
Cost
Contributio
n Margin
CM % Fixed Cost Total Cost Profit Profit %
Investmen
t
ROI
1,100 500 550,000 300 330,000 220,000 40.00 100,000 430,000 120,000 21.82 10,000,000 14.40
1,401 475 665,475 300 420,300 245,175 36.84 100,000 520,300 145,175 21.82 10,000,000 17.42
1,930 450 868,500 300 579,000 289,500 33.33 100,000 679,000 189,500 21.82 10,000,000 22.74
3,100 425 1,317,500 300 930,000 387,500 29.41 100,000 1,030,000 287,500 21.82 10,000,000 34.50
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25. BREAK EVEN CALCULATION TABLE FOR PRICE AND DEMAND
ANALYSIS (ROI BALACNE)
Item
Sold
Price Total Sales
Variable
Cost Per
Unit
Total
Variable
Cost
Contribution
Margin
CM % Fixed Cost Total Cost Profit Profit % Investment ROI
1,100 500 550,000 300 330,000 220,000 40.00 100,000 430,000 120,000 21.82 10,000,000 14.40
1,257 475 597,075 300 377,100 219,975 36.84 100,000 477,100 119,975 20.09 10,000,000 14.40
1,467 450 659,925 300 439,950 219,975 33.33 100,000 539,950 119,975 18.18 10,000,000 14.40
1,760 425 748,000 300 528,000 220,000 29.41 100,000 628,000 120,000 16.04 10,000,000 14.40
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26. Method of Distributing Fixed Cost Among Different Items
26
It can be distributed at the basis of Material cost.
It can be distributed at the basis of Labour hours.
It can be distributed at the basis of Labour Cost.
It can be distributed at the basis of ABC Techniques.
(Activity Based Costing)
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27. Demand Based Pricing
27
Skimming Pricing
This strategy refers to a firm’s desire to skim the market by
selling at a premium price.
This method literally skims the market in the first instance
through high price and then settles down for a lower price.
This means that at high price high profits in the introduction
stage of the product.
This method is especially useful in the pricing of new products
of luxury.
It also help in assessing the demand.
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28. Demand Based Pricing
28
Penetration Pricing
It is opposed to the skimming strategy.
Its objective is to attain market share in high
competitive market
If product in not luxury and can capture a large
volume of sale, the firm can choose this method.
This strategy often heralds price war in the
industry.
Skills Developers (0092-3247661111) info@skillsdevelopers.org www.skillsdevelopers.org
29. Demand Based Pricing
29
Charging What the Traffic Will Bear
As there are two principles in pricing.
Cost of service principle and Value of service
principle.
The second term is charging what the traffic can
bear. Professionals like doctors, lawyers, chartered
accountants etc., adopt this principle.
A monopolist can afford to adopt this principle to
maximize his profits.
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30. Pricing as per Competition
30
Discount Pricing
Trade Discount
It is kind of functional discount. It is given to the buyers buying for
resale or for sub dealers.
Cash Discount
It is a concession given to encourage to pay in full within a short period
of the date of the bill or invoice. Generally the period to avail the cash
discount is usually 10 days
Quantity Discount
To encourage bulk or large purchases at a time, quantity discount is
offered.
Seasonal Discount
During the slack season this discount is offered.
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31. Method of Adding Discount % in Price
31
If your sum of discounts is 15 %
Net Sale Price is 500
Than Gross Sale Price will be calculated as
500/(100-15)*100
Or 500/85*100 = 588.24
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32. Pricing as per Competition
32
Premium Pricing
If a firm has heterogeneity of demand for substitute
products with joint economies of scale. For example a
colour television set.
This Pricing is used to capture High Income group
customers.
Products will be displayed in Premium Stores.
Skills Developers (0092-3247661111) info@skillsdevelopers.org www.skillsdevelopers.org
33. Pricing as per Competition
33
Going Rate Pricing
It is commonly used in oligopolistic market.
This method assumes that there will be no price
war within the industry.
new firms may follow a wrong pricing strategy.
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35. Other Pricing Techniques
35
Psychological Pricing.
Product Line Pricing or Package Pricing.
Optional Product Pricing.
(Unique Product in a Range will be charged Extra)
Captive Product Pricing
(Where products have complements, one will be charged
high and other low)
Geographical Pricing.
Value Pricing.
( value meals at McDonalds and other fast-food
restaurants)
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36. Some Other Factors
36
Competitor Analysis
Update your Competitor Analysis Report at Weekly
Basis
Branding
Service techniques and consistency in policies will
high your image which ultimately pays you
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