New-Product Pricing Strategies
Product Mix Pricing Strategies
Price Adjustment Strategies
Price Changes
Market-skimming pricing is a strategy with high initial prices to “skim” revenue layers from the market
Product quality and image must support the price
Buyers must want the product at the price
Costs of producing the product in small volume should not cancel the advantage of higher prices
Competitors should not be able to enter the market easily
Market-penetration pricing sets a low initial price in order to penetrate the market quickly and deeply to attract a large number of buyers quickly to gain market share
Price-sensitive market
Inverse relationship of production and distribution cost to sales growth
Low prices must keep competition out of the market
New-Product Pricing Strategies
Product Mix Pricing Strategies
Price Adjustment Strategies
Price Changes
Market-skimming pricing is a strategy with high initial prices to “skim” revenue layers from the market
Product quality and image must support the price
Buyers must want the product at the price
Costs of producing the product in small volume should not cancel the advantage of higher prices
Competitors should not be able to enter the market easily
Market-penetration pricing sets a low initial price in order to penetrate the market quickly and deeply to attract a large number of buyers quickly to gain market share
Price-sensitive market
Inverse relationship of production and distribution cost to sales growth
Low prices must keep competition out of the market
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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2. Price Adaptation
Price adaptation is the ability of a business to change its pricing
models to suit different geographic areas, consumer demands and
prevailing incomes.
Marketing plays a significant role in price adaptation because
pricing strategy is one of the four main components in determining
product positioning.
Companies Usually do not set a single price but rather develop a
pricing structure.
4. Geographical Pricing
Adjusting an item Sales price based on the buyer’s Location.
Sometime the difference in sales price is based on the cost to ship the item to that
location or what the people are willing to pay.
Geographic pricing relates to how a business chooses to price its products within
different regions.
In selecting its product prices for different regions, a business also adapts its
marketing strategies to fit those pricing models.
For example, a company may increase its product prices in areas where median
income among consumers is high, and reduce its prices in areas where median
income is low.
5. Barter
Direct Exchange of goods
Geographical Pricing
Receives payment in cash but agrees to spend
some money in the product of the country
6. Geographical Pricing Strategy
In Geographical Pricing, a Seller must consider the costs of shipping
goods to the buyer.
These Cost grow in importance, as the freight becomes a larger part of
total variable costs.
Pricing policies may be established whereby the buyer pays all the freight
expenses, the seller beers the entire cost, or seller or buyer share this
expenses.
7. Geographical Pricing-Types
FOB-origin Pricing: Customer pays the freight from the factory to the
destination.
Uniform-delivered pricing: Company charges the same price plus freight
to all customers.
Zone pricing: Customers in different zone pay for different prices.
Company sets up two or more zones. The more distant Zone the higher the
price.
Basing-point pricing: Seller selects some city as a basing point & charges
all customers the freight cost from that city to the customer.
Freight-absorption pricing: Sellers absorbs all or part of the freight
charges in order to get the desired business.