about norms and values.... sociology

2. Sociology

3. Presented by :-

4.  Social Norms  Types of values
 Definition Cultural values
 Explanation
Social values
 Aspects of norms
 Difference between Cultural and
Cultural norms
Social values
Social norms
 Functions of Social norms  Beliefs
 Social values  Belief and Religion
 Definition  Belief System
 Explanation  Difference between Values, Norms
 Values and norms and Beliefs

6. Definition
“Norms refer to the „group-shared
expectations‟.” Young and Mack
“A norm is a rule or standard that governs our
conduct in the social situations in which we
participate.”Robert Biesrdt

7. Social norms consist of rules of conduct and models of
behavior prescribed by a society. They are rooted in the
customs, traditions and value systems that gradually develop in
this society. The rules that a group uses for appropriate and
inappropriate values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors. These
rules may be explicit or implicit.
Failure to stick to the rules can result in severe punishments, the
most feared of which is exclusion from the group. A common
rule is that the some norms must frequently be displayed;
neutrality is seldom an option.

8. Cultural Norms
Cultural norms are ideally expected manners of behavior. These are the
goals of society. Cultural norms are codes of behavior found in books, ideas
of parents and expectations of society.
Social Norms
Social norms are socially approved ways of behaviors. The ways to which
people have no objection and are accepted by them. these norms guide us
in our actions. They distinguish man from animals. Human beings are
controlled and guided by these norms. Human behavior has a
direction, and ideology and a purpose which are guided by norms.

9. Definition
“A value is a belief that something is good and worthwhile. It
defines what is worth having and worth striving for. ” M.
Haralambos
“Values are general conception of’ the good’ , ideas about the
kind of ends that people should pursue throughout their lives
and throughout the many different activities in which they
engage. ” Peter Worslay

10. Social values are large concepts includes social capital as well
as the subjective aspects of the citizens' well-being, such as
their ability to participate in making decisions that affect
them. Value is a goal or objective and it can be achieved
through its respective institutions like
•Values of power attained through political institutions
•Values of health attained through economic institution and
further more

11. Cultural Values
Cultural values are hereditary and form core of the culture.
The costumes, rituals, convections, styles and fashions remain
in the core of culture

12. These are current values of social groups in the society.
Cultural values have been adopted by society in their daily
social life. The youth like them. they accepted present social
life and the direct aims of people. That is why they are popular
in young people and criticized by old ones.

13. Cultural values are the ideas and social values are real goals of the
people.
Cultural values change slowly than the social values.
Cultural values change, then changes in social values follows. E.g. the
ideology of Pakistan is cultural value and the birth of Pakistan the social
value.
The teachings of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) are cultural values and
following them is social value.
Cultural values do not change automatically it is the people them by their
ideas, customs, attitudes and the actions.

15. “Belief is an act of sensitive part rather than rational part of our nature.”
Hume
Belief and Religion
Religious activities are based on belief. Beliefs are the religious idea which
supports the religious rituals and ceremonies.
Belief Religious ceremonies Religion

16.  Norms are expected and accepted ways of behaving, e.g. wearing shoes.
Values are what people regard as desirable, e.g. having money, the value of
education, freedom of speech, etc whereas Beliefs are the convictions that we
generally hold to be true, usually without actual proof or evidence.
 Values represent our aims, desires, and goals. They are usually abstract, and
are further defined by criteria. Beliefs are judgments that connect our values
and criteria to our experiences.
 Norms are standards of behavior that are typical or accepted within a
particular group or society. Values are beliefs about what is wrong and right
and what is important in life.

17.  Norms are socially approved ways of behaving that are considered normal w.r.t
specific condition whereas values are ideas about the correct form of behavior e.g.
human life is sacred. Beliefs are simply specific statements that people told to be true.
 Values are formed of the culture. When certain things are exercised in a culture on
continuously bases then it becomes value of that culture. Norms are the repetitive
action of the people of the society that are served as guide lines for people to be acted
upon.
 Beliefs are basically assumptions that generally hold to be true without actual proof or
evidence. Our beliefs grow from what we see here experience read and think about.
 Beliefs are the assumptions we make about ourselves, about others in the world and
about how we expect things to be. Beliefs tend to be deep set and our values stamp
from our beliefs.