business reports and formats

1. (COURSE CODE – MGT/611080) – K.K. SIR)
BY ALTAF RAJA
ROLL NO. – 4
MBA 1ST SEMESTER
BASICS OF COMPUTERS AND
MIS

2. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS –
• A computer is an electronic
device that can store, process
and retrieve data. It can be used
to perform a wide range of task
such as writing letters, creating
presentations, managing
databases, playing games,
calculation and execute task
based on instruction provided
by the users or programs.

3. COMPONENTS
HARDWARE SOFTWARE

4. PROGRAMS
• Computers work by following a series of instructions called a program.
• Programs are written in programming language such as JAVA, C++, Python,
etc.

5. EVOLUTIONS OF COMPUTERS

6. FIRST GENERATION (1940S – 1950S)

7. SECOND GENERATION (1950S – 1960S)

8. THIRD GENERATION (1960S – 1970S)

9. FOURTH GENERATION (1970S – 2010S)

10. FIFTH GENERATION (1910S – PRESENT)

11. HARDWARE
• COMPUTER HARDWARE is the physical components of a computer system. It
includes the Input Devices, Processing Unit, Output Devices.
• INPUT DEVICES- Used to enter data and instructions into computer system.

12. Processing Unit
• It is the brain of computer
responsible for executing
data.
• It consists of two main
components :
1. CPU(Central Processing
Unit)
2. Memory

13. OUTPUT DEVICES
• It is used to
display or print
data from
computer system.
• Example:
Monitor, printer,
speaker

14. POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE CHOOSING
HARDWARE FOR A BUSINESS
• PERFORMANCE
• RELIABLILITY
• SCALIBILITY
• SECURITY
• DURABILITY
• COST
• etc.

15. NETWORK DEVICES
• Network devices are
physical devices that
allow computers and
other devices to
communicate with each
other over a network.
Networks can be Local
Area Networks (LANs),
Wide Area Networks
(WANs), or the internet.

16. SOME COMMON NETWORK DEVICES ARE

17. • Routers connect different network together and route data.
Routers connect different network together and route data
packets between them.
SWITCHES
ROUTERS
It connects devices on the same network together..

18. BRIDGES
It connect two similar networks together.
HUBS
Hubs are simple networking devices that connect multiple devices
together.

19. • Access Points allow wired devices to connect to a wired network. Networking
devices are important for studying the basics of computer because they are
essential for connecting computers to each other and to the internet. Without
networking devices, it would be impossible to share files, browse the web or use
e-mail.
ACCESS POINTS

20. SOFTWARE
APPLICATION
SOFTWARE
SYSTEM
SOFTWARE
• TASK ORIENTED
• USER FRIENDLY
• DIVERSE TYPES
• CUSTOMIZATION
• INSTALLED OR WEB BASED
• REGULAR UPDATES
• COMMERCIAL OR OPEN SOURCE
• EXAMPLES : MS OFFICE SUITE, ADOBE
PHOTOSUITE, MOZILLA FIREFOX, ADOBE
PREMIERE, ETC
• BACKGROUND OPERATION
• HARDWARE MANAGEMENT
• USER INTERFACE
• SECURITY AND ACCESS CONTROL
• DEVICE DRIVERS
• FILE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• ERROR HANDLING
• EXAMPLES : OPERATING SYSTEM,
DEVICE DRIVERS, UTILITY SOFTWARE,
COMPILERS AND INTERPRETERS.

21. Personal Productivity
Software

22. TABLES OF PERSONAL PRODUCTIVITY SOFTWARE
S.No Category Purpose Example
1. Word Processing Software. Creating, Editing and Formating text MS Word, Google docs and libre office writer,
pages (Mac OS)
2. Spreadsheet Software Managing and analyzing data in tables Microsoft excel, Google sheets, libre office calc,
Numbers(Mac OS)
3. Presentation Software Creating visual presentation Microsoft Powerpoint, Google slide, libre office
impress, keynote (Mac OS)
4. Note- taking apps Capturing and oraganising notes and slides Evernote, onenote, simple note, etc.
5. Task Manager Software Managing tasks projects and deadlines Todoist, trello, asana, etc
6. Calendar Software Managing Schedule and appointments Google calendar, MS Outlook, apple calendar
7. E-mail clients Managing e-mail communications Microsoft Outlook Thunderbolt, g-mail, opera
mail, etc.
8. Time tracking tools Tracking time usage and productivity Rescue time, toggl, Focus@will
9. File Management tools Organising and accessing digital files DropBox, Google drive, Microsoft one drive

23. Spreadsheet Software
MANAGIND AND ANALYSING DATA AND
TABLES
Microsof
t Excel
Google
sheets
Libre Office calc Numbers(Mac
OS)

24. Presentation Software
Creating visual presentation
MS
PowerPoint
Google Slide Libre Office
Impress
KeyNote(Mac OS)

25. Note Taking Apps
Capturing and organizing notes and
slides
EverNote One Note Simple Notes

26. Task Manager Software
Managing Tasks projects and deadlines
Todoist Trello Asana

27. Calendar Software
Managing Schedule and appointments
Google Calendar MS Outlook Apple
Calendar

28. E-mail Clients
Managing E-mail Communications
Microsof
t
Outlook
Thunderbolt G-mail Opera Mail

29. Time Tracking Tools
Tracking time usage and productivity
Rescue
time
Toggl Focus@will

30. File Management Tools
Organising and Accessing Digital Files
DropBox Google Drive Microsoft
OneDrive

31. Password Managers
Securely Storing and Managing passwords
Last
Page
1Password Dashlane

32. Text Editors
Creating and editing plain text or code
files
Notepad
(Windo
ws)
Text Edit(Mac
OS)
Visual Study Code

33. Finance Software
Manage finance, track expenses, create
budgets and monitor investments
Quicken Mint Capital personal

34. MS Word
MS Word is a word processing software application i.e. part of the MS Office suite. It is used to create and
edit documents such as letters, reports, essays, books, creating tables, diagrams and much more.

35. WORD PRIMARY USER INTERFACE

36. BASIC EDITING
VIEW TAB

37. FONT GROUP

38. Formatting
• Process of changing the appearance of text in a document

39. Page Setup
• Process of setting the margins, orientation, and other page layout options for a document.
• Includes setting the top, bottom, left and right alignment.

40. Writing Preferences
• Process of citing the sources that is used in document.
• This can include citing books, articles, websites and other sources.
• There are many different reference styles such as APA, MLA, Chicago.

41. Some writing preferences
APA • APA stylish the most commonly used references style in the social sciences.
• APA references are typically placed at the end of the document in a section
called “Reference”.
• It include the following information:
Author name (s)
Publication date
Title of the source
Publication information like publisher, journal name, volume, issue numbers or
website URL

42. Some writing preferences
MLA • MLA Style is most commonly used interface style in the humanities.
• MLA references are typically placed in the end of document in a section
called “Works Cited”.
• It include the following information:
Author name (s)
Publication date
Title of the source
Publication information like publisher, journal name, volume, issue numbers or
website URL

43. Some writing preferences
Chicago • This style is most commonly used interface style in the humanities& business.
• This references are typically placed in foot note or end notes throughout the
document.
• It include the following information:
Author name (s)
Publication date
Title of the source
Publication information like publisher, journal name, volume, issue numbers or
website URL

44. FOOT NOTES AND END NOTES
These are used to provide additional
information about a word, phrase or sentence
in a document. Foot notes are placed at the
bottom of the page on which they are
referenced, while end notes are placed at the
end of document.

45. TABLES
• Tables are used to organize data in a neat and concise way.
• Tables can be used to present data in varieties of way such as lists, comparison and summaries.

46. MICROSOFT
POWERPOINT

47. MICROSOFT POWERPOINT
• MS PowerPoint Presentation program allows users to create slide shows of text, images,
graphics and videos.
• PowerPoint is often used for business presentation, education purpose and personal projects.
• PowerPoint is a part of MS Office suite and is widely used to convey information effectively.

48. PRIMARY USER INTERFACE

49. NEW TAB BACKSTAGE VIEW

50. BASIC TEXT FORMATTING TOOLS (FONT GROUP AND
PARAGRAPH GROUP)

53. NETWORKING
• Computer network A collection of computing devices that are connected in
various ways in order to communicate and share resources
Usually, the connections between computers in a network are made using
physical wires or cables
However, some connections are wireless, using radio waves or infrared signals

54. NETWORKING
• The generic term node or host refers to any device on a network
• Data transfer rate The speed with which data is moved from one place on a
network to another
• Data transfer rate is a key issue in computer networks

55. NETWORKING
• Computer networks have opened up an entire frontier in the world of
computing called the client/server model
Figure: Client/Server interaction

56. NETWORKING
• File server A computer that stores and manages files for multiple users on a
network
• Web server A computer dedicated to responding to requests (from the browser
client) for web pages

57. TYPES OF NETWORKS
• Local-area network (LAN) A network that connects a relatively small number of
machines in a relatively close geographical area

58. TYPES OF NETWORKS
• Various configurations, called topologies, have been used to
administer LANs
• Ring topology A configuration that connects all nodes in a closed
loop on which messages travel in one direction
• Star topology A configuration that centers around one node to
which all others are connected and through which all messages are
sent
• Bus topology All nodes are connected to a single communication
line that carries messages in both directions

59. TYPES OF NETWORKS
• A bus technology called Ethernet has become the
industry standard for local-area networks
Figure 15.2 Various network topologies

60. TYPES OF NETWORKS
• Wide-area network (WAN) A network that connects two or
more local-area networks over a potentially large geographic
distance
Often one particular node on a LAN is set up to serve as a gateway to
handle all communication going between that LAN and other
networks
Communication between networks is called internetworking
The Internet, as we know it today, is essentially the ultimate wide-area
network, spanning the entire globe

61. TYPES OF NETWORKS
• Metropolitan-area network (MAN) The communication
infrastructures that have been developed in and around large cities

62. SO, WHO OWNS THE INTERNET?
Well, nobody does. No single person or company owns the Internet or even
controls it entirely. As a wide-area network, it is made up of many smaller
networks. These smaller networks are often owned and managed by a person or
organization. The Internet, then, is really defined by how connections can be
made between these networks.

63. TYPES OF NETWORKS
Figure: Local-area networks connected across a distance to create a
wide-area network

64. INTERNET CONNECTIONS
• Internet backbone A set of high-speed networks that carry Internet traffic
These networks are provided by companies such as AT&T, GTE, and IBM
• Internet service provider (ISP) A company that provides other companies or
individuals with access to the Internet

65. INTERNET CONNECTIONS
• There are various technologies available that you can use to connect a
home computer to the Internet
• A phone modem converts computer data into an analog audio signal for transfer
over a telephone line, and then a modem at the destination converts it back
again into data
• A digital subscriber line (DSL) uses regular copper phone lines to transfer
digital data to and from the phone company’s central office
• A cable modem uses the same line that your cable TV signals come in on to
transfer the data back and forth

66. INTERNET CONNECTIONS
• Broadband A connection in which transfer speeds are
faster than 128 bits per second
• DSL connections and cable modems are broadband connections
• The speed for downloads (getting data from the Internet to
your home computer) may not be the same as uploads (sending
data from your home computer to the Internet)

67. PACKET SWITCHING
• To improve the efficiency of transferring information over a shared
communication line, messages are divided into fixed-sized,
numbered packets
• Network devices called routers are used to direct packets between
networks
Figure:
Messages
sent by
packet
switching

68. OPEN SYSTEMS
• Proprietary system A system that uses technologies kept
private by a particular commercial vendor
One system couldn’t communicate with another, leading to the
need for
• Interoperability The ability of software and hardware on
multiple machines and from multiple commercial vendors
to communicate
Leading to
• Open systems Systems based on a common model of
network architecture and a suite of protocols used in its
implementation

69. OPEN SYSTEMS
• The International
Organization for
Standardization (ISO)
established the Open
Systems Interconnection
(OSI) Reference Model
• Each layer deals with a
particular aspect of
network communication
Figure: The layers of the OSI Reference Model

70. NETWORK PROTOCOLS
• Network protocols are layered such that each one relies on the
protocols that underlie it
• Sometimes referred to as a protocol stack
Figure: Layering of key network protocols

71. TCP/IP
• TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol
TCP software breaks messages into packets, hands them off to the IP software for
delivery, and then orders and reassembles the packets at their destination
• IP stands for Internet Protocol
IP software deals with the routing of packets through the maze of interconnected
networks to their final destination

72. TCP/IP (CONT.)
• UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol
• It is an alternative to TCP
• The main difference is that TCP is highly reliable, at the cost of decreased performance,
while UDP is less reliable, but generally faster

73. HIGH-LEVEL PROTOCOLS
• Other protocols build on the foundation established by the TCP/IP protocol suite
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Telnet
• Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (http)

74. MIME TYPES
• Related to the idea of network protocols and standardization is the concept of a
file’s MIME type
• MIME stands for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
• Based on a document’s MIME type, an application program can decide how to deal
with the data it is given

75. MIME TYPES
Figure:
Some protocols and the ports they
use

76. FIREWALLS
• Firewall A machine and its software that serve as a special gateway to a
network, protecting it from inappropriate access
• Filters the network traffic that comes in, checking the validity of the messages as much
as possible and perhaps denying some messages altogether
• Enforces an organization’s access control policy

77. FIREWALLS
Figure: A firewall protecting a LAN

78. NETWORK ADDRESSES
• Hostname A unique identification that specifies a particular computer on the
Internet
For example
matisse.csc.villanova.edu
condor.develocorp.com

79. NETWORK ADDRESSES
• Network software translates a hostname into its corresponding IP address
For example
205.39.145.18

80. NETWORK ADDRESSES
• An IP address can be split into
• network address, which specifies a specific network
• host number, which specifies a particular machine in that network
Figure:
An IP address is
stored in four
bytes

81. DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM
• A hostname consists of the computer name followed by the
domain name
• csc.villanova.edu is the domain name
• A domain name is separated into two or more sections that specify the
organization, and possibly a subset of an organization, of which the
computer is a part
• Two organizations can have a computer named the same thing
because the domain name makes it clear which one is being referred
to

82. DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM
• The very last section of the domain is called its top-level
domain (TLD) name
Figure: Top-level domains, including some relatively new ones

83. DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM
• Organizations based in countries other than the United States use
a top-level domain that corresponds to their two-letter country
codes
Figure:
Some of the top-level domain
names based on country codes

84. DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM
• The domain name system (DNS) is chiefly used to translate hostnames into
numeric IP addresses
• DNS is an example of a distributed database
• If that server can resolve the hostname, it does so
• If not, that server asks another domain name server

85. EVOLUTION OF NETWORKING
• 1961- The idea of ARPNET is conceptualized.
• 1969- ARPNET became functional by connecting ULCA and SRI.
• 1971- Ray Tomlinson develops network messaging or e-mail.
• 1974- The term internet was discovered. First commercial use of ARPNET was
started in the Name of TELENET.
• 1982- TCP/IP introduced as standard protocol on ARPNET.
• 1983- Domain Name system was introduced.

86. EVOLUTION OF NETWORKING
• 1986- National Science Foundation brings connectivity to more people with its
NSFNET program.
• 1990- Tim Berners Lee at CERN developed HTML and URL, which was the
birth of World Wide Web(WWW).
• 1997- First version of Wi-Fi (802.11) was introduced.

87. THANK YOU!