Prevalence Of Pressure Ulcer
Name xxx
United State University
Course xxxx
Professor xxxx
The Prevalence of Pressure Ulcer Among The Elderly And Decreased Mobility Patients in The Hospitals And Healthcare Facilities.
Abstract
Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers remain to be amongst the continuous and persistent healthcare issues that are affecting the delivery of quality healthcare services. Pressure ulcers or pressure sores or bedsores refer to the injuries of the skin and the underlying tissues that are mainly caused by the prolonged pressure on the skin. According to the National Health Service, these conditions are common in individuals who are bedridden or are sitting on wheelchairs and chairs for an extended period. The disease occurs on the body parts that are commonly exposed to the pressure for example the spine, hips, elbows, and heels. The issue of pressure ulcers is a major public health concern since it consumes large sums of money to address the problem (Grey et al., 2016). On average, a client is being charged $ 37,800 for extreme cases of pressure ulcers.
This study aims to implement certain method to prevent pressure ulcers among the elderly above 60 years and decreased mobility patients in the hospital and healthcare facilities through the use of Braden scale, applying mepilex foam dressing to bony prominence areas, and repositioning. Patients especially elderly adults are experiencing lengthy hospital stays and this is exposing them to the high risk of pressure ulcers. According to Rondinelli et al (2018), several factors are linked to pressure ulcers. These multi-factorial factors involve hormonal changes, impairment of blood perfusion, inflammation, degenerative changes, and reduction in the effectiveness of immunity. The majority of elderly patients suffer from frailty and other chronic diseases that reduce their ability to engage in daily activities (ADLs) and even experiences limited movements. This increases their level of exposure to hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI). This is a health concern that requires the development of effective evidence-based interventions to help in the creation of awareness concerning therapy and preventive approaches such as the application of the Braden Scale to help in detecting the risks of adult patients. It is also important to design approaches that are helpful in the protection of the bony regions using pads and repositioning of the patients after every 2 hours (Lyder & Ayello, 2018).
Many healthcare facilities have attempted to design effective evidence-based interventions but the issue of healthcare-acquired pressure ulcers continued to persist. Despite the increased efforts to implement evidence-based procedures to guide the nurses in reducing the pressure ulcers issue within the acute care facilities, the number of reported cases of pressure ulcers continues to be a major issue (Grey et al., 2016). The majority of healthcare facilities are fa.
Elsevier Medical Graph – mit Machine Learning zu Precision MedicineRising Media Ltd.
Elsevier Health Analytics entwickelt den Medical Knowledge Graph, welcher Korrelationen zwischen Krankheiten und zwischen Krankheiten und Behandlungen darstellt. Auf einem Gesamtdatensatz von sechs Millionen anonymisierten Patienten, beobachtbar über sechs Jahre, haben wir über 2000 Modelle erstellt, welche die Entwicklung von Krankheiten prognostizieren. Jedes Modell ist adjustiert für mehr als 3000 Kovariablen. Dazu kam ein Boosting Algorithmus mit Variablenselektion zum Einsatz. Die Betas der selektierten Variablen wurden extrahiert, getestet hinsichtlich Kausalität und Signifikanz, und daraus wurde die erste Version des Medical Graphen mit über 2000 Krankheitsknoten und 25.000 Effekt-Kanten gebaut. Der Graph wird aktuell in der Praxis getestet, mit dem Ziel, dem Arzt eine patienten-individuelle Entscheidungsunterstützung für die Behandlung zu geben.
GET IEEE BIG DATA,JAVA ,DOTNET,ANDROID ,NS2,MATLAB,EMBEDED AT LOW COST WITH BEST QUALITY PLEASE CONTACT BELOW NUMBER
FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE FIND THE BELOW DETAILS:
Nexgen Technology
No :66,4th cross,Venkata nagar,
Near SBI ATM,
Puducherry.
Email Id: praveen@nexgenproject.com
Mobile: 9791938249
Telephone: 0413-2211159
www.nexgenproject.com
CS 649 Database Management Systems Fall 2017 Instructor.docxannettsparrow
CS 649 Database Management Systems Fall 2017
Instructor: Prof. Ping-Tsai Chung
Mini-Project
(Total: 400 Points) Due: December 11, Monday, 2017
Consider the Company Database given in the handout. This Database contains 6 relations,
namely: EMPLOYEE, DEPARTMENT, DEPT_LOCATION, WORKS_ON, PROJECT
and DEPENDENT. Each table is defined in the handout.
Please send your work in one file to my email account [email protected] (i.e.,
[email protected]) and submit a hard copy in class, Thanks.
(I) (80 Points) Using any two available ER Tools to draw the ER Diagram for the Company
Database. The Requirements were discussed in the class. Write two-page report to discuss your
comparative results.
Note that ER Tools such as ERWin Software, http://erwin.com/products/data-modeler,
ERDPlus, https://erdplus.com/, ER Assist Tool and Smartdraw,
https://www.smartdraw.com/
(II) (50 Points) First using Oracle SQL * Plus, create the schema of this database. You need to
check the database referential integrity to decide the order to create tables. Then follow the
Oracle syntax to create tables, please see Create-Tables-Notes-Company-DB at the end of this
notes for your reference, and
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28310/tables003.htm#ADMIN11004
https://www.techonthenet.com/oracle/tables/create_table.php
https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_create_table.asp
https://www.javatpoint.com/oracle-create-table
http://www.sqlinfo.net/oracle/oracle_Create_table.php
Continue by inserting the data records as presented in the handout. You should print out
the result of final tables.
If you want to learn “Insert Multiple Records”, please see an example at the end of this notes
for your reference.
(III) (100 Points) Solve the following queries in SQL. For each query, you need to specify the
SQL and show the result of each query if applied to the Company Database.
(a) Retrieve the names of employees in department 5 who work more than 10 hours per
mailto:[email protected]
http://erwin.com/products/data-modeler
https://erdplus.com/
https://www.smartdraw.com/
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28310/tables003.htm#ADMIN11004
https://www.techonthenet.com/oracle/tables/create_table.php
https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_create_table.asp
https://www.javatpoint.com/oracle-create-table
http://www.sqlinfo.net/oracle/oracle_Create_table.php
week on the 'ProductX' project.
(b) List the names of employees who have a dependent with the same first name as
themselves.
(c) Find the names of employees that are directly supervised by 'Franklin Wong'.
(d) For each project, list the project name and the total hours per week (by all
employees) spent on that project.
(e) Retrieve the names of employees who work on every project.
(f) Retrieve the names of employees who do not work on any project.
(g) For each department, retrieve the department name, and the average salary of
employees.
MULTI MODEL DATA MINING APPROACH FOR HEART FAILURE PREDICTIONIJDKP
Developing predictive modelling solutions for risk estimation is extremely challenging in health-care
informatics. Risk estimation involves integration of heterogeneous clinical sources having different
representation from different health-care provider making the task increasingly complex. Such sources are
typically voluminous, diverse, and significantly change over the time. Therefore, distributed and parallel
computing tools collectively termed big data tools are in need which can synthesize and assist the physician
to make right clinical decisions. In this work we propose multi-model predictive architecture, a novel
approach for combining the predictive ability of multiple models for better prediction accuracy. We
demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed work on data from Framingham Heart study.
Results show that the proposed multi-model predictive architecture is able to provide better accuracy than
best model approach. By modelling the error of predictive models we are able to choose sub set of models
which yields accurate results. More information was modelled into system by multi-level mining which has
resulted in enhanced predictive accuracy.
Elsevier Medical Graph – mit Machine Learning zu Precision MedicineRising Media Ltd.
Elsevier Health Analytics entwickelt den Medical Knowledge Graph, welcher Korrelationen zwischen Krankheiten und zwischen Krankheiten und Behandlungen darstellt. Auf einem Gesamtdatensatz von sechs Millionen anonymisierten Patienten, beobachtbar über sechs Jahre, haben wir über 2000 Modelle erstellt, welche die Entwicklung von Krankheiten prognostizieren. Jedes Modell ist adjustiert für mehr als 3000 Kovariablen. Dazu kam ein Boosting Algorithmus mit Variablenselektion zum Einsatz. Die Betas der selektierten Variablen wurden extrahiert, getestet hinsichtlich Kausalität und Signifikanz, und daraus wurde die erste Version des Medical Graphen mit über 2000 Krankheitsknoten und 25.000 Effekt-Kanten gebaut. Der Graph wird aktuell in der Praxis getestet, mit dem Ziel, dem Arzt eine patienten-individuelle Entscheidungsunterstützung für die Behandlung zu geben.
GET IEEE BIG DATA,JAVA ,DOTNET,ANDROID ,NS2,MATLAB,EMBEDED AT LOW COST WITH BEST QUALITY PLEASE CONTACT BELOW NUMBER
FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE FIND THE BELOW DETAILS:
Nexgen Technology
No :66,4th cross,Venkata nagar,
Near SBI ATM,
Puducherry.
Email Id: praveen@nexgenproject.com
Mobile: 9791938249
Telephone: 0413-2211159
www.nexgenproject.com
CS 649 Database Management Systems Fall 2017 Instructor.docxannettsparrow
CS 649 Database Management Systems Fall 2017
Instructor: Prof. Ping-Tsai Chung
Mini-Project
(Total: 400 Points) Due: December 11, Monday, 2017
Consider the Company Database given in the handout. This Database contains 6 relations,
namely: EMPLOYEE, DEPARTMENT, DEPT_LOCATION, WORKS_ON, PROJECT
and DEPENDENT. Each table is defined in the handout.
Please send your work in one file to my email account [email protected] (i.e.,
[email protected]) and submit a hard copy in class, Thanks.
(I) (80 Points) Using any two available ER Tools to draw the ER Diagram for the Company
Database. The Requirements were discussed in the class. Write two-page report to discuss your
comparative results.
Note that ER Tools such as ERWin Software, http://erwin.com/products/data-modeler,
ERDPlus, https://erdplus.com/, ER Assist Tool and Smartdraw,
https://www.smartdraw.com/
(II) (50 Points) First using Oracle SQL * Plus, create the schema of this database. You need to
check the database referential integrity to decide the order to create tables. Then follow the
Oracle syntax to create tables, please see Create-Tables-Notes-Company-DB at the end of this
notes for your reference, and
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28310/tables003.htm#ADMIN11004
https://www.techonthenet.com/oracle/tables/create_table.php
https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_create_table.asp
https://www.javatpoint.com/oracle-create-table
http://www.sqlinfo.net/oracle/oracle_Create_table.php
Continue by inserting the data records as presented in the handout. You should print out
the result of final tables.
If you want to learn “Insert Multiple Records”, please see an example at the end of this notes
for your reference.
(III) (100 Points) Solve the following queries in SQL. For each query, you need to specify the
SQL and show the result of each query if applied to the Company Database.
(a) Retrieve the names of employees in department 5 who work more than 10 hours per
mailto:[email protected]
http://erwin.com/products/data-modeler
https://erdplus.com/
https://www.smartdraw.com/
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28310/tables003.htm#ADMIN11004
https://www.techonthenet.com/oracle/tables/create_table.php
https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_create_table.asp
https://www.javatpoint.com/oracle-create-table
http://www.sqlinfo.net/oracle/oracle_Create_table.php
week on the 'ProductX' project.
(b) List the names of employees who have a dependent with the same first name as
themselves.
(c) Find the names of employees that are directly supervised by 'Franklin Wong'.
(d) For each project, list the project name and the total hours per week (by all
employees) spent on that project.
(e) Retrieve the names of employees who work on every project.
(f) Retrieve the names of employees who do not work on any project.
(g) For each department, retrieve the department name, and the average salary of
employees.
MULTI MODEL DATA MINING APPROACH FOR HEART FAILURE PREDICTIONIJDKP
Developing predictive modelling solutions for risk estimation is extremely challenging in health-care
informatics. Risk estimation involves integration of heterogeneous clinical sources having different
representation from different health-care provider making the task increasingly complex. Such sources are
typically voluminous, diverse, and significantly change over the time. Therefore, distributed and parallel
computing tools collectively termed big data tools are in need which can synthesize and assist the physician
to make right clinical decisions. In this work we propose multi-model predictive architecture, a novel
approach for combining the predictive ability of multiple models for better prediction accuracy. We
demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed work on data from Framingham Heart study.
Results show that the proposed multi-model predictive architecture is able to provide better accuracy than
best model approach. By modelling the error of predictive models we are able to choose sub set of models
which yields accurate results. More information was modelled into system by multi-level mining which has
resulted in enhanced predictive accuracy.
A Proposed Security Architecture for Establishing Privacy Domains in Systems ...IJERA Editor
Information and communication technology (ICT) are becoming a natural part in healthcare. Instead of keeping patient information inside a written file, you can find all information stored in an organized database as well defined files using a specific system in almost every hospital. But those files sometimes got lost or information was split up in files in different hospitals or different departments so no one could see the whole picture from this point we come up with our idea. One of this paper targets is to keep that information available on the cloud so doctors and nurses can have an access to patient record everywhere, so patient history will be clear which helps doctors in giving the right decision. We present security architecture for establishing privacy domains in e-Health bases. In this case, we will improve the availability of medical data and provide the ability for patients to moderate their medical data. Moreover, e-Health system in cloud computing has more than one component to be attacked. The other target of this paper is to distinguish between different kinds of attackers and we point out several shortcomings of current e-Health solutions and standards, particularly they do not address the client platform security, which is a crucial aspect for the overall security of systems in cloud. To fill this gap, we present security architecture for establishing privacy domains in e-Health infrastructures. Our solution provides client platform security and appropriately combines this with network security concepts.
Automatic missing value imputation for cleaning phase of diabetic’s readmissi...IJECEIAES
Recently, the industry of healthcare started generating a large volume of datasets. If hospitals can employ the data, they could easily predict the outcomes and provide better treatments at early stages with low cost. Here, data analytics (DA) was used to make correct decisions through proper analysis and prediction. However, inappropriate data may lead to flawed analysis and thus yield unacceptable conclusions. Hence, transforming the improper data from the entire data set into useful data is essential. Machine learning (ML) technique was used to overcome the issues due to incomplete data. A new architecture, automatic missing value imputation (AMVI) was developed to predict missing values in the dataset, including data sampling and feature selection. Four prediction models (i.e., logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), AdaBoost, and random forest algorithms) were selected from the well-known classification. The complete AMVI architecture performance was evaluated using a structured data set obtained from the UCI repository. Accuracy of around 90% was achieved. It was also confirmed from cross-validation that the trained ML model is suitable and not over-fitted. This trained model is developed based on the dataset, which is not dependent on a specific environment. It will train and obtain the outperformed model depending on the data available.
How to cite this articlePrado CBC, Machado EAS, Mendes KDS.docxpauline234567
How to cite this article
Prado CBC, Machado EAS, Mendes KDS, Silveira RCCP, Galvão CM. Support surfaces for intraoperative
pressure injury prevention: systematic review with meta-analysis. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem. 2021;29:e3493.
[Access
daymonth year
]; Available in:
URL
. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.5279.3493
* Paper extracted from doctoral dissertation “Support surfaces
for prevention for pressure ulcer in the intraoperative
period: systematic review with meta-analysis”, presented
to Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de
Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing
Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
1 Universidade de Uberaba, Ciências da Saúde, Uberaba,
MG, Brazil.
2 Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de
Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing
Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
3 Scholarship holder at the Conselho Nacional de
Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/Ministério da
Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações, Brazil.
Support surfaces for intraoperative pressure injury prevention:
systematic review with meta-analysis*
Objective: to evaluate evidence on effectiveness support
surfaces for pressure injury prevention in the intraoperative
period. Method: systematic review. The search for primary
studies was conducted in seven databases. The sample
consisted of 10 studies. The synthesis of the results was carried
out descriptively and through meta-analysis. Results: when
comparing low-tech support surfaces with regular care (standard
surgical table mattress), the meta-analysis showed that there is
no statistically significant difference between the investigated
interventions (Relative Risk = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.30-2.39). The
Higgins inconsistency test indicated considerable heterogeneity
between studies (I2 = 83%). The assessment of the certainty
of the evidence was very low. When comparing high-tech and
low-tech support surfaces, the meta-analysis showed that there
is a statistically significant difference between the interventions
studied, with high-tech being the most effective (Relative Risk
= 0.17; 95%CI: 0.05-0.53). Heterogeneity can be classified
as not important (I2 = 0%). The assessment of certainty of
evidence was moderate. Conclusion: the use of high-tech
support surfaces is an effective measure to prevent pressure
injuries in the intraoperative period.
Descriptors: Perioperative Nursing; Pressure Ulcer; Systematic
Review; Meta-Analysis; Intraoperative Period; Equipment and
Supplies.
Review Article
Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem
2021;29:e3493
DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.5279.3493
www.eerp.usp.br/rlae
Carolina Beatriz Cunha Prado1
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4570-9502
Elaine Alves Silva Machado1
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3683-6438
Karina Dal Sasso Mendes2
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3349-2075
Renata Cristina de Campos Pereira Silveira2
https://orcid.org/0000-00.
Financial analysis of saving cost with 3D printing Materialise NV
Medical 3D Printing Cost-Savings in
Orthopedic and Maxillofacial Surgery:
Cost Analysis of Operating Room
Time Saved with 3D Printed Anatomic
Models and Surgical Guides
We developed a real-time, visual analytics tool for clinical decision support. The system expands the “recall of past experience” approach that a provider (physician) uses to formulate a course of action for a given patient. By utilizing Big-Data techniques, we enable the provider to recall all similar patients from an institution’s electronic medical record (EMR) repository, to explore “what-if” scenarios, and to collect these evidence-based cohorts for future statistical validation and pattern mining.
PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS IN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM USING DATA MINING TECHNIQUEScscpconf
The health sector has witnessed a great evolution following the development of new computer technologies, and that pushed this area to produce more medical data, which gave birth to multiple fields of research. Many efforts are done to cope with the explosion of medical data on one hand, and to obtain useful knowledge from it on the other hand. This prompted researchers to apply all the technical innovations like big data analytics, predictive analytics, machine learning and learning algorithms in order to extract useful knowledge and help in making decisions. With the promises of predictive analytics in big data, and the use of machine learning
algorithms, predicting future is no longer a difficult task, especially for medicine because predicting diseases and anticipating the cure became possible. In this paper we will present an overview on the evolution of big data in healthcare system, and we will apply a learning algorithm on a set of medical data. The objective is to predict chronic kidney diseases by using Decision Tree (C4.5) algorithm.
Why ICT Fails in Healthcare: Software Maintenance and MaintainabilityKoray Atalag
This presentation was for a SERG seminar at the University of Auckland Department of Computer Science. I present why software maintenance is a barrier for adoption of IT in healthcare and the maintainability aspects based on ISO/IEC 9126 software quality standard quality model. I then present the preliminary results of my research here.
CLOUD COMPUTING71Dissertation Factors affecting the adoptWilheminaRossi174
CLOUD COMPUTING
71
Dissertation: Factors affecting the adoption of cloud computing in healthcare
Shiva Kumar Pagadala
University of the Cumberlands
Advanced Research Methods
DSRT 839
Dr. Bryian Ramsey
03/04/2022
Abstract
In medical care, cloud technology allows hospital treatment. This research intends to evaluate variables impacting cloud-based diagnostic medical alternatives by clinical staff. Regression analysis tests were employed to assess the conceptual framework and outcome findings. Based on multivariate regression tests, the results demonstrated that all control variations perceived beneficial, the relative advantage of usages, perceived risk, productivity, and availability have a numerically substantial effect apart from organizational commitment and interoperability with the reliant involved in the decision making. Findings reflect the influence and relevance of the response variable and illustrate the crucial role such parameters play in consumers' inclination to employ central data centers in the healthcare industry. These results also corroborate results from earlier relevant investigations. Findings from this study in clinical technology would give greater emphasis to these aspects.
Table of Contents
Chapter One: Introduction
Overview……………………………………………………………………...
Background and Problem Statement………………………………………….
Chapter Two: Literature Review
Introduction
Cloud computing has intensely grown to be one of the most deployed services because of its relative benefits and advantages to firms, organizations, and enterprises. There are four main service deployment models of cloud computing, whereby the models differ according to physical and foundational infrastructure layers (Amron et al., 2017). The models include hybrid cloud, community cloud, private and public cloud. The central service model is a platform as a service, software as a service, and infrastructure as a service.
The complexity of healthcare information systems has been the leading cause of the shift from traditional to modern mobile-based technology systems, as cloud computing helps incorporate solutions to the technologies while adopting new information technology outsourcing (Amron et al., 2017). Apart from improving service quality and meeting various healthcare needs, cloud computing also aids in storing and sharing information such as electric health records and opening new horizons for patients (Amron et al., 2017).
On a theoretical framework, all cloud computing models applicable shall be examined in review on technological aspect, organization-environmental framework aspect, and technological innovation. All the currently and internally ...
Professional Memo 1 IFSM 201 Professional Memo .docxLacieKlineeb
Professional Memo 1
IFSM 201 Professional Memo
Before you begin this assignment, be sure you have read the Small Merchant Guide to Safe
Payments documentation from the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DSS)
organization. PCI Data Security Standards are established to protect payment account data
throughout the payment lifecycle, and to protect individuals and entities from the criminals who
attempt to steal sensitive data. The PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) applies to all entities
that store, process, and/or transmit cardholder data, including merchants, service providers, and
financial institutions.
Purpose of this Assignment
You work as an Information Technology Consultant for the Greater Washington Risk Associates
(GWRA) and have been asked to write a professional memo to one of your clients as a follow-up
to their recent risk assessment (RA). GWRA specializes in enterprise risk management for state
agencies and municipalities. The county of Anne Arundel, Maryland (the client) hired GWRA to
conduct a risk assessment of Odenton, Maryland (a community within the Anne Arundel
County), with a focus on business operations within the municipality.
This assignment specifically addresses the following course outcome to enable you to:
• Identify ethical, security, and privacy considerations in conducting data and information
analysis and selecting and using information technology.
Assignment
Your supervisor has asked that the memo focus on Odenton’s information systems, and
specifically, securing the processes for payments of services. Currently, the Odenton Township
offices accept cash or credit card payment for the services of sanitation (sewer and refuse),
water, and property taxes. Residents can pay either in-person at township offices or over the
phone with a major credit card (American Express, Discover, MasterCard and Visa). Over the
phone payment involves with speaking to an employee and giving the credit card information.
Once payment is received, the Accounting Department is responsible for manually entering it
into the township database system and making daily deposits to the bank.
The purpose of the professional memo is to identify a minimum of three current controls
(e.g., tools, practices, policies) in Odenton Township (either a control specific to Odenton
Township or a control provided by Anne Arundel county) that can be considered best
practices in safe payment/data protection. Furthermore, beyond what measures are
currently in place, you should highlight the need to focus on insider threats and provide a
minimum of three additional recommendations. Below are the findings from the Risk
Assessment:
• The IT department for Anne Arundel County requires strong passwords for users to
access and use information systems.
https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pdfs/Small_Merchant_Guide_to_Safe_Payments.pdf
https://www.pcisec.
Principals in EpidemiologyHomework #2Please complete the fol.docxLacieKlineeb
Principals in Epidemiology
Homework #2
Please complete the following:
1. Utilizing the following list of communicable/infectious/exposure related conditions/diseases:
a. STI (Gonorrhea)
b. Hepatitis C
c. HIV (adult)
d. Tuberculosis
Please provide a description of the reporting requirements in
Virginia
and include all of the following elements for
each
of the above diseases (a-d).
Please include the name of the State, in the textbox above, in which you are providing information from and include all reference website URLs that the reporting information was obtained from for each disease below.
· Case definition: include suspect, probable, and/or confirmed, if appropriate
· Reporting criteria: time frame, method (e.g. by phone, Fax form, electronic), and required agency to report to (e.g. local HD, State HD, or CDC)
· Major elements of the information required to be reported (list categories or important information). If there is a
reporting form
availab1le, please attach a copy (
not all diseases have a manual reporting form or some forms are used for multiple diseases, only need to attach one copy and note which diseases utilize the same attached form
). If there is any standard follow-up patient/client information needed after reporting, please provide a description of this. If there is none, state this.
a. STI (Gonorrhea) –
b. Hepatitis C –
c. HIV (adult) –
d. Tuberculosis –
.
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A Proposed Security Architecture for Establishing Privacy Domains in Systems ...IJERA Editor
Information and communication technology (ICT) are becoming a natural part in healthcare. Instead of keeping patient information inside a written file, you can find all information stored in an organized database as well defined files using a specific system in almost every hospital. But those files sometimes got lost or information was split up in files in different hospitals or different departments so no one could see the whole picture from this point we come up with our idea. One of this paper targets is to keep that information available on the cloud so doctors and nurses can have an access to patient record everywhere, so patient history will be clear which helps doctors in giving the right decision. We present security architecture for establishing privacy domains in e-Health bases. In this case, we will improve the availability of medical data and provide the ability for patients to moderate their medical data. Moreover, e-Health system in cloud computing has more than one component to be attacked. The other target of this paper is to distinguish between different kinds of attackers and we point out several shortcomings of current e-Health solutions and standards, particularly they do not address the client platform security, which is a crucial aspect for the overall security of systems in cloud. To fill this gap, we present security architecture for establishing privacy domains in e-Health infrastructures. Our solution provides client platform security and appropriately combines this with network security concepts.
Automatic missing value imputation for cleaning phase of diabetic’s readmissi...IJECEIAES
Recently, the industry of healthcare started generating a large volume of datasets. If hospitals can employ the data, they could easily predict the outcomes and provide better treatments at early stages with low cost. Here, data analytics (DA) was used to make correct decisions through proper analysis and prediction. However, inappropriate data may lead to flawed analysis and thus yield unacceptable conclusions. Hence, transforming the improper data from the entire data set into useful data is essential. Machine learning (ML) technique was used to overcome the issues due to incomplete data. A new architecture, automatic missing value imputation (AMVI) was developed to predict missing values in the dataset, including data sampling and feature selection. Four prediction models (i.e., logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), AdaBoost, and random forest algorithms) were selected from the well-known classification. The complete AMVI architecture performance was evaluated using a structured data set obtained from the UCI repository. Accuracy of around 90% was achieved. It was also confirmed from cross-validation that the trained ML model is suitable and not over-fitted. This trained model is developed based on the dataset, which is not dependent on a specific environment. It will train and obtain the outperformed model depending on the data available.
How to cite this articlePrado CBC, Machado EAS, Mendes KDS.docxpauline234567
How to cite this article
Prado CBC, Machado EAS, Mendes KDS, Silveira RCCP, Galvão CM. Support surfaces for intraoperative
pressure injury prevention: systematic review with meta-analysis. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem. 2021;29:e3493.
[Access
daymonth year
]; Available in:
URL
. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.5279.3493
* Paper extracted from doctoral dissertation “Support surfaces
for prevention for pressure ulcer in the intraoperative
period: systematic review with meta-analysis”, presented
to Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de
Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing
Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
1 Universidade de Uberaba, Ciências da Saúde, Uberaba,
MG, Brazil.
2 Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de
Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing
Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
3 Scholarship holder at the Conselho Nacional de
Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/Ministério da
Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações, Brazil.
Support surfaces for intraoperative pressure injury prevention:
systematic review with meta-analysis*
Objective: to evaluate evidence on effectiveness support
surfaces for pressure injury prevention in the intraoperative
period. Method: systematic review. The search for primary
studies was conducted in seven databases. The sample
consisted of 10 studies. The synthesis of the results was carried
out descriptively and through meta-analysis. Results: when
comparing low-tech support surfaces with regular care (standard
surgical table mattress), the meta-analysis showed that there is
no statistically significant difference between the investigated
interventions (Relative Risk = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.30-2.39). The
Higgins inconsistency test indicated considerable heterogeneity
between studies (I2 = 83%). The assessment of the certainty
of the evidence was very low. When comparing high-tech and
low-tech support surfaces, the meta-analysis showed that there
is a statistically significant difference between the interventions
studied, with high-tech being the most effective (Relative Risk
= 0.17; 95%CI: 0.05-0.53). Heterogeneity can be classified
as not important (I2 = 0%). The assessment of certainty of
evidence was moderate. Conclusion: the use of high-tech
support surfaces is an effective measure to prevent pressure
injuries in the intraoperative period.
Descriptors: Perioperative Nursing; Pressure Ulcer; Systematic
Review; Meta-Analysis; Intraoperative Period; Equipment and
Supplies.
Review Article
Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem
2021;29:e3493
DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.5279.3493
www.eerp.usp.br/rlae
Carolina Beatriz Cunha Prado1
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4570-9502
Elaine Alves Silva Machado1
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3683-6438
Karina Dal Sasso Mendes2
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3349-2075
Renata Cristina de Campos Pereira Silveira2
https://orcid.org/0000-00.
Financial analysis of saving cost with 3D printing Materialise NV
Medical 3D Printing Cost-Savings in
Orthopedic and Maxillofacial Surgery:
Cost Analysis of Operating Room
Time Saved with 3D Printed Anatomic
Models and Surgical Guides
We developed a real-time, visual analytics tool for clinical decision support. The system expands the “recall of past experience” approach that a provider (physician) uses to formulate a course of action for a given patient. By utilizing Big-Data techniques, we enable the provider to recall all similar patients from an institution’s electronic medical record (EMR) repository, to explore “what-if” scenarios, and to collect these evidence-based cohorts for future statistical validation and pattern mining.
PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS IN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM USING DATA MINING TECHNIQUEScscpconf
The health sector has witnessed a great evolution following the development of new computer technologies, and that pushed this area to produce more medical data, which gave birth to multiple fields of research. Many efforts are done to cope with the explosion of medical data on one hand, and to obtain useful knowledge from it on the other hand. This prompted researchers to apply all the technical innovations like big data analytics, predictive analytics, machine learning and learning algorithms in order to extract useful knowledge and help in making decisions. With the promises of predictive analytics in big data, and the use of machine learning
algorithms, predicting future is no longer a difficult task, especially for medicine because predicting diseases and anticipating the cure became possible. In this paper we will present an overview on the evolution of big data in healthcare system, and we will apply a learning algorithm on a set of medical data. The objective is to predict chronic kidney diseases by using Decision Tree (C4.5) algorithm.
Why ICT Fails in Healthcare: Software Maintenance and MaintainabilityKoray Atalag
This presentation was for a SERG seminar at the University of Auckland Department of Computer Science. I present why software maintenance is a barrier for adoption of IT in healthcare and the maintainability aspects based on ISO/IEC 9126 software quality standard quality model. I then present the preliminary results of my research here.
CLOUD COMPUTING71Dissertation Factors affecting the adoptWilheminaRossi174
CLOUD COMPUTING
71
Dissertation: Factors affecting the adoption of cloud computing in healthcare
Shiva Kumar Pagadala
University of the Cumberlands
Advanced Research Methods
DSRT 839
Dr. Bryian Ramsey
03/04/2022
Abstract
In medical care, cloud technology allows hospital treatment. This research intends to evaluate variables impacting cloud-based diagnostic medical alternatives by clinical staff. Regression analysis tests were employed to assess the conceptual framework and outcome findings. Based on multivariate regression tests, the results demonstrated that all control variations perceived beneficial, the relative advantage of usages, perceived risk, productivity, and availability have a numerically substantial effect apart from organizational commitment and interoperability with the reliant involved in the decision making. Findings reflect the influence and relevance of the response variable and illustrate the crucial role such parameters play in consumers' inclination to employ central data centers in the healthcare industry. These results also corroborate results from earlier relevant investigations. Findings from this study in clinical technology would give greater emphasis to these aspects.
Table of Contents
Chapter One: Introduction
Overview……………………………………………………………………...
Background and Problem Statement………………………………………….
Chapter Two: Literature Review
Introduction
Cloud computing has intensely grown to be one of the most deployed services because of its relative benefits and advantages to firms, organizations, and enterprises. There are four main service deployment models of cloud computing, whereby the models differ according to physical and foundational infrastructure layers (Amron et al., 2017). The models include hybrid cloud, community cloud, private and public cloud. The central service model is a platform as a service, software as a service, and infrastructure as a service.
The complexity of healthcare information systems has been the leading cause of the shift from traditional to modern mobile-based technology systems, as cloud computing helps incorporate solutions to the technologies while adopting new information technology outsourcing (Amron et al., 2017). Apart from improving service quality and meeting various healthcare needs, cloud computing also aids in storing and sharing information such as electric health records and opening new horizons for patients (Amron et al., 2017).
On a theoretical framework, all cloud computing models applicable shall be examined in review on technological aspect, organization-environmental framework aspect, and technological innovation. All the currently and internally ...
Professional Memo 1 IFSM 201 Professional Memo .docxLacieKlineeb
Professional Memo 1
IFSM 201 Professional Memo
Before you begin this assignment, be sure you have read the Small Merchant Guide to Safe
Payments documentation from the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DSS)
organization. PCI Data Security Standards are established to protect payment account data
throughout the payment lifecycle, and to protect individuals and entities from the criminals who
attempt to steal sensitive data. The PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) applies to all entities
that store, process, and/or transmit cardholder data, including merchants, service providers, and
financial institutions.
Purpose of this Assignment
You work as an Information Technology Consultant for the Greater Washington Risk Associates
(GWRA) and have been asked to write a professional memo to one of your clients as a follow-up
to their recent risk assessment (RA). GWRA specializes in enterprise risk management for state
agencies and municipalities. The county of Anne Arundel, Maryland (the client) hired GWRA to
conduct a risk assessment of Odenton, Maryland (a community within the Anne Arundel
County), with a focus on business operations within the municipality.
This assignment specifically addresses the following course outcome to enable you to:
• Identify ethical, security, and privacy considerations in conducting data and information
analysis and selecting and using information technology.
Assignment
Your supervisor has asked that the memo focus on Odenton’s information systems, and
specifically, securing the processes for payments of services. Currently, the Odenton Township
offices accept cash or credit card payment for the services of sanitation (sewer and refuse),
water, and property taxes. Residents can pay either in-person at township offices or over the
phone with a major credit card (American Express, Discover, MasterCard and Visa). Over the
phone payment involves with speaking to an employee and giving the credit card information.
Once payment is received, the Accounting Department is responsible for manually entering it
into the township database system and making daily deposits to the bank.
The purpose of the professional memo is to identify a minimum of three current controls
(e.g., tools, practices, policies) in Odenton Township (either a control specific to Odenton
Township or a control provided by Anne Arundel county) that can be considered best
practices in safe payment/data protection. Furthermore, beyond what measures are
currently in place, you should highlight the need to focus on insider threats and provide a
minimum of three additional recommendations. Below are the findings from the Risk
Assessment:
• The IT department for Anne Arundel County requires strong passwords for users to
access and use information systems.
https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pdfs/Small_Merchant_Guide_to_Safe_Payments.pdf
https://www.pcisec.
Principals in EpidemiologyHomework #2Please complete the fol.docxLacieKlineeb
Principals in Epidemiology
Homework #2
Please complete the following:
1. Utilizing the following list of communicable/infectious/exposure related conditions/diseases:
a. STI (Gonorrhea)
b. Hepatitis C
c. HIV (adult)
d. Tuberculosis
Please provide a description of the reporting requirements in
Virginia
and include all of the following elements for
each
of the above diseases (a-d).
Please include the name of the State, in the textbox above, in which you are providing information from and include all reference website URLs that the reporting information was obtained from for each disease below.
· Case definition: include suspect, probable, and/or confirmed, if appropriate
· Reporting criteria: time frame, method (e.g. by phone, Fax form, electronic), and required agency to report to (e.g. local HD, State HD, or CDC)
· Major elements of the information required to be reported (list categories or important information). If there is a
reporting form
availab1le, please attach a copy (
not all diseases have a manual reporting form or some forms are used for multiple diseases, only need to attach one copy and note which diseases utilize the same attached form
). If there is any standard follow-up patient/client information needed after reporting, please provide a description of this. If there is none, state this.
a. STI (Gonorrhea) –
b. Hepatitis C –
c. HIV (adult) –
d. Tuberculosis –
.
Professional Disposition and Ethics - Introduction kthometz post.docxLacieKlineeb
Professional Disposition and Ethics - Introduction
kthometz posted on 09-27-2022 11:26 AM 10-25-2022 06:18 PM
WGU’s mission is to “change lives for the better by creating pathways to opportunity.” Teachers College Way is to “change lives for the better by catalyzing Next-Gen teaching, learning, and leading across the education spectrum.
Next-Gen Candidates
A Next-Gen candidate is transformative in teaching, learning, and leading across the education spectrum. Teachers College strives to foster organizational systems and culture that allow candidates, faculty, and staff to do their life’s best work. Next-generation education begins with the core belief that the art and science of teaching, learning, and leading in education must continually evolve, becoming better and better with each subsequent generation. Catalyzing Next-Gen teaching, learning, and leading requires experience in a transformative educational environment.
Healthy Learning
Teachers College endeavors to offer a healthy learning environment that supports the professional growth and development of each Next-Gen candidate and expands the professional opportunities for each Next-Gen graduate. The development of Professional Dispositions and Ethics for Next-Gen candidates strengthens the educational experience and conveys the Teachers College’s commitment to impactful teaching, learning, and leading to the greater professional community.
A vital aspect of transforming Professional Dispositions and Ethics is the integration of restorative practices. Next-Gen candidates are empowered to use effective, evidence-based best practices to create healthy learning environments where all learners rise and thrive. Teachers College provides candidates with a safe educational environment - a place where candidates can develop and strengthen their academic, physical, psychological, ethical, and social understandings (learn more about
Healthy Learning). Our Professional Dispositions and Ethics at WGU is supported by the five primary critical healthy-learning focus areas that are key drivers of learner academic, professional, and personal success. These five pillars, while being powerful concepts individually, gain collective strength and create a thriving, healthy learning environment, where all individuals are equipped to fully embody and practice Teachers College Professional Disposition and Ethics.
The five pillars of Healthy Learning are:
1. Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DE&I)
2. Social-Emotional Learning (SEL)
3. Character Education
4. Mental Health
5. Basic Needs
Figure 1
Figure 1:This graphic represents the research, reflection, policy & practice impact the five pillars of Healthy Learning. This figure shows that the five pillars of Healthy Learning are interconnected.
Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DE&I) impact all spaces within education. It is vital to address ongoing challenges of the inequalities of access and attainment am.
Problem 7PurposeBreak apart a complicated system.ConstantsC7C13.docxLacieKlineeb
Problem 7Purpose:Break apart a complicated system.Constants:C7:C13Gas-Sparge
System
Pmo794(DI/DT)^4.38DI0.36(DI2N/v)^0.115DT1.22(DIN2/g)^1.96(DI/Dt)N2.8(Q/NDI3)v8.90E-07Right Sideg9.81PM←ANSWERSQ0.00416Computed Pm917The difference between the Computed Pm and Calculated Pm
Problem 8Purpose:Calculate Wind ChillConstants:ParametersWind Speed (km/h)a13.12Air Temp oC1020304050b0.621510c-11.370d0.3965-10-20←ANSWERS-30-40QuestionsThe formula to be used in E5 such that it can be filled down and across to make the table is: ….The name for cell B6 is …To modify this worksheet for Fahrenheit you need to …..
Problem 13Purpose:Calculate square roots using Heron's MethodConstants:N225Sqrt is←ANSWERSGuessN/GuessAverageTestError10
2
Project Topic Proposal
Harita Patel
Professor Dr. Bernard Parenteau
CIS 4498
Date: 11/1/22
Project Topic Proposal
The proposed topic is cyber security. My proposal in this software development project of this class is to develop cyber security software to be a tool that protects systems against malicious attacks and online threats. The software should b able to detect and block threats that can not be detected by antivirus. The technology to be used will be defensive Artificial intelligence. Cybersecurity professional experts can utilize guarded man-made consciousness (simulated intelligence) to distinguish or stop cyberattacks. Sagacious cybercriminals use innovations like hostile computer-based intelligence and ill-disposed AI since they are harder for conventional network protection instruments to identify. Offensive AI incorporates profound fakes, bogus pictures, personas, and recordings that convincingly portray individuals or things that never occurred or don't exist. Noxious entertainers can utilize ill-disposed AI to fool machines into breaking down by giving them mistaken information. Cybersecurity professionals can utilize cautious computer-based intelligence to recognize and prevent hostile man-made intelligence from estimating, testing, and figuring out how the framework or organization's capabilities. Defensive AI can reinforce calculations, making them more challenging to break. Network protection analysts can direct more extreme weakness tests on AI models.
Artificial intelligence cautious apparatuses can precisely anticipate assault vectors, pinpoint the delicate region of the organization and frameworks, and even set it up groups for approaching occasions(Graham, Olson,& Howard, 2016). The progression of computerized data is developing a regular schedule making it progressively challenging to oversee and structure it or even to isolate what is significantly based on what is pointless. Confronted with this test, new encouraging advancement innovations are being created to bring 'information examination's to the following developmental level. Man-made consciousness (man-made intelligence), specifically, is supposed to become huge in many fields. A few types of computer-based inte.
Procedure1. Research occupation as it relates to Occupati.docxLacieKlineeb
Procedure
:
1. Research occupation as it relates to Occupational Therapy
2. Provide statistics, tests, and measurements for the purpose of delivering evidence-based practice and/or service delivery options as it relates to occupation.
3. Adapt the presentation for the following:
a. Consumers
b. Potential employers
c. Colleagues
d. Third Party Payers
e. Regulatory Boards
f. Policy Makers
4. You will present this information to the class in the form of a power point presentation and each slide should be labeled with for your target audience.
.
Problem 1 (10 Points)Jackson Browne Corporation is authorized to.docxLacieKlineeb
Problem 1 (10 Points)
Jackson Browne Corporation is authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of $1 par value common stock. During 2021, its first year of operation, the company has the following stock transactions.
Jan. 1 Paid the state $10,000 for incorporation fees.
Jan. 15 Issued 400,000 shares of stock at $5 per share.
July 2 Issued 110,000 shares of stock for land. The land had an asking price of $800,000. The stock is currently selling on a national exchange at $6 per share.
Sept. 5 Purchased 12,000 shares of common stock for the treasury at $7 per share.
Dec. 6 Sold 8,000 shares of the treasury stock at $10 per share.
Instructions
Indicate the accounts and their respective balances that are increased and/or decreased in the above transactions for Jackson Browne Corporation.
You must show your computations to receive full credit.
Problem 2 (12 Points)
The following items were shown on the balance sheet of ELO Corporation on December 31, 2021:
Stockholders’ equity
Paid-in capital
Capital stock
Common stock, $6 par value, 800,000 shares
authorized; ______ shares issued and ______ outstanding $3,000,000
Additional paid-in capital
In excess of par
1,500,000
Total paid-in capital 4,500,000
Retained earnings
1,850,000
Total paid-in capital and retained earnings 6,350,000
Less: Treasury stock (10,000 shares)
50,000
Total stockholders’ equity
$6,300,000
Instructions
Complete the following statements and
show your computations.
(a) The number of shares of common stock issued was _______________.
(b) The number of shares of common stock outstanding was ____________.
(c) The total sales price of the common stock when issued was $____________.
(d) The cost per share of the treasury stock was $_______________.
(e) The average issue price of the common stock was $______________.
(f) Assuming that 25% of the treasury stock is sold at $8 per share, the balance in the Treasury Stock account would be $_______________.
Problem 3 (10 Points)
Journey Company had the following transactions involving notes payable.
October 1, 2021 Borrows $300,000 from Washington State Bank by signing a 6-month, 4% note.
Dec. 31, 2021 prepares the adjusting entry.
April 1, 2022 Pays principal and interest to Washington State Bank.
Instructions
Indicate the accounts and their respective balances that are increased and/or decreased for each of the above transactions.
You must show all your calculations to receive full credit.
Problem 4 (18 Points)
Turner Inc. is considering two alternatives to finance its construction of a new $6 million plant.
(a) Issuance of 600,000 shares of common stock at the market price of $10 per share.
(b) Issuance of $6 million, 4% bonds at par.
Instructions
Complete the following table.
You MUST show your work to receive full credit.
Issue StockIssue Bond.
Primary Task Response Within the Discussion Board area, write 350.docxLacieKlineeb
Primary Task Response:
Within the Discussion Board area, write 350–450 words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas.
Additional Information:
Eddison Electronic Company (EEC) provides electricity for several states in the United States. You have been employed as a cost accountant at this organization. You have recently hired Susan Thompson, who has experience with financial accounting. Financial accounting includes preparing journal entries that provide a record of the day-to-day activities of the company and preparing financial statements, such as an income statement, a statement of owners’ equity balance sheet, and a cash flow statement. Although Susan has experience with and fully understands financial accounting, she has no experience with managerial accounting.
With your fellow classmates, please discuss what Susan should know about managerial accounting.
Explain the similarities and differences between financial and managerial accounting.
Provide examples of the reports used for financial reporting and how those reports differ from managerial accounting reports.
Determine how managers might use accounting information for planning and controlling purposes.
.
Principles of Scientific Management, Frederick Winslow Taylor .docxLacieKlineeb
Principles of Scientific Management, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911)
Introduction
PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT, in his address to the Governors at the White House,
prophetically remarked that “The conservation of our national resources is only preliminary to
the larger question of national efficiency.”
The whole country at once recognized the importance of conserving our material
resources and a large movement has been started which will be effective in accomplishing this
object. As yet, however, we have but vaguely appreciated the importance of “the larger question
of increasing our national efficiency.”
We can see our forests vanishing, our water-powers going to waste, our soil being carried
by floods into the sea; and the end of our coal and our iron is in sight. But our larger wastes of
human effort, which go on every day through such of our acts as are blundering, ill-directed; or
inefficient, and which Mr. Roosevelt refers to as a lack of “national efficiency,” are less visible,
less tangible, and are but vaguely appreciated.
We can see and feel the waste of material things. Awkward, inefficient, or ill-directed
movements of men, however, leave nothing visible or tangible behind them. Their appreciation
calls for an act of memory, an effort of the imagination. And for this reason, even though our
daily loss from this source is greater than from our waste of material things, the one has stirred
us deeply, while the other has moved us but little.
As yet there has been no public agitation for “greater national efficiency,” no meetings
have been called to consider how this is to be brought about. And still there are signs that the
need for greater efficiency is widely felt.
The search for better, for more competent men, from the presidents of our great
companies down to our household servants, was never more vigorous than it is now. And more
than ever before is the demand for competent men in excess of the supply.
What we are all looking for, however, is the readymade, competent man; the man whom
some one else has trained. It is only when we fully realize that our duty, as well as our
opportunity, lies in systematically cooperating to train and to make this competent man, instead
of in hunting for a man whom some one else has trained, that we shall be on the road to national
efficiency.
In the past the prevailing idea has been well expressed in the saying that “Captains of
industry are born, not made”; and the theory has been that if one could get the right man,
methods could be safely left to him. In the future it will be appreciated that our leaders must be
trained right as well as born right, and that no great man can (with the old system of personal
management) hope to compete with a number of ordinary men who have been properly
organized so as efficiently to cooperate.
In the past the man has been first; in the future the system must be first. This in no sense,
.
Printed by [email protected] Printing is for personal, privat.docxLacieKlineeb
Printed by: [email protected] Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be
reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.
Printed by: [email protected] Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be
reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.
Printed by: [email protected] Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be
reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.
Printed by: [email protected] Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be
reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.
Printed by: [email protected] Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be
reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.
Printed by: [email protected] Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be
reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.
Printed by: [email protected] Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be
reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.
Due Date: 11:59 pm EST Sunday of Unit 4
Points: 100
Overview:
In this assignment, you will review Case Study #12: SpaceX. This case describes Elon
Musk’s unique approach to strategy when creating SpaceX. Think about the types of
strategies from chapters 5 and 6 that Elon Musk utilized.
Instructions:
You will need to review the case study in your textbook, then answer the following
questions utilizing topics covered in previous chapters.
• What were Elon Musk’s motives for creating SpaceX? How do these motives
influence the kinds of decisions he made in creating the firm?
• Thinking about Musk’s prior experiences, capabilities, and motives, what do you
think are his strengths and weaknesses in creating SpaceX?
• What did SpaceX do differently from other space companies?
• Discuss whether you believe the incumbent space companies will adopt
elements of SpaceX’s model (be specific about which). Do you think the
incumbents will survive? Do you believe Jeff Bezos’s Blue Origin is a significant
threat?
Requirements:
• Submit a two-three page Word document covering the elements of the
assignment.
• Develop a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. Use paragraph format and
transitions.
• Focus on the quality of writing and content.
• Use APA format with a title page, in-text citations, and references. Abstract is not
required. The title page, reference page, and appendices are excluded in page
length requirement.
• Research and cite at least two credible sources in APA format.
Be sure to read the criteria below.
Primary Care Integration in Rural AreasA Community-Focused .docxLacieKlineeb
Primary Care Integration in Rural Areas:
A Community-Focused Approach
Emily M. Selby-Nelson, PsyD
Cabin Creek Health Systems, Charleston,
West Virginia
Joshua M. Bradley, PsyD
Tri-Area Community Health, Laurel Fork, Virginia
Rebekah A. Schiefer, MSW
Oregon Health & Science University
Alysia Hoover-Thompson, PsyD
Stone Mountain Health Services,
Jonesville, Virginia
Current and developing models of integrated behavioral health service delivery have
proven successful for the general population; however, these approaches may not
sufficiently address the unique needs of individuals living in rural and remote areas. For
all communities to benefit from the opportunities that the current trend toward inte-
gration has provided, it is imperative that cultural and contextual factors be considered
determining features in care delivery. Rural integrated primary care practice requires
specific training, expertise, and adjustments to service delivery and intervention to best
meet the needs of rural and underserved communities. In this commentary, the authors
present trends in integrated behavioral health service delivery in rural integrated
primary care settings. Flexible and creative strategies are proposed to promote in-
creased access to integrated behavioral health services, while simultaneously address-
ing patient care needs that arise as a result of the barriers to treatment that are prevalent
in rural communities.
Keywords: integrated behavioral health, integrated primary care, rural, rural health
The need for integrated health care is well
documented. Nearly 70% of primary care ap-
pointments include issues associated with psy-
chosocial factors (Gatchel & Oordt, 2003).
Many patients would prefer to receive behav-
ioral health services in their primary care pro-
vider’s office, as opposed to a specialty mental
health setting (Lang, 2005). Patients in primary
care offices are also more likely to follow
through with a behavioral health referral when
that service is provided in the same office (Slay
& McCleod, 1997). Overall, integrated behav-
ioral health services have been shown to suc-
cessfully enhance health care services and yield
improvements in medical and behavioral health
conditions (Kwan & Nease, 2013).
Integrated care models may be especially im-
pactful in areas where access to specialty care is
limited, such as rural communities. However, a
discussion of the adjustments warranted when
developing integrated behavioral health ser-
vices in rural practice settings is all but absent in
the literature. Significant treatment needs in ru-
ral areas, combined with poor availability of
referral-based services in rural communities, re-
quire effective integrated primary care (IPC) to
be provided in a flexible, patient-tailored, and
community-focused manner. In this paper, we
aim to outline the special considerations neces-
sary for conducting IPC in rural communities
wherein behavioral health providers (BHPs)
may struggle to balance in.
PrepareStep 1 Prepare a shortened version of your Final Pape.docxLacieKlineeb
Prepare:
Step 1: Prepare a shortened version of your Final Paper (at least four pages) by including the following:
Introduction paragraph and thesis statement you developed for your Week 3 Assignment.
Background information of the global societal issue you have chosen.
Brief argument supporting at least two solutions to the global societal issue.
Conclusion paragraph.
Must document any information used from at least five scholarly sources in APA style as outlined in the University of Arizona Global Campus Writing Center’s Citing Within Your PaperLinks to an external site. Note that you will need at least eight scholarly sources for your Final Paper in Week 5.
Final paper
Write: This Final Paper, an argumentative essay, will present research relating the critical thinker to the modern, globalized world. In this assignment, you need to address the items below in separate sections with new headings for each.
In your paper,
Identify the global societal problem within the introductory paragraph.
Conclude with a thesis statement that states your proposed solutions to the problem. (For guidance on how to construct a good introduction paragraph, please review the Introductions & ConclusionsLinks to an external site. from the University of Arizona Global Campus Writing CenterLinks to an external site..)
Describe background information on how that problem developed or came into existence.
Show why this is a societal problem.
Provide perspectives from multiple disciplines or populations so that you fully represent what different parts of society have to say about this issue.
Construct an argument supporting your proposed solutions, considering multiple disciplines or populations so that your solution shows that multiple parts of society will benefit from this solution.
Provide evidence from multiple scholarly sources as evidence that your proposed solution is viable.
Interpret statistical data from at least three peer-reviewed scholarly sources within your argument.
Discuss the validity, reliability, and any biases.
Identify the strengths and weaknesses of these sources, pointing out limitations of current research and attempting to indicate areas for future research. (You may even use visual representations such as graphs or charts to explain statistics from sources.)
Evaluate the ethical outcomes that result from your solution.
Provide at least one positive ethical outcome as well as at least one negative ethical outcome that could result from your solution.
Explain at least two ethical issues related to each of those outcomes. (It is important to consider all of society.)
Develop a conclusion for the last paragraphs of the essay, starting with rephrasing your thesis statement and then presenting the major points of the topic and how they support your argument. (For guidance on how to write a good conclusion paragraph, please review the Introductions & ConclusionsLinks to an external site. from the University of Arizona Global Campus Writing Cente.
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Strategy and Ope.docxLacieKlineeb
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University
Strategy and Operations Consulting Seminar: Open Cases
October 2022
Case 1: Supply Chain Optimization in the Dairy Sector 3
▪ Context
▪ Data to consider
▪ Questions to solve
Case 2: Business Case for an Investment Opportunity in Real Estate 18
Case 3: Financial Valuation for a Renewable Energy Start-up 22
Annex 31
2PNU – Strategy and Operations Consulting Seminar
INDEX
An important group in the dairy sector of the Basque Country. “Lácteos SA”. carries
out the distribution of all kinds of food products to the different distribution
channels: Food and HORECA
FOOD DRY SMOOTHIES BEVERAGES
DERIVATIVES SWEET SAUSAGES
MILK MILK POWDER SINGLE DOSE
CHEESES WITHOUT
LACTOSE YOGURT
product familiesmain channels
Total References: 510
29,4%
7,2% 4,8%
22,2%
35,6%
0,8%
0,0%
10,0%
20,0%
30,0%
40,0%
50,0%
Frío Seco Din
41,4%
58,6%
Kaiku
Km0
Food
HORECA
References
(in number of references)
Open case 1. Context
PNU – Strategy and Operations Consulting Seminar 3
own
product
external
product
Cold Dry
I
The current flow of the distribution process of Lácteos SA entails the passage
of most of the product through the central platform located in Jundiz (Basque
Country)
From there it is distributed to Food customers. and the Horeca channel (food service) both directly and through its
delegations.
Location of delegations
Biscay
Gipuzkoa
Araba-Jundiz
Navarre
Cantabria
Rioja Barcelona
Zaragoza
Valencia
Madrid
Current Flow of the Distribution Process
Other Manufacturers/
external suppliers
Central
platform
Jundiz
Food
Horeca Channel
Delegations
Manufacturers/
Suppliers own self
of Lácteos SA
PNU – Strategy and Operations Consulting Seminar 4
Open case 1. Context
Central platform
Jundiz
The current network of Lácteos SA has 64 origins and 1.120
destinations of the Jundiz platform
64 Origins 1.120 destinations664.316 lines prepared
48.636 orders prepared
560 Food destinations
550 Horeca destinations
10 Delegations
Own factories of
Lácteos SA
5
15 own suppliers of
Lácteos SA
45 external suppliers
PNU – Strategy and Operations Consulting Seminar 5
Open case 1. Context
PNU – Strategy and Operations Consulting Seminar 6
In this background, the client requests…
Project Objectives
… to carry out a diagnosis of the current logistics model to carry out the appropriate network design
for current and future market demand, considering the possibility of separating or outsourcing certain
channels
▪ Dimensioning of the network from the production centres and external suppliers to the distribution carried out from
the distribution centre of Jundiz
▪ Distribution system sizing. current scenario vs. other possible scenarios
▪ Cost evaluation of scenarios based on ratios available by Lácteos SA: cost €/km by type of vehicle. cost €/m2 of
warehouse by location…
Open case 1. Context
PNU – Strategy and Operations Consulting Seminar 7
In o.
Primary Care Interventions for Prevention and Cessation of Tob.docxLacieKlineeb
Primary Care Interventions for Prevention and Cessation of Tobacco Use
in Children and Adolescents
US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
US Preventive Services Task Force
Summary of Recommendations
The USPSTF recommends that primary care clinicians provide interventions, including education or
brief counseling, to prevent initiation of tobacco use among school-aged children and adolescents. B
The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and
harms of primary care–feasible interventions for the cessation of tobacco use among school-aged
children and adolescents.
I
See the Figure for a more detailed summary of the recommendation for clinicians. See the Practice Considerations section for more information on effective
interventions to prevent initiation of tobacco use and for suggestions for practice regarding the I statement. USPSTF indicates US Preventive Services Task Force.
IMPORTANCE Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the US. An estimated
annual 480 000 deaths are attributable to tobacco use in adults, including from secondhand
smoke. It is estimated that every day about 1600 youth aged 12 to 17 years smoke their first
cigarette and that about 5.6 million adolescents alive today will die prematurely from a
smoking-related illness. Although conventional cigarette use has gradually declined among
children in the US since the late 1990s, tobacco use via electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is
quickly rising and is now more common among youth than cigarette smoking. e-Cigarette
products usually contain nicotine, which is addictive, raising concerns about e-cigarette use
and nicotine addiction in children. Exposure to nicotine during adolescence can harm the
developing brain, which may affect brain function and cognition, attention, and mood; thus,
minimizing nicotine exposure from any tobacco product in youth is important.
OBJECTIVE To update its 2013 recommendation, the USPSTF commissioned a review of the
evidence on the benefits and harms of primary care interventions for tobacco use prevention
and cessation in children and adolescents. The current systematic review newly included
e-cigarettes as a tobacco product.
POPULATION This recommendation applies to school-aged children and adolescents younger
than 18 years.
EVIDENCE ASSESSMENT The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that primary
care–feasible behavioral interventions, including education or brief counseling, to prevent
tobacco use in school-aged children and adolescents have a moderate net benefit. The
USPSTF concludes that there is insufficient evidence to determine the balance of benefits
and harms of primary care interventions for tobacco cessation among school-aged children
and adolescents who already smoke, because of a lack of adequately powered studies on
behavioral counseling interventions and a lack of studies on medications.
RECOMMENDATION The USPSTF recommends that.
Presentation given in 2 separate PP documents as example.8-10 .docxLacieKlineeb
Presentation given in 2 separate PP documents as example.
8-10 slides on PowerPoint Topic (Cover Page and Reference Page EXCLUDED)
Topic: Post Partum Hemorrhage PPH Note: I have the content
Must use 2-3 scholarly articles from LEARN (Given when Bid accepted)
2-3 in-text APA Citations (Citationmachine.net)
Turn In It score MUST be less than 20%
Slides must include
Etiology,
Nursing Interventions,
Patient Education,
Treatment (if applicable).
Link a video in the last page as reference
First PP colors and presentation on file
Second PP given with the content
.
Prepare a PowerPoint presentation (8 slides minimum) that presents a.docxLacieKlineeb
Prepare a PowerPoint presentation (8 slides minimum) that presents a synopsis of an article from a peer- reviewed academic journal. The article should focus on "organizational leadership topic". The article needs to have been published within the past 10 years.
You are ONLY supposed to review ONE article which is related to organizational leadership.
.
PRAISE FOR CRUCIAL CONVERSATIONS Relationships ar.docxLacieKlineeb
PRAISE FOR CRUCIAL CONVERSATIONS
"Relationships are the priority of life, and conversations are the
crucial element in profound caring of relationships. This book
helps us to think about what we really want to say. If you want
to succeed in both talking and listening, read this book."
-Dr. Lloyd J. Ogilvie, chaplain, United States Senate
"Important, lucid, and practical, Crucial Conversations is a
book that will make a difference in your life. Learn how to flour
ish in every difficult situation."
-Robert E. Quinn, ME Tracy Collegiate Professor of
OBHRM, University of Michigan Business School
"I was personally and professionally inspired by this book-and
I'm not easily impressed. In the fast-paced world of IT, the success
of our systems, and our business, depends on crucial conversations
we have every day. Unfortunately, because our environment is so
technical, far too often we forget about the 'human systems' that
make or break us. These skills are the missing foundation piece."
-Maureen Burke, manager of training,
Coca-Cola Enterprises, Inc.
"The book is compelling. Yes, I found myself in too many of their
examples of what not to do when caught in these worst-of-all
worlds situations! GET THIS BOOK, WHIP OUT A PEN AND
GET READY TO SCRIBBLE MARGIN NOTES FURIOUSLY,
AND PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE THE INVALUABLE
TOOLS THESE AUTHORS PRESENT. I know I did-and it
helped me salvage several difficult situations and repair my
damaged self-esteem in others. I will need another copy pretty
soon. as I'm wearing out the pages in this one!"
-James Belasco. best-selling author of Flight of the Buffalo,
l!l1trl!prl!l1eur. professor. und l!xl!cutive director of the Financial
Tilllrs Knowkdgc Diuloguc
"Crucial Conversations is the most useful self-help book I have
ever read. I'm awed by how insightful, readable, well organized,
and focused it is. I keep thinking: 'If only I had been exposed to
these dialogue skills 30 years ago ... '"
-John Hatch, founder, FINCA International
"One of the greatest tragedies is seeing someone with incredible
talent get derailed because he or she lacks some basic skills.
Crucial Conversations addresses the number one reason execu
tives derail, and it provides extremely helpful tools to operate in
a fast-paced, results-oriented environment."
-Karie A. Willyerd, chief talent officer, Solectron
"The book prescribes, with structure and wit, a way to improve on
the most fundamental element of organizational learning and
growth-honest, unencumbered dialogue between individuals.
There are one or two of the many leadership/management
'thought' books on my shelf that are frayed and dog-eared from
use. Crucial Conversations will no doubt end up in the same con
dition."
-John Gill, VP of Human Resources, Rolls Royce USA
Crucial
Conversations
Crucial
Conversations
Tools for Talking
When Stakes Are High
by
Kerry Patterson, .
Porwerpoint The steps recommended for efficiently developing an ef.docxLacieKlineeb
Porwerpoint : The steps recommended for efficiently developing an effective and consistent PowerPoint presentation include: 1.planning, 2.entering content, 3.editing, 4.formatting, 5.previewing, and 6.delivering (e.g. print, email, publish). Identify a key consideration one should make when planning a PowerPoint presentation? Describe the differences between building slide shows from blank presentations, themes, and templates. Discuss how PowerPoint presentations can be used both professionally and personally.
100 words minimum
.
Prepare a 2-page interprofessional staff update on HIPAA and appro.docxLacieKlineeb
Prepare a 2-page interprofessional staff update on HIPAA and appropriate social media use in health care.
Introduction
As you begin to consider the assessment, it would be an excellent choice to complete the Breach of Protected Health Information (PHI) activity. The activity will support your success with the assessment by creating the opportunity for you to test your knowledge of potential privacy, security, and confidentiality violations of protected health information. The activity is not graded and counts towards course engagement.
Health professionals today are increasingly accountable for the use of protected health information (PHI). Various government and regulatory agencies promote and support privacy and security through a variety of activities. Examples include:
· Meaningful use of electronic health records (EHR).
· Provision of EHR incentive programs through Medicare and Medicaid.
· Enforcement of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) rules.
· Release of educational resources and tools to help providers and hospitals address privacy, security, and confidentiality risks in their practices.
Technological advances, such as the use of social media platforms and applications for patient progress tracking and communication, have provided more access to health information and improved communication between care providers and patients.
At the same time, advances such as these have resulted in more risk for protecting PHI. Nurses typically receive annual training on protecting patient information in their everyday practice. This training usually emphasizes privacy, security, and confidentiality best practices such as:
· Keeping passwords secure.
· Logging out of public computers.
· Sharing patient information only with those directly providing care or who have been granted permission to receive this information.
Today, one of the major risks associated with privacy and confidentiality of patient identity and data relates to social media. Many nurses and other health care providers place themselves at risk when they use social media or other electronic communication systems inappropriately. For example, a Texas nurse was recently terminated for posting patient vaccination information on Facebook. In another case, a New York nurse was terminated for posting an insensitive emergency department photo on her Instagram account.
Health care providers today must develop their skills in mitigating risks to their patients and themselves related to patient information. At the same time, they need to be able distinguish between effective and ineffective uses of social media in health care.
This assessment will require you to develop a staff update for the interprofessional team to encourage team members to protect the privacy, confidentiality, and security of patient information.
Preparation
To successfully prepare to complete this assessment, complete the following:
· Review the infographics on protecting PHI provided in the.
post 5-7 Sentences of a response to the Discovery Board Whic.docxLacieKlineeb
post 5-7 Sentences of a response to the Discovery Board
Which group of Jews was most similar to Jesus of Nazareth? Why?
the group is Pharisees
Grading Rubric for ALL Discussions
Accurate use of English including careful documentation (including ability to paraphrase and use quotations). 5 pts
Accurate and complete reflection of material read for assignment. 5 pts
must be original work
check for spelling
.
Polk County DFCS Services OfferedDFCS offers a vari.docxLacieKlineeb
Polk County DFCS
Services Offered:
DFCS offers a variety of services for the children and parents which include:
Obverse behavioral aids
Parenting aids
Free day care/after school
Adoption
Foster Care
Counseling and many other services to help the needs of families.
Mission of DFCS:
The mission of DFCS is to access the well being and permanency of children. We strive to build stronger families and communities.
Clientele or Population Served:
There is no certain criteria or population served as anything can happen at any moment where your child may potentially have to be removed from your home. Often, it is families with low incomes which can sometimes result to not having the resources to provide for their children.
Job Activities/Professional Roles:
As a social worker I’m always accessing and making sure the children are safe in their home.
Required to see children and families once a month but she sees her families many times throughout the month to build a relationship with them by attending events they me involved in.
The social worker I interviewed is in the foster care unit so her main purpose is finding permanent placement for the children if they unfortunately will not be reunited with their biological parents.
Working close with parents to ensure they complete their case plans in order to get their children back in their home.
Why Social Work?
In high school and while in college, she mainly worked in retail positions. She always knew that she wanted to be a social worker or counselor. She has a passion to help people in need as well as a love of working with kids. It is a rewarding profession once a child/children are in their forever homes or reunited with their families.
Opportunities for Advancement/Professional Development:
There are many chances in moving up in this profession. There’s many different roles you can indulge in but still be a help to the families as well as the community. For example, becoming a Supervisor, Trainer, Administrator, etc.
For professional development, all staff have opportunities to learn new/updated rules/regulations as it refers to the job and what they do daily. For example, there would be new training on ethics, HIPAA, certain protocols, court hearings, etc.)
She also asks her supervisor/directors for critique often to see how she can be more effective in her career.
Self Care:
A couple of strategies she learned is first to UNPLUG!
When you get home, unplug from work; unplug from your work your devices (unless you are on-call).
Do not check emails, calls, texts, etc. it is very hard to do, but that is how you start to experience burn out if you are constantly on the move and never just taking a break.
If she is not on call once she gets home, she turns her phone off (weekends as well) You have to set boundaries or people will take advantage of you and your time. Spend time with your friends, family, do what you like to do in order to have a balance.
Job Satisfaction.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Prevalence Of Pressure Ulcer Name xxxUnited State Universit.docx
1. Prevalence Of Pressure Ulcer
Name xxx
United State University
Course xxxx
Professor xxxx
The Prevalence of Pressure Ulcer Among The Elderly And
Decreased Mobility Patients in The Hospitals And Healthcare
Facilities.
Abstract
Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers remain to be amongst
the continuous and persistent healthcare issues that are affecting
the delivery of quality healthcare services. Pressure ulcers or
pressure sores or bedsores refer to the injuries of the skin and
the underlying tissues that are mainly caused by the prolonged
pressure on the skin. According to the National Health Service,
these conditions are common in individuals who are bedridden
or are sitting on wheelchairs and chairs for an extended period.
The disease occurs on the body parts that are commonly
exposed to the pressure for example the spine, hips, elbows, and
heels. The issue of pressure ulcers is a major public health
concern since it consumes large sums of money to address the
problem (Grey et al., 2016). On average, a client is being
charged $ 37,800 for extreme cases of pressure ulcers.
This study aims to implement certain method to
prevent pressure ulcers among the elderly above 60 years and
decreased mobility patients in the hospital and healthcare
facilities through the use of Braden scale, applying mepilex
foam dressing to bony prominence areas, and repositioning.
Patients especially elderly adults are experiencing lengthy
hospital stays and this is exposing them to the high risk of
2. pressure ulcers. According to Rondinelli et al (2018), several
factors are linked to pressure ulcers. These multi-factorial
factors involve hormonal changes, impairment of blood
perfusion, inflammation, degenerative changes, and reduction in
the effectiveness of immunity. The majority of elderly patients
suffer from frailty and other chronic diseases that reduce their
ability to engage in daily activities (ADLs) and even
experiences limited movements. This increases their level of
exposure to hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI). This is a
health concern that requires the development of effective
evidence-based interventions to help in the creation of
awareness concerning therapy and preventive approaches such
as the application of the Braden Scale to help in detecting the
risks of adult patients. It is also important to design approaches
that are helpful in the protection of the bony regions using pads
and repositioning of the patients after every 2 hours (Lyder &
Ayello, 2018).
Many healthcare facilities have attempted to design
effective evidence-based interventions but the issue of
healthcare-acquired pressure ulcers continued to persist. Despite
the increased efforts to implement evidence-based procedures to
guide the nurses in reducing the pressure ulcers issue within the
acute care facilities, the number of reported cases of pressure
ulcers continues to be a major issue (Grey et al., 2016). The
majority of healthcare facilities are facing huge issues
associated with hospital-acquired pressure ulcers. This leads to
increased medication costs for both the country, the institutions,
and patients. This, therefore, is an indication of the need to
ensure that there are effective interventions approaches to assist
in the reduction of the huge problems encountered in an attempt
to reduce the incidences of pressure ulcers. Some of the
evidence-based interventions that have been proposed include
the Braden Scale, the repositioning of the patients, and the use
of the mepilex dressing on the bony regions of the body (Lyder
& Ayello, 2018).
3. References
Grey, J. E., Harding, K. G., & Enoch, S. (2016). Pressure
ulcers. BMJ, 332(7539), 472-475.
impact of nurse staffing on pressure ulcer incidence. Journal of
nursing management.
Lyder, C. H., & Ayello, E. A. (2018). Pressure ulcers: a patient
safety issue. In-patient safety and quality: An evidence-based
handbook for nurses. Agency for Healthcare Research and
Quality (US).
Rondinelli, J., Zuniga, S., Kipnis, P., Kawar, L.N., Liu, V.,
Escobar, G.J. (2018). Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injury Risk-
Adjusted Comparisons in an Integrated Healthcare Delivery
System. Nurs Res., 67(1), 16-25.
doi:10.1097/NNR.0000000000000258
apex_cpu_pipeline_simulator.zip
apex_cpu_pipeline_simulator/apex_macros.h
/*
* apex_macros.h
* Contains APEX cpu pipeline macros
*
4. * Author:
* Copyright (c) 2020, Gaurav Kothari ([email protected])
* State University of New York at Binghamton
*/
#ifndef _MACROS_H_
#define _MACROS_H_
#define FALSE 0x0
#define TRUE 0x1
/* Integers */
#define DATA_MEMORY_SIZE 4096
/* Size of integer register file */
#define REG_FILE_SIZE 16
/* Numeric OPCODE identifiers for instructions */
#define OPCODE_ADD 0x0
#define OPCODE_SUB 0x1
#define OPCODE_MUL 0x2
#define OPCODE_DIV 0x3
#define OPCODE_AND 0x4
#define OPCODE_OR 0x5
#define OPCODE_XOR 0x6
#define OPCODE_MOVC 0x7
#define OPCODE_LOAD 0x8
#define OPCODE_STORE 0x9
#define OPCODE_BZ 0xa
#define OPCODE_BNZ 0xb
#define OPCODE_HALT 0xc
/* Set this flag to 1 to enable debug messages */
#define ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES 1
/* Set this flag to 1 to enable cycle single-step mode */
#define ENABLE_SINGLE_STEP 1
5. #endif
__MACOSX/apex_cpu_pipeline_simulator/._apex_macros.h
apex_cpu_pipeline_simulator/Makefile
#
# Makefile
#
# Author:
# Copyright (c) 2020, Gaurav Kothari ([email protected])
# State University of New York at Binghamton
# Enables debug messages while compiling
[email protected]
VERSION=2.0
# Compile and Link flags, libraries
CC=$(CROSS_PREFIX)gcc
CFLAGS= -g -Wall -O0 -DVERSION=$(VERSION)
LDFLAGS=
LIBS=
PROGS= apex_sim
all: clean $(PROGS)
# Add all object files to be linked in sequence
APEX_OBJS:=file_parser.o apex_cpu.o main.o
apex_sim: $(APEX_OBJS)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o [email protected] $^ $(LIBS)
%.o: %.c
$(COMPILE_DEBUG)$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o
6. [email protected] $<
$(COMPILE_DEBUG)echo "CC $<"
clean:
rm -f *.o *.d *~ $(PROGS)
__MACOSX/apex_cpu_pipeline_simulator/._Makefile
apex_cpu_pipeline_simulator/apex_cpu.h
/*
* apex_cpu.h
* Contains APEX cpu pipeline declarations
*
* Author:
* Copyright (c) 2020, Gaurav Kothari ([email protected])
* State University of New York at Binghamton
*/
#ifndef _APEX_CPU_H_
#define _APEX_CPU_H_
#include "apex_macros.h"
/* Format of an APEX instruction */
typedef struct APEX_Instruction
{
char opcode_str[128];
int opcode;
int rd;
int rs1;
int rs2;
int imm;
} APEX_Instruction;
/* Model of CPU stage latch */
typedef struct CPU_Stage
{
7. int pc;
char opcode_str[128];
int opcode;
int rs1;
int rs2;
int rd;
int imm;
int rs1_value;
int rs2_value;
int result_buffer;
int memory_address;
int has_insn;
} CPU_Stage;
/* Model of APEX CPU */
typedef struct APEX_CPU
{
int pc; /* Current program counter */
int clock; /* Clock cycles elapsed */
int insn_completed; /* Instructions retired */
int regs[REG_FILE_SIZE]; /* Integer register file */
int code_memory_size; /* Number of instruction in the
input file */
APEX_Instruction *code_memory; /* Code Memory */
int data_memory[DATA_MEMORY_SIZE]; /* Data Memory
*/
int single_step; /* Wait for user input after every
cycle */
int zero_flag; /* {TRUE, FALSE} Used by BZ and
BNZ to branch */
int fetch_from_next_cycle;
/* Pipeline stages */
CPU_Stage fetch;
CPU_Stage decode;
CPU_Stage execute;
8. CPU_Stage memory;
CPU_Stage writeback;
} APEX_CPU;
APEX_Instruction *create_code_memory(const char *filename,
int *size);
APEX_CPU *APEX_cpu_init(const char *filename);
void APEX_cpu_run(APEX_CPU *cpu);
void APEX_cpu_stop(APEX_CPU *cpu);
#endif
__MACOSX/apex_cpu_pipeline_simulator/._apex_cpu.h
apex_cpu_pipeline_simulator/README.md
# APEX Pipeline Simulator v2.0
A template for 5 Stage APEX In-order Pipeline
## Notes:
- This code is a simple implementation template of a working
5-Stage APEX In-order Pipeline
- Implementation is in `C` language
- Stages: Fetch -> Decode -> Execute -> Memory -> Writeback
- You can read, modify and build upon given code-base to add
other features as required in project description
- You are also free to write your own implementation from
scratch
- All the stages have latency of one cycle
- There is a single functional unit in Execute stage which
perform all the arithmetic and logic operations
- Logic to check data dependencies has not be included
- Includes logic for `ADD`, `LOAD`, `BZ`, `BNZ`, `MOVC`
and `HALT` instructions
- On fetching `HALT` instruction, fetch stage stop fetching
new instructions
9. - When `HALT` instruction is in commit stage, simulation
stops
- You can modify the instruction semantics as per the project
description
## Files:
- `Makefile`
- `file_parser.c` - Functions to parse input file
- `apex_cpu.h` - Data structures declarations
- `apex_cpu.c` - Implementation of APEX cpu
- `apex_macros.h` - Macros used in the implementation
- `main.c` - Main function which calls APEX CPU interface
- `input.asm` - Sample input file
## How to compile and run
Go to terminal, `cd` into project directory and type:
```
make
```
Run as follows:
```
./apex_sim <input_file_name>
```
## Author
- Copyright (C) Gaurav Kothari ([email protected])
- State University of New York, Binghamton
## Bugs
- Please contact your TAs for any assistance or query
- Report bugs at: [email protected]
10. __MACOSX/apex_cpu_pipeline_simulator/._README.md
apex_cpu_pipeline_simulator/main.c
/*
* main.c
*
* Author:
* Copyright (c) 2020, Gaurav Kothari ([email protected])
* State University of New York at Binghamton
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "apex_cpu.h"
int
main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
APEX_CPU *cpu;
fprintf(stderr, "APEX CPU Pipeline Simulator v%0.1lfn",
VERSION);
if (argc != 2)
{
fprintf(stderr, "APEX_Help: Usage %s <input_file>n",
argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
cpu = APEX_cpu_init(argv[1]);
if (!cpu)
{
fprintf(stderr, "APEX_Error: Unable to initialize CPUn");
exit(1);
}
12. [email protected] APEX CPU Simulator November 2, 2020 2 / 5
Micro-architecture
Stages: Fetch → Decode → Execute → Memory → Writeback
All the stages have latency of one clock cycle
Includes logic for ADD, LOAD, BZ, BNZ and HALT
instructions
On fetching HALT instruction, fetch stage stop fetching new
instructions
When HALT instruction is in commit stage, simulation stops
Logic to check data dependencies not included
[email protected] APEX CPU Simulator November 2, 2020 3 / 5
Files
Makefile
file parser.c → Functions to parse input file, add new
instructions
apex cpu.h → Data structures declarations, model of CPU,
Pipeline
stages, code and data memory
apex cpu.c → Implementation of APEX cpu
13. apex macros.h → Macros used in the implementation
main.c → Main function which calls APEX CPU interface
input.asm → Sample input file
[email protected] APEX CPU Simulator November 2, 2020 4 / 5
How to compile and run ?
Go to terminal, cd into project directory and type:
$ make
To run:
$ ./apex_sim <input_file_name>
Report bugs at: [email protected]
[email protected] APEX CPU Simulator November 2, 2020 5 / 5
[email protected]
__MACOSX/apex_cpu_pipeline_simulator/._apex_v2.0.pdf
apex_cpu_pipeline_simulator/input.asm
MOVC R3,#27
MOVC R4,#9
HALT
__MACOSX/apex_cpu_pipeline_simulator/._input.asm
apex_cpu_pipeline_simulator/apex_cpu.c
14. /*
* apex_cpu.c
* Contains APEX cpu pipeline implementation
*
* Author:
* Copyright (c) 2020, Gaurav Kothari ([email protected])
* State University of New York at Binghamton
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "apex_cpu.h"
#include "apex_macros.h"
/* Converts the PC(4000 series) into array index for code
memory
*
* Note: You are not supposed to edit this function
*/
static int
get_code_memory_index_from_pc(const int pc)
{
return (pc - 4000) / 4;
}
static void
print_instruction(const CPU_Stage *stage)
{
switch (stage->opcode)
{
case OPCODE_ADD:
case OPCODE_SUB:
case OPCODE_MUL:
case OPCODE_DIV:
case OPCODE_AND:
15. case OPCODE_OR:
case OPCODE_XOR:
{
printf("%s,R%d,R%d,R%d ", stage->opcode_str, stage-
>rd, stage->rs1,
stage->rs2);
break;
}
case OPCODE_MOVC:
{
printf("%s,R%d,#%d ", stage->opcode_str, stage->rd,
stage->imm);
break;
}
case OPCODE_LOAD:
{
printf("%s,R%d,R%d,#%d ", stage->opcode_str, stage-
>rd, stage->rs1,
stage->imm);
break;
}
case OPCODE_STORE:
{
printf("%s,R%d,R%d,#%d ", stage->opcode_str, stage-
>rs1, stage->rs2,
stage->imm);
break;
}
case OPCODE_BZ:
case OPCODE_BNZ:
{
printf("%s,#%d ", stage->opcode_str, stage->imm);
16. break;
}
case OPCODE_HALT:
{
printf("%s", stage->opcode_str);
break;
}
}
}
/* Debug function which prints the CPU stage content
*
* Note: You can edit this function to print in more detail
*/
static void
print_stage_content(const char *name, const CPU_Stage *stage)
{
printf("%-15s: pc(%d) ", name, stage->pc);
print_instruction(stage);
printf("n");
}
/* Debug function which prints the register file
*
* Note: You are not supposed to edit this function
*/
static void
print_reg_file(const APEX_CPU *cpu)
{
int i;
printf("----------n%sn----------n", "Registers:");
for (int i = 0; i < REG_FILE_SIZE / 2; ++i)
{
17. printf("R%-3d[%-3d] ", i, cpu->regs[i]);
}
printf("n");
for (i = (REG_FILE_SIZE / 2); i < REG_FILE_SIZE; ++i)
{
printf("R%-3d[%-3d] ", i, cpu->regs[i]);
}
printf("n");
}
/*
* Fetch Stage of APEX Pipeline
*
* Note: You are free to edit this function according to your
implementation
*/
static void
APEX_fetch(APEX_CPU *cpu)
{
APEX_Instruction *current_ins;
if (cpu->fetch.has_insn)
{
/* This fetches new branch target instruction from next
cycle */
if (cpu->fetch_from_next_cycle == TRUE)
{
cpu->fetch_from_next_cycle = FALSE;
/* Skip this cycle*/
return;
}
18. /* Store current PC in fetch latch */
cpu->fetch.pc = cpu->pc;
/* Index into code memory using this pc and copy all
instruction fields
* into fetch latch */
current_ins = &cpu-
>code_memory[get_code_memory_index_from_pc(cpu->pc)];
strcpy(cpu->fetch.opcode_str, current_ins->opcode_str);
cpu->fetch.opcode = current_ins->opcode;
cpu->fetch.rd = current_ins->rd;
cpu->fetch.rs1 = current_ins->rs1;
cpu->fetch.rs2 = current_ins->rs2;
cpu->fetch.imm = current_ins->imm;
/* Update PC for next instruction */
cpu->pc += 4;
/* Copy data from fetch latch to decode latch*/
cpu->decode = cpu->fetch;
if (ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES)
{
print_stage_content("Fetch", &cpu->fetch);
}
/* Stop fetching new instructions if HALT is fetched */
if (cpu->fetch.opcode == OPCODE_HALT)
{
cpu->fetch.has_insn = FALSE;
}
}
}
/*
* Decode Stage of APEX Pipeline
19. *
* Note: You are free to edit this function according to your
implementation
*/
static void
APEX_decode(APEX_CPU *cpu)
{
if (cpu->decode.has_insn)
{
/* Read operands from register file based on the
instruction type */
switch (cpu->decode.opcode)
{
case OPCODE_ADD:
{
cpu->decode.rs1_value = cpu->regs[cpu-
>decode.rs1];
cpu->decode.rs2_value = cpu->regs[cpu-
>decode.rs2];
break;
}
case OPCODE_LOAD:
{
cpu->decode.rs1_value = cpu->regs[cpu-
>decode.rs1];
break;
}
case OPCODE_MOVC:
{
/* MOVC doesn't have register operands */
break;
}
}
20. /* Copy data from decode latch to execute latch*/
cpu->execute = cpu->decode;
cpu->decode.has_insn = FALSE;
if (ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES)
{
print_stage_content("Decode/RF", &cpu->decode);
}
}
}
/*
* Execute Stage of APEX Pipeline
*
* Note: You are free to edit this function according to your
implementation
*/
static void
APEX_execute(APEX_CPU *cpu)
{
if (cpu->execute.has_insn)
{
/* Execute logic based on instruction type */
switch (cpu->execute.opcode)
{
case OPCODE_ADD:
{
cpu->execute.result_buffer
= cpu->execute.rs1_value + cpu-
>execute.rs2_value;
/* Set the zero flag based on the result buffer */
if (cpu->execute.result_buffer == 0)
{
cpu->zero_flag = TRUE;
}
21. else
{
cpu->zero_flag = FALSE;
}
break;
}
case OPCODE_LOAD:
{
cpu->execute.memory_address
= cpu->execute.rs1_value + cpu->execute.imm;
break;
}
case OPCODE_BZ:
{
if (cpu->zero_flag == TRUE)
{
/* Calculate new PC, and send it to fetch unit */
cpu->pc = cpu->execute.pc + cpu->execute.imm;
/* Since we are using reverse callbacks for
pipeline stages,
* this will prevent the new instruction from being
fetched in the current cycle*/
cpu->fetch_from_next_cycle = TRUE;
/* Flush previous stages */
cpu->decode.has_insn = FALSE;
/* Make sure fetch stage is enabled to start
fetching from new PC */
cpu->fetch.has_insn = TRUE;
}
break;
}
22. case OPCODE_BNZ:
{
if (cpu->zero_flag == FALSE)
{
/* Calculate new PC, and send it to fetch unit */
cpu->pc = cpu->execute.pc + cpu->execute.imm;
/* Since we are using reverse callbacks for
pipeline stages,
* this will prevent the new instruction from being
fetched in the current cycle*/
cpu->fetch_from_next_cycle = TRUE;
/* Flush previous stages */
cpu->decode.has_insn = FALSE;
/* Make sure fetch stage is enabled to start
fetching from new PC */
cpu->fetch.has_insn = TRUE;
}
break;
}
case OPCODE_MOVC:
{
cpu->execute.result_buffer = cpu->execute.imm;
/* Set the zero flag based on the result buffer */
if (cpu->execute.result_buffer == 0)
{
cpu->zero_flag = TRUE;
}
else
{
cpu->zero_flag = FALSE;
23. }
break;
}
}
/* Copy data from execute latch to memory latch*/
cpu->memory = cpu->execute;
cpu->execute.has_insn = FALSE;
if (ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES)
{
print_stage_content("Execute", &cpu->execute);
}
}
}
/*
* Memory Stage of APEX Pipeline
*
* Note: You are free to edit this function according to your
implementation
*/
static void
APEX_memory(APEX_CPU *cpu)
{
if (cpu->memory.has_insn)
{
switch (cpu->memory.opcode)
{
case OPCODE_ADD:
{
/* No work for ADD */
break;
}
case OPCODE_LOAD:
24. {
/* Read from data memory */
cpu->memory.result_buffer
= cpu->data_memory[cpu-
>memory.memory_address];
break;
}
}
/* Copy data from memory latch to writeback latch*/
cpu->writeback = cpu->memory;
cpu->memory.has_insn = FALSE;
if (ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES)
{
print_stage_content("Memory", &cpu->memory);
}
}
}
/*
* Writeback Stage of APEX Pipeline
*
* Note: You are free to edit this function according to your
implementation
*/
static int
APEX_writeback(APEX_CPU *cpu)
{
if (cpu->writeback.has_insn)
{
/* Write result to register file based on instruction type */
switch (cpu->writeback.opcode)
{
case OPCODE_ADD:
{
26. return 0;
}
/*
* This function creates and initializes APEX cpu.
*
* Note: You are free to edit this function according to your
implementation
*/
APEX_CPU *
APEX_cpu_init(const char *filename)
{
int i;
APEX_CPU *cpu;
if (!filename)
{
return NULL;
}
cpu = calloc(1, sizeof(APEX_CPU));
if (!cpu)
{
return NULL;
}
/* Initialize PC, Registers and all pipeline stages */
cpu->pc = 4000;
memset(cpu->regs, 0, sizeof(int) * REG_FILE_SIZE);
memset(cpu->data_memory, 0, sizeof(int) *
DATA_MEMORY_SIZE);
cpu->single_step = ENABLE_SINGLE_STEP;
/* Parse input file and create code memory */
cpu->code_memory = create_code_memory(filename, &cpu-
27. >code_memory_size);
if (!cpu->code_memory)
{
free(cpu);
return NULL;
}
if (ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"APEX_CPU: Initialized APEX CPU, loaded %d
instructionsn",
cpu->code_memory_size);
fprintf(stderr, "APEX_CPU: PC initialized to %dn", cpu-
>pc);
fprintf(stderr, "APEX_CPU: Printing Code Memoryn");
printf("%-9s %-9s %-9s %-9s %-9sn", "opcode_str", "rd",
"rs1", "rs2",
"imm");
for (i = 0; i < cpu->code_memory_size; ++i)
{
printf("%-9s %-9d %-9d %-9d %-9dn", cpu-
>code_memory[i].opcode_str,
cpu->code_memory[i].rd, cpu-
>code_memory[i].rs1,
cpu->code_memory[i].rs2, cpu-
>code_memory[i].imm);
}
}
/* To start fetch stage */
cpu->fetch.has_insn = TRUE;
return cpu;
}
28. /*
* APEX CPU simulation loop
*
* Note: You are free to edit this function according to your
implementation
*/
void
APEX_cpu_run(APEX_CPU *cpu)
{
char user_prompt_val;
while (TRUE)
{
if (ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES)
{
printf("--------------------------------------------n");
printf("Clock Cycle #: %dn", cpu->clock);
printf("--------------------------------------------n");
}
if (APEX_writeback(cpu))
{
/* Halt in writeback stage */
printf("APEX_CPU: Simulation Complete, cycles = %d
instructions = %dn", cpu->clock, cpu->insn_completed);
break;
}
APEX_memory(cpu);
APEX_execute(cpu);
APEX_decode(cpu);
APEX_fetch(cpu);
print_reg_file(cpu);
if (cpu->single_step)
29. {
printf("Press any key to advance CPU Clock or <q> to
quit:n");
scanf("%c", &user_prompt_val);
if ((user_prompt_val == 'Q') || (user_prompt_val ==
'q'))
{
printf("APEX_CPU: Simulation Stopped, cycles =
%d instructions = %dn", cpu->clock, cpu->insn_completed);
break;
}
}
cpu->clock++;
}
}
/*
* This function deallocates APEX CPU.
*
* Note: You are free to edit this function according to your
implementation
*/
void
APEX_cpu_stop(APEX_CPU *cpu)
{
free(cpu->code_memory);
free(cpu);
}
__MACOSX/apex_cpu_pipeline_simulator/._apex_cpu.c
apex_cpu_pipeline_simulator/file_parser.c
/*
* file_parser.c
30. * Contains functions to parse input file and create code
memory, you can edit
* this file to add new instructions
*
* Author:
* Copyright (c) 2020, Gaurav Kothari ([email protected])
* State University of New York at Binghamton
*/
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "apex_cpu.h"
#include "apex_macros.h"
/*
* This function is related to parsing input file
*
* Note : You are not supposed to edit this function
*/
static int
get_num_from_string(const char *buffer)
{
char str[16];
int i, j = 0;
for (i = 1; buffer[i] != '0'; ++i)
{
str[j] = buffer[i];
j++;
}
str[j] = '0';
return atoi(str);
}
31. /*
* This function sets the numeric opcode to an instruction based
on string value
*
* Note : you can edit this function to add new instructions
*/
static int
set_opcode_str(const char *opcode_str)
{
if (strcmp(opcode_str, "ADD") == 0)
{
return OPCODE_ADD;
}
if (strcmp(opcode_str, "SUB") == 0)
{
return OPCODE_SUB;
}
if (strcmp(opcode_str, "MUL") == 0)
{
return OPCODE_MUL;
}
if (strcmp(opcode_str, "DIV") == 0)
{
return OPCODE_DIV;
}
if (strcmp(opcode_str, "AND") == 0)
{
return OPCODE_AND;
}
if (strcmp(opcode_str, "OR") == 0)
32. {
return OPCODE_OR;
}
if (strcmp(opcode_str, "EXOR") == 0)
{
return OPCODE_XOR;
}
if (strcmp(opcode_str, "MOVC") == 0)
{
return OPCODE_MOVC;
}
if (strcmp(opcode_str, "LOAD") == 0)
{
return OPCODE_LOAD;
}
if (strcmp(opcode_str, "STORE") == 0)
{
return OPCODE_STORE;
}
if (strcmp(opcode_str, "BZ") == 0)
{
return OPCODE_BZ;
}
if (strcmp(opcode_str, "BNZ") == 0)
{
return OPCODE_BNZ;
}
if (strcmp(opcode_str, "HALT") == 0)
{
33. return OPCODE_HALT;
}
assert(0 && "Invalid opcode");
return 0;
}
static void
split_opcode_from_insn_string(char *buffer, char
tokens[2][128])
{
int token_num = 0;
char *token = strtok(buffer, " ");
while (token != NULL)
{
strcpy(tokens[token_num], token);
token_num++;
token = strtok(NULL, " ");
}
}
/*
* This function is related to parsing input file
*
* Note : you can edit this function to add new instructions
*/
static void
create_APEX_instruction(APEX_Instruction *ins, char *buffer)
{
int i, token_num = 0;
char tokens[6][128];
char top_level_tokens[2][128];
for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
34. {
strcpy(top_level_tokens[i], "");
}
split_opcode_from_insn_string(buffer, top_level_tokens);
char *token = strtok(top_level_tokens[1], ",");
while (token != NULL)
{
strcpy(tokens[token_num], token);
token_num++;
token = strtok(NULL, ",");
}
strcpy(ins->opcode_str, top_level_tokens[0]);
ins->opcode = set_opcode_str(ins->opcode_str);
switch (ins->opcode)
{
case OPCODE_ADD:
case OPCODE_SUB:
case OPCODE_MUL:
case OPCODE_DIV:
case OPCODE_AND:
case OPCODE_OR:
case OPCODE_XOR:
{
ins->rd = get_num_from_string(tokens[0]);
ins->rs1 = get_num_from_string(tokens[1]);
ins->rs2 = get_num_from_string(tokens[2]);
break;
}
case OPCODE_MOVC:
{
35. ins->rd = get_num_from_string(tokens[0]);
ins->imm = get_num_from_string(tokens[1]);
break;
}
case OPCODE_LOAD:
{
ins->rd = get_num_from_string(tokens[0]);
ins->rs1 = get_num_from_string(tokens[1]);
ins->imm = get_num_from_string(tokens[2]);
break;
}
case OPCODE_STORE:
{
ins->rs1 = get_num_from_string(tokens[0]);
ins->rs2 = get_num_from_string(tokens[1]);
ins->imm = get_num_from_string(tokens[2]);
break;
}
case OPCODE_BZ:
case OPCODE_BNZ:
{
ins->imm = get_num_from_string(tokens[0]);
break;
}
}
/* Fill in rest of the instructions accordingly */
}
/*
* This function is related to parsing input file
*
* Note : You are not supposed to edit this function
*/
36. APEX_Instruction *
create_code_memory(const char *filename, int *size)
{
FILE *fp;
ssize_t nread;
size_t len = 0;
char *line = NULL;
int code_memory_size = 0;
int current_instruction = 0;
APEX_Instruction *code_memory;
if (!filename)
{
return NULL;
}
fp = fopen(filename, "r");
if (!fp)
{
return NULL;
}
while ((nread = getline(&line, &len, fp)) != -1)
{
code_memory_size++;
}
*size = code_memory_size;
if (!code_memory_size)
{
fclose(fp);
return NULL;
}
code_memory = calloc(code_memory_size,
sizeof(APEX_Instruction));
if (!code_memory)
41. MOVC R4,#1
ADD R5,R0,R1
SUB R3,R3,R4
CMP R3,R2
BZ #-12
MUL R7,R5,R2
MOVC R8,#0
AND R9,R7,R8
HALT
MOVC R10,#500
MOVC R11,#10
b. Expected Output for PART 1
CLOCK CYCLE 1
1. Instruction at FETCH STAGE ---> (I0: 4000) MOVC
R0,#4000
2. Instruction at DECODE_RF_STAGE ---> EMPTY
3. Instruction at EX STAGE ---> EMPTY
4. Instruction at MEMORY STAGE ---> EMPTY
5. Instruction at WRITEBACK_STAGE ---> EMPTY
42. CLOCK CYCLE 2
1. Instruction at FETCH STAGE ---> (I1: 4004) MOVC R1,#1
2. Instruction at DECODE_RF_STAGE ---> (I0: 4000) MOVC
R0,#4000
3. Instruction at EX STAGE ---> EMPTY
4. Instruction at MEMORY STAGE ---> EMPTY
5. Instruction at WRITEBACK_STAGE ---> EMPTY
CLOCK CYCLE 3
1. Instruction at FETCH STAGE ---> (I2: 4008) MOVC R2,#2
2. Instruction at DECODE_RF_STAGE ---> (I1: 4004) MOVC
R1,#1
3. Instruction at EX STAGE ---> (I0: 4000) MOVC R0,#4000
4. Instruction at MEMORY STAGE ---> EMPTY
5. Instruction at WRITEBACK_STAGE ---> EMPTY
CLOCK CYCLE 4
1. Instruction at FETCH STAGE ---> (I3: 4012) MOVC R3,#3
2. Instruction at DECODE_RF_STAGE ---> (I2: 4008) MOVC
R2,#2
3. Instruction at EX STAGE ---> (I1: 4004) MOVC R1,#1
4. Instruction at MEMORY STAGE ---> (I0: 4000) MOVC
R0,#4000
43. 5. Instruction at WRITEBACK_STAGE ---> EMPTY
CLOCK CYCLE 5
1. Instruction at FETCH STAGE ---> (I4: 4016) MOVC R4,#1
2. Instruction at DECODE_RF_STAGE ---> (I3: 4012) MOVC
R3,#3
3. Instruction at EX STAGE ---> (I2: 4008) MOVC R2,#2
4. Instruction at MEMORY STAGE ---> (I1: 4004) MOVC
R1,#1
5. Instruction at WRITEBACK_STAGE ---> (I0: 4000) MOVC
R0,#4000
=============== STATE OF ARCHITECTURAL
REGISTER FILE ==========
| REG[00] | Value = 4000 | Status = VALID |
| REG[01] | Value = 1 | Status = VALID |
| REG[02] | Value = 2 | Status = VALID |
| REG[03] | Value = 2 | Status = VALID |
| REG[04] | Value = 1 | Status = VALID |
| REG[05] | Value = 4001 | Status = VALID |
| REG[06] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
| REG[07] | Value = 8002 | Status = VALID |
| REG[08] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
| REG[09] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
| REG[10] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
| REG[11] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
| REG[12] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
| REG[13] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
| REG[14] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
| REG[15] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
44. ============== STATE OF DATA MEMORY
=============
|
|
|
MEM[00]
MEM[01]
MEM[02]
.
|
|
|
Data Value = 00
Data Value = 00
Data Value = 00
|
|
|
.
.
| MEM[99] | Data Value = 00 |
45. c. Expected Output for PART 1
CLOCK CYCLE 1
1. Instruction at FETCH STAGE ---> (I0: 4000) MOVC
R0,#4000
2. Instruction at DECODE_RF_STAGE ---> EMPTY
3. Instruction at INT_FU STAGE ---> EMPTY
4. Instruction at MUL_FU STAGE ---> EMPTY
5. Instruction at LS_FU STAGE ---> EMPTY
6. Instruction at WRITEBACK_STAGE ---> EMPTY
CLOCK CYCLE 2
1. Instruction at FETCH STAGE ---> (I1: 4004) MOVC R1,#1
2. Instruction at DECODE_RF_STAGE ---> (I0: 4000) MOVC
R0,#4000
3. Instruction at INT_FU STAGE ---> EMPTY
4. Instruction at MUL_FU STAGE ---> EMPTY
5. Instruction at LS_FU STAGE ---> EMPTY
6. Instruction at WRITEBACK_STAGE --- EMPTY
CLOCK CYCLE 3
1. Instruction at FETCH STAGE ---> (I2: 4008) MOVC R2,#2
46. 2. Instruction at DECODE_RF_STAGE ---> (I1: 4004) MOVC
R1,#1
3. Instruction at INT_FU STAGE ---> (I0: 4000) MOVC
R0,#4000
4. Instruction at MUL_FU STAGE ---> EMPTY
5. Instruction at LS_FU STAGE ---> EMPTY
6. Instruction at WRITEBACK_STAGE ---> EMPTY
CLOCK CYCLE 4
1. Instruction at FETCH STAGE ---> (I3: 4012) MOVC R3,#3
2. Instruction at DECODE_RF_STAGE ---> (I2: 4008) MOVC
R2,#2
3. Instruction at INT_FU STAGE ---> (I1: 4004) MOVC R1,#1
4. Instruction at MUL_FU STAGE ---> EMPTY
5. Instruction at LS_FU STAGE ---> EMPTY
6. Instruction at WRITEBACK_STAGE ---> (I0: 4000) MOVC
R0,#4000
CLOCK CYCLE 5
1. Instruction at FETCH STAGE ---> (I4: 4016) MOVC R4,#1
2. Instruction at DECODE_RF_STAGE ---> (I3: 4012) MOVC
R3,#3
3. Instruction at INT_FU STAGE ---> (I2: 4008) MOVC R2,#2
4. Instruction at MUL_FU STAGE ---> EMPTY
5. Instruction at LS_FU STAGE ---> EMPTY
6. Instruction at WRITEBACK_STAGE ---> (I1: 4004) MOVC
R1,#1
47. =============== STATE OF ARCHITECTURAL
REGISTER FILE ==========
| REG[00] | Value = 4000 | Status = VALID |
| REG[01] | Value = 1 | Status = VALID |
| REG[02] | Value = 2 | Status = VALID |
| REG[03] | Value = 2 | Status = VALID |
| REG[04] | Value = 1 | Status = VALID |
| REG[05] | Value = 4001 | Status = VALID |
| REG[06] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
| REG[07] | Value = 8002 | Status = VALID |
| REG[08] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
| REG[09] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
| REG[10] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
| REG[11] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
| REG[12] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
| REG[13] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
| REG[14] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
| REG[15] | Value = 00 | Status = VALID |
============== STATE OF DATA MEMORY
=============
|
|
|
MEM[00]
MEM[01]
48. MEM[02]
.
|
|
|
Data Value = 00
Data Value = 00
Data Value = 00
|
|
|
.
.
| MEM[99] | Data Value = 00 |
2. Simulator Functions
1. There are four functions – simulate(), display(), single_step()
and show_mem()
which needs to be implemented as a part of project.
2. There should be second command line argument
(simulate/display/single_step/show_mem) to distinguish these
four functions:
a. Second command line argument is “simulate” which only
shows State of
Unified Physical Register File and Data Memory.
b. Second command line argument is “display” which shows
49. Instruction Flow
with all the states shown above, but DO NOT display State of
Unified
Physical Register File and Data Memory in each cycle (Note:
Display
State of Unified Physical Register File and Data Memory only
at the end).
c. Second command line argument is “single_step” simulation
by one cycle
and shows Instruction Flow with all the states shown above, but
DO NOT
display State of Unified Physical Register File and Data
Memory in each
cycle (Note: Display State of Unified Physical Register File and
Data
Memory only at the end).
d. Second command line argument is “show_mem” which
displays the
content of a specific memory location, with the address of the
memory
location specific as an argument to this command.
3. There should be third command line argument as “number of
cycles” means up
to this number of cycles simulation should run and produce
output.
4. Example with some of these command line arguments while
running the
program:
a. make
50. b. ./apex_sim input.asm simulate 50
i. Simulate for 50 cycles and then show State of Unified
Physical
Register File and Data Memory at the end of 50 cycles or at the
end of program (whichever comes first).
a. make
c. ./apex_sim input.asm display 10
i. Simulate for 10 cycles and then show Instruction Flow as well
as
State of Unified Physical Register File and Data Memory at the
end
of 10 cycles or at the end of program (whichever comes first).
d. Make
e. ./apex_sim input.asm single_step
i. Proceed one cycle and display all the states shown above, but
DO
NOT display State of Unified Physical Register File and Data
Memory in each cycle (Note: Display State of Unified Physical
Register File and Data Memory only at the end)
3. SUBMISSION GUIDELINES
In order get your grades as soon as possible and with more
feedback, follow these
instructions, otherwise points will be deducted:
1. (-2 points) Check not to upload a corrupted file (you can
download it and test it).
2. (-2 points) Submit a .tar.gz file (not a .tar nor .zip nor .rar)
which should follow the
51. following naming convention:
<lastname>_<firstname>_<bnumber>.tar.gz, after
unpacking this .tar.gz it should have a directory named
<lastname>_<firstname>_<bnumber>. Inside of this folder, you
should have two
folders: 1_part and 2_part (Note: Folder names should be
exactly 1_part and
_part) where corresponding simulators are located.
3. (-2 points) Check your code compile/run on
bingsuns2.cc.binghamton.edu.
1. DISPLAY GUIDELINESa. Sample Test Caseb. Expected
Output for PART 1c. Expected Output for PART 12. Simulator
Functions3. SUBMISSION GUIDELINES