need for my ppt so that i can make my own and got some idea on this ppt .please give me permission to use this so that i can continue my work and so i can present this to my reporting this coming next day

1. SHIPS IRON
AND
STEEL
LEADER:
KINLY SUAN
MEMBERS:
ANDRIE DEL ROSARIO
HARD GIE DEO
MANUEL C. BERNALDEZ III

2. • Pig iron
• also known as
• (crude iron)
• is the product of
smelting iron ore (also
ilmenite) with a high-
carbon fuel and
reductant such as coke,
usually with limestone
as a flux. Charcoal and
anthracite are also used
as fuel and reductant.
THE PRODUCTION OF PIG IRON

3. •(Pig iron is produced by
smelting or iron ore in
blast furnaces or by
smelting ilmenite in
electric furnaces).
•It can be used as a raw
material for iron
steel making and most of
this material was
imported.

4. What is the product of iron made from iron ore?
• The production of iron from its ore involves a redox reaction
carried out in a blast furnace.

5. • hematite
(Fe2O3)
• magnetite
(Fe3O4)
• limestone
(CaCO3)
THERE ARE 3 TYPES FILLED AT THE TOP

6. 4.2 EXPLAIN THE ELEMENTS THAT NATURALLY OCCUR IN IRON AND ITS
EFFECT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTY.
How does iron occur naturally?
• In the Earth's crust iron is found mainly as minerals of iron oxide
such as hematite, magnetite, goethite and limonite.
The minerals that are mostly used as ore for making iron are:
• Hematite
• Magnetite
• Iron is quite soft and easily worked, but it has a very high
melting point of 1538°C.

7. What is the key element that influences the properties of iron?
• To improve the characteristics of iron, alloying elements are
added to it so that it can be used commercially. Elements
like manganese, sulfur, silicon and phosphorus are added to
iron.
What are the element properties of iron?
• Iron is a lustrous, ductile, malleable, silver-gray metal (It is
known to exist in four distinct crystalline forms.)
What are the factors affecting mechanical properties of
iron/metal?
• The mechanical properties of metal are generally determined by
a number of factors, including grain size, heat treatment,
atmospherics exposure, and temperature.

8. 4.3 EXPLAIN THE PROCESS INVOLVED IN STEELMAKING
Steel is made primarily in a two-step process. In the primary
steelmaking step, liquid iron is converted into steel by the basic
oxygen furnace (BOF) process, or by melting scrap steel or
direct reduced iron (DRI) in an electric arc furnace.
What is the process in steelmaking?
• Steelmaking are mined and then transformed into steel using two
different processes: the blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace
route, and the electric arc furnace route. Both processes are
being continually improved to meet the challenge of low-emission
steelmaking.

9. Which steelmaking process is the most common type?
• EAF method
• is the most common steel making process today. Today's modern
EAF steelmaking furnaces produce 150 tons of steel per melt,
which takes approximately 90 minutes.
• Bessemer process
• was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass
production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of
the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities
from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the
molten iron.

10. 4.4 EXPLAIN THE CATEGORIES OF WROUGHT STEELS WITH
EMPHASIS OF FOLLOWING:
A. PLAIN CARBON STEEL
is a steel with carbon content from about 0.05 up to 2.1 percent by weight. Carbon steel
is a popular metal choice for knife-making due to its high amount of carbon, giving the
blade more edge retention. To make the most out of this type of steel it is very important
to heat treat it properly. If not, the knife may end up being brittle, or too soft to hold an
edge.

11. B. LOW ALLOY STEEL
is a type of metal mixture composed of steel and another metals that possess desirable
properties. Low-alloy steel contains about 1%-5% of alloying elements. Therefore, it
possesses precise chemical compositions that provide better mechanical properties that
are intended to prevent corrosion.

12. C. HIGH ALLOY STEEL
High-alloy steels are usually called stainless steels. They are known for high
levels of corrosion resistance. Stainless steels used for pressure vessels
and piping construction are divided into three groups:
•Austenitic stainless steels
consist of chromium-nickel (300 series) and chromium-nickel-manganese
(200 series).
•Ferritic stainless steels
are straight chromium stainless steels with a minimum of 10% chromium.
They are nonhardenable by heat treatment.
•Martensitic stainless steels
contain 11% to 16% chromium with sufficient carbon to be hardenable
(less than 1%). They are hardenable by heat treatment.

13. HIGH ALLOY STEEL

14. D. ALLOYING LIMITS FOR LOW ALLOY STEELS
Low-alloy steel contains about 1%-5% of alloying elements.
Therefore, it possesses precise chemical compositions that provide
better mechanical properties that are intended to prevent
corrosion.