1. Use your knowledge of cathapora, anaphora,
ellipsis; co-text, context; attributive use,
and referential use to analyze the following
text. Explain your answer.
 Two fish and some greens are already cooking in a
stew, but they will be for supper. We decide to
save some strawberries and bakery bread for this
evening’s meal, to make it special Gale and I say. I
fed Buttercup with entrails of the fish to stop it
hissing and meowing at us. Now, it is sitting next
to Gale and licking its body as if it is time to bath.

2. PRESUPPOSITION AND ENTAILMENT
Presupposition
Types of presupposition
The projection problem
Ordered entailments

4.  He has long curly blond hair and is smiling
nicely while giving a light push on his cheek
using his pointing finger.

5. Presupposition
Something the speaker assumes to be the
case prior to making an utterance
Concept  relationship between two proportion
Ms. Lia’s boyfriend is handsome
Ms. Lia has boyfriend
Ms. Lia’s boyfriend is not handsome
Ms. Lia has boyfriend
Constancy under negation

6. Existential
The king of my
heart
Factive
I didn’t know
that you’re
smart
Lexical
He finally won
the competition
Structural
Who murdered
him?
Non-factive
He pretended to
be happy
Counterfactual
If we were
students of
Shakespeare
Presupposition

7. In his front yard there are
2 convertibles, a van, and 4
motorbikes.

8. Entailments
 Something that logically follows from what is
asserted in the utterance.
 It is NOT a pragmatic concept, but instead is
considered a purely logical concept.

9. Rover chased three squirrels
a. Something chased three squirrels
b. Rover did something to the three squirrels
c. Rover chased three of something
d. Something happened
Background
entailments

10.  Rover chased THREE squirrels
 ROVER chased three squirrels
Foreground
entailments
 Rover CHASED three squirrels
Entailment for interpreting intended meaning
more than any other