Topology brief review

1. GROUP MEMBERS:
1. SANA AHMAD
2. AAFIA MUHAMMAD
3. MUBEENA GUL
4. SYEDA ATTIYA
Composed By: SANAAHMAD

2. Bus topology is one which consists of
all of the workstations connected to a
single cable. This topology is
frequently in coax, or 10Base2,
networks. The bus network has a
terminator on each end of the
network.
Star topology is the most popular
network topology in businesses today.
It consists of nodes connected to a
central switch or hub. If you have a
home network, you are probably using
the star topology.
Ring topology is one which all of the
computers are connected in a loop
and data is passed from one
workstation to another. This is most
common in a token ring environment
where a "token" is sent with data from
one node to another until it finds its
destination.
Mesh topology is one which has all
of the workstations connected to each
other. This topology is typically only
used when high availability is a
requirement. It is expensive to
maintain and troubleshoot.

3. In computer Networking, topology refers to
the layout of connected devices.
Network topologies are categorized into the following
basic types:
1. BUS TOPOLOGY
2. STAR TOPOLOGY
3. RING TOPOLOGY
4. MESH TOPOLOGY

4. Bus networks (not to be confused with the system bus of a
computer) use a common backbone to connect all devices.
A single cable, the backbone functions as a shared
communication medium that devices attach or tap into
with an interface connector. A device wants to
communicate with another device on the network sends a
broadcast message onto the wire that all other devices see,
but only the intended recipient actually accepts and
processes the message. However, bus networks work best
with a limited number of devices.

6. All the computers are connected with a single cable.
BUS topology is establishes in ROOMS, BUILDING,
and OFFICES etc.

7. Many home networks use the star topology. A star network
features a central connection point called a "hub" that may be a
hub, switch or router. Devices typically connect to the hub with
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet.
Compared to the bus topology, a star network generally requires
more cable, but a failure in any star network cable will only take
down one computer's network access and not the entire LAN.
(If the hub fails, however, the entire network also fails.)

8. HUB

9. All the ,computer are connected with central HUB.
Best example of Star Topology is Asynchronous Transmission
Mode (ATM)

10. In a ring network, every device has exactly
two neighbors for communication
purposes. All messages travel through a ring
in the same direction (either "clockwise" or
"counterclockwise"). A failure in any cable
or device breaks the loop and can take down
the entire network.

12. To implement a ring network, one typically
uses FDDI, SONET, or Token
Ring technology. Ring topologies are found
in some office buildings or school
campuses.

13. In mesh topology, every node has a direct point-to-point
connection to every other node. Because all connections
are direct, the network can handle very high-volume
traffic. It is also robust because if one connection fails, the
others remain intact. Security is also high since data
travels along a dedicated connection.
This type of topology requires a lot of cables and is,
therefore, expensive. Many of the connections are also
redundant since there are several different paths for data
to travel from one node to another.
There are two types of Mesh Topology.
1. True Mesh topology
2. Hybrid Mesh topology

14. TRUE MESH: In true mesh topology there are n(n-1)/2
link exist. If the “n” node are 6 then there is 15 link exist
in it.
HYBRID MESH: In true mesh topology there are [n(n-
1)/2] - n link exist. If the “n” node are 6 then there is 9
link exist in it.

16. A mesh topology is where each node or
computer has a direct link to every other
node that it needs to talk to. This topology
is okay for small computer set ups (e.g. upto
6 computers) that need very high speed
communication between them.