This document provides an overview of preventive obstetrics presented by M. Sonia Palmei. It defines preventive obstetrics as preventing health deviations during pregnancy through screenings and examinations. It discusses primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention. It also outlines essential obstetric and newborn care, standards for emergency care, and programs run by the Indian government to support pregnant women, including the First Referral Unit system, Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram, Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram, and Reproductive and Child Health programmes.

1. TOPIC PRESENTATION
ON
PREVENTIVE OBSTRETICS
PRESENTED BY
M.SONIA PALMEI
M.SC.(N)1ST YEAR
TOPIC PRESENTATION
ON
PREVENTIVE OBSTETRICS
PRESENTED BY
M.SONIA PALMEI
M.SC.(N) 1ST YEAR

2. INTRODUCTION
Preventive obstetrics is the concept of
prevention/early detection of particular health
deviations through routine periodic
examinations and screenings. Its concerns is
with concepts of the health and well-being of
the mother and her baby during the antenatal,
intranatal and postnatal period. Nursing care
centered on health promotion and health
maintenance during pregnancy presents an
excellent opportunity for nurses to teach
expectant mothers about normal changes
expected and alert them to a variety of risk
factors.

3. DEFINITION
PREVENTIVE-
It is the term used to prevention/slowing the
course of an illness/disease.
OBSTETRIC-
It is the branch of medicine that deals with the
care of women during pregnancy, childbirth and
reproductive period following delivery.
PREVENTIVE OBSTETRIC-
Is the term for prevention of the complication that
may arise during antenatal, intranatal and
postnatal period.

4. LEVELS OF PREVENTION
PRIMARY PREVENTION
It is defined as “to deter/avoid the occurrence of
disease/injury”.
SECONDARY PREVENTION
Is defined as “to identify and treat a
disease/injury process as soon as possible
before any symptoms have developed”.
TERTIARY PREVENTION
Is defined “to reduces the negative impact of an
already established disease by restoring
function and reducing disease-related
complications”.

5. PREVENTIVE OBSTETRICS
EMERGENCY OBSTETRICAL CARE
(EMOC)
EMOC means which includes pre- and postnatal
care, clean and safe delivery, neonatal care
and family planning. There are 2 level of
EMOC:-
PRIMARY CARE LEVEL
Basic emergency obstetric and neonatal care are
offered at this level. It also refers to life saving
services for emergency maternal and neonatal
during pregnancy, labour, delivery and
postpartum.
SECONDARY CARE LEVEL
Comprehensive emergency obstetric and
neonatal care are offered at this level. It refers
to managing complications in pregnancy &
childbirth, assist vaginal delivery & C-section.

6. ESSENTIAL OBSTETRICAL
CARE
Essential obstetrical care is the
term used to describe the
elements of obstetric care
needed for the management of
normal and complicated
pregnancy, delivery and the
postpartum period

7. ESSENTIAL NEWBORN CARE
Proper cord clamping.
Immediate drying.
Skin-to-skin contact.
Early and exclusive breastfeeding.
Prevention of hypothermia.

8. SETTING STANDARDS FOR
EMERGENCY & NEWBORN
ANTENATAL CARE
It refers to the care that is given to an expected
mother from time of conception is confirmed
until the beginning of labour.
OBJECTIVES-
To promote, protect and maintain the health
of the mother during pregnancy.
To detect “high risk” cases and give them
special attention.
To foresee complications and prevent them.
To teach the mother elements of child care,
nutrition, personal hygiene and environmental
sanitation.

9. INTRANATAL CARE
Is defined as a process of delivery of a
single fetus through out the normal
birth canal and without complication.
OBJECTIVES-
Safety for mother & fetus by helping
the pregnant to have a normal
delivery.
Providing emergency services when
needed.
To prevent from any complication.
Care of the baby at delivery-
Resuscitation.
Care of the cord.
Care of the eyes.

10. POSTNATAL CARE
Care of mother and newborn from 1
hour after delivery up to 6 weeks
post delivery.
OBJECTIVES-
To provide care for the rapid
restoration of the mother to
optimum health.
To check adequacy of breast
feeding.
To provide family planning
services.
To provide basic health education
to mother/family.
To teach care of the baby and
strengthen the woman’s confidence
in herself.

11. PROGRAMS RUNED BY INDIAN
GOVT. FOR PREGNANT WOMEN
FIRST REFERRAL UNIT SYSTEM
(FRUS)
An existing facility(district hospital, sub-
divisional hospital, community health centre
etc.) can be declared a fully operational First
Referral Unit(FRU) only if it is equipped to
provide round-the-clock services for
Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care, in
addition to all emergencies that any hospital
is required to provide.
MINIMUM SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED
BY A FULLY FUNCTIONAL FRU-
24 hrs delivery services.
Emergency care of sick children & newborn
care.

12. MINIMUM SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED BY A
FULLY FUNCTIONAL FRU-
24 hrs delivery services.
Emergency care of sick children & newborn care.
Emergency obstetric care including surgical interventions like c-
sections and other medical interventions.
Safe abortion services.
Essential laboratory services.
Full range of family planning services including laparoscopic
services.

13. RASHTRIYA BAL SWASTHYA
KARYAKRAM
Launched in February 2013.
For child health screening and
early intervention services
through early detection and
management of 4Ds prevalent in
children.
4Ds:
Defects at birth.
Deficiency conditions.
Diseases in children.
Development delays including
disabilities.

14. JANANI SHISHU SURAKSHA
KARYAKRAM
Launched on 1st June 2011.
An attempt to make all deliveries cost
free by-
Free drugs & consumables.
Free diet.
Free diagnostic.
Free blood.
Free transport.
Free care of sick newborns.

15. BALIKA SAMRIDDHI YOJANA
Launched on 15th August 1997.
OBJECTIVES
To change negative family and
community attitudes towards the girl child
at birth and towards her mother.
To improve enrolment and retention of
girls children in schools.
BENEFITS-
A post birth grant amount of Rs.500/-.
Annual scholarships for education
according to class.

16. REPRODUCTIVE AND CHILD
HEALTH PROGRAMME-I
Launched on 15th October 1997.
RCH-I PACKAGE
Family planning.
Child survival and safe motherhood.
Patient approach to health care.
Prevention and management of
RTI/STDs/AIDs.
OBJECTIVES
To promote health of mother and child.
To reduce IMR and MMR.
Population stabilization.

17. REPRODUCTIVE AND CHILD
HEALTH PROGRAMME-II
Launched on 1st April 2005.
To reduce maternal & child mortality &
morbidity.
OBJECTIVES
To develop human resources intensively.
To expand RCH services to tribal areas also.
To improve the management performance.
To improve the quality, coverage and
effectiveness of the existing services &more
focus on empowered action group (EAG)
states.
To monitor and evaluate services.