Presentation upgrade, migrate & consolidate to oracle database 12c & 11g r2 – overview

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Upgrade, Migrate
& Consolidate
to Oracle Database 12c
& 11gR2 – Overview
Alaa Fahmy
Core Technology Product Leader – ECEMEA

New Features in Oracle 12c
Preparing to Upgrade
Upgrade & Migration Cases
Fallback Strategies
Performance Management
Q&A
Copyright© 2013, Oracle and/orits affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade,Migrate and Consolidateto Oracle Database 12c 3

Application Development
Big Data
Consolidation
Data Optimization
Data Warehousing
High Availability
In-Memory
Performance & Scalability
Security & Compliance

Multitenant Environment – The Concept!
 Consolidation
 Reduced maintenance load
 Simplified and fast provisioning, cloning and migration
 The Option name is Oracle Multitenant

 You don't have to use pluggable databases ... yet
 Oracle Database 12c non-CDB works as expected
– But you can also use the new features – and this will require
changing old habits
Earth is Still a Sphere!

 One SGA, one set of background processes, and one spfile
– Benefit due to resource sharing
– Applications will connect to the PDBs
– Up to 253 PDBs in one CDB
Behind the scenes
CDB$ROOT
PDB$SEED PDB PDB PDB PDB
spfile
Redo Control Flashback

 After plugging a PDB into a CDB:
– Data resides in the PDB
– References will get created in the CDB
– In exchange access to dictionary objects from within the PDB
CDB-PDB: Who's who?
CDB$ROOT
PDB$SEED
OBJ$ TAB$ SOURCE$
PDB
EMP DEPT
OBJ$ TAB$ SOURCE$

 Anything not yet supported? Check the README!
– Continuous Query Notification (CQN)
– Client Side Cache
– Flashback Data Archive (FDA)
– Flashback Transaction Query
– Flashback Transaction Backout
– Heat map
– Automatic Data Optimization
– Oracle Streams
– Database Migration Assistant for Unicode (DMU)
 White paper:
– http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/multitenant-wp-12c-1949736.pdf
CDB References

New
Features
 Automatic Data Optimization
 Extreme Availability
 Security Features
 Remarkable Enhancements

Automatic Data Optimization
 Simplifying the life cycle of data
 An in-memory heat map tracks access to
segments and blocks
– Data is periodically written to disk
– Information is accessible by views or stored procedures
 Uses can attach policies to tables to compress or
tier data based on access to data
– Tables or Partitions can be moved between compression
levels whilst data is still being accessed

 Add compression and tiering policies to tables
Compress Partitions with
Hybrid Columnar Compression
if they haven’t been modified
from in 180 days
Oldest Data Most Recent Data
Compress Partitions with
Advanced Compression
if they haven’t been
modified in 30 days
12 CopCyroigphytr©igh2t0©122, O01ra3c,leOarancdl/eoraintsda/offriliiatsteas.ffAililal rtiegsh.tsArlelsriegrhvetsd.reseCrvoenfdid.ential – OraUcplegRraedsetr,icMteidgrate and Consolidateto Oracle Database 12c 12

 A heat map tracks the activity of segments and blocks

Automatic Data Optimization: Heat Map
Future Enterprise Manager screens - WIP

 Policies are automatically applied to tables
If after 30 days partitions
haven’t be modified they will
be compressed using
advanced row compression

After 180 days of no
modification, the oldest
partition is identified to be
compressed using Hybrid
Columnar compression

 Reduce storage footprint, read compressed data faster

 Automatically tier data to lower cost storage
Oldest Data
Columar Compression and
moveMiotsttRoeceTntiDearta 2 Storage
If the tablespace is nearly full
then compress the oldest
partition with Archive Hybrid

New
Features

Extreme Availability
 Active Data Guard Far Sync
 Other Data Guard Enhancements
 RMAN Enhancements
 ASM and RAC

Zero Data Loss Challenge
Primary Standby
The longer the distance, the larger the performance impact
 Trade-off between Zero Data Loss and Performance
Commit
CommitAck
Network Send
Network Ack

Active Data Guard Far Sync
Example, New York  London
Primary Standby
Far Sync
Instance
(Active)
Far Sync
Instance
(Idle)
Bridgeport
New York
Reading
London
Async

 Data Guard Far Sync
 ASM and RAC

Data Guard Real-Time Cascading
Primary Standby 1 Standby 2
 In Oracle 12.1
 Standby 1 forwards redo to Standby 2 in real-time, as it is
received: no propagation delay for a log switch
 Standby 2 is up-to-date for offloading read-only queries/reports
SYNC or ASYNC ASYNC
 Purpose: Eliminating propagation delay
 In Oracle 11.2
 Standby 1 waits until log switch before forwarding redo from
archived logs to Standby 2

 ASM and RAC

1 01
01 01 0
1 1 1 01 001
1 01 1 01 1 1 1 0
00 1 01 0000
1 001 1 01
1 01 0
01
Table Recovery From Backup
 Simple RECOVER TABLE command to
recover one or more tables (most
recent or older version) from an
RMAN backup
 Eliminates time and complexity
associated with manual restore,
recover & export
– Enables fine-grained point-in-time
recovery of individual tables instead of
the contents of the entire tablespace
– Restores the recovered table to an
Oracle Data Pump dump file
– Optionally imports the dump file and
renames the table in the target
database
RMAN
Backups

Cross-Platform Backup & Restore
 Simplifies procedure for platform migration
 Minimize read-only impact with multiple incremental backups
 Simplified Platform Migration
– Uses Data Pump for metadata, backup sets for data files
Source Database (AIX) Destination Database (Linux)
Restore Backup
(optional endian
conversion,
metadata import)
11101
10110111101
0010100001
1001
Backup
to Disk/Tape
(data files, optional
endian conversion,
metadata export)

 ASM and RAC

ASM Overview
Wide File Striping
 Oracle Database 11.2 or earlier
RAC Cluster
ASM Cluster Pool of Storage
Node2
Disk Group B ASM Disk
Disk Group A
Node3 Node5Node4
Shared Disk
Groups
One to One
Mapping of ASM
Instances to
Servers
Node1
ASM Instance
Database Instance
DBA DBA DBB DBB DBB DBC
ASM ASM ASM ASM ASM

Oracle ASM 12c – Overview
 Oracle ASM 12c Standard Deployment
RAC Cluster
Disk Group A
Shared Disk
Groups
Wide File Striping
One to One
Mapping of ASM
Instances to
Servers
ASM Instance
Node4Node3Node2Node1 Node5
ASM ASM ASM ASM ASM
ASM Instance
Database Instance
DBA DBA DBB
DBCDBB DBB

Introducing Oracle Flex ASM
Disk Group A
Shared Disk
Groups
Wide File Striping
Databases share
ASM instances
 Removal of One to One Mapping and HA
RAC Cluster
ASM Instance
Database Instance
Node5Node4Node3Node2Node1
Node5
runs as
ASM
Client to
Node4
NNooddee11 r
ruunnssaass
AASSMM
CClliieennttttoo
NNooddee24
Node2
runs as
ASM
Client to
Node3
ASM ASM ASM
ASM Instance
DBA DBA DBB
DBCDBB DBB

Supporting Pre-Oracle 12c Databases
Disk Group A
Shared Disk
Groups
Wide File Striping
 Pre-Oracle 12c Databases require a local ASM instance
RAC Cluster
Databases share
ASM instances
ASM Instance
Database Instance
Node5Node4Node3Node2Node1
ASM ASM ASM
DBA DBA DBB DBC
ASM ASM
11g
DB
11g
DB
DBB DBB

New
Features

Oracle Advanced Security
 Real-time sensitive data redaction
based on database session context
 Library of redaction policies and point-
and-click policy definition
 Consistent enforcement, policies
applied to data
 Transparent to applications, users, and
operational activities
Redaction of Sensitive Data Display
Preventive Control for Oracle Database 12c
ed
Credit Card Numbers
4451-2172-9841-4368
5106-8395-2095-5938
7830-0032-0294-1827
Redaction Policy
xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-4368 4451-2172-9841-4368
Billing
DepartmentCall Center
Application

eserved. Upgrade,Migrate and Consolidateto Oracle D
Data Masking
 Mask At-Source
 Minimize sensitive data exposure
 Securely Provisioning Test Systems
01001011001010100100100100100100100100100100100010
01010100100100100111001001001001001001000010010010
11100100101010010010101010011010100101010010
Subsetted & Masked
Data Pump File
12.1
Prod Test
At-Source Masking
 Production data subsetted first
 Sensitive data masked separately
0100101100101010010010010010010010010010010010001
0010101001001001001110010010010010010010000100100
1011100100101010010010101010011010100101010010
Prod
Data Subset Clone &Mask
11.2
Test
Copyright© 2013, Oracle and/orits affiliates. All rights r atabase 12c 36

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise
 Turn on privilege capture mode
 Report on actual privileges and roles
used in the database
 Helps revoke unnecessary privileges
 Enforce least privilege and reduce risks
 Increase security without disruption
Discover Use of Privileges and Rol
Administrative Control for Oracle Database 12c
es
Privilege Analysis
Create…
Drop…
Modify…
DBA role
APPADMIN role

New
Features

Online Move of Datafiles
 Rename or relocate datafiles online
– Move from one type of storage to another, or into ASM
– Examples:
 Rename:
 Relocate:
 Copy:
 Move into ASM:
ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/data/user1.dbf' TO
'/data/user001.dbf';
'/test/user1.dbf';
'/test/user1.dbf' KEEP;
'+DATA/data/datafile/user1.dbf';

Row Limit
 Example:
Select only the first 5 rows
SELECT employee_id, last_name
FROM employees
ORDER BY employee_id
FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS ONLY;
SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary
FROM employees
ORDER BY salary
FETCH FIRST 5 PERCENT ROWS WITH TIES;
Select the first 5% of rows and those whose salary “ties” with the lowest of the 5%

Fallback Strategies
Q&A

2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
Oracle 9.2
(GA: Jul 2002)
Oracle 10.1
(GA: Jan 2004)
Oracle 10.2
(GA: Jul 2005)
Oracle 11.1
(GA: Aug 2007)
Oracle 11.2
(GA: Sep 2009)
Oracle 12.1
(GA: Jun 2013)
#1 Reason for Upgrade
JUL 2010JAN 2007
Sustaining Support
JAN 2012JAN 2009
AUG 2015AUG 2012
JAN 2018JAN 2015
today
today
JUN 2021JUN 2018
Limited ESWaived Extended Support Extended SupportPremier Support
JUL 2015JUL 2013JUL 2010
•http://www.oracle.com/us/support/lifetime-support/index.html
•Note: 209768.1

Some MAGIC Questions
Question? Answer
Change to new hardware?
Change to new operating system architecture?
Change the characterset?
Consolidation (schema/database/...) planned?
Number of database to upgrade/migrate?
Size of database(s) getting upgraded/migrated?
Exact source and target Oracle version(s)?
Max allowed downtime?
Fallback requirements?
Test environment and testing tools?
Does a performance baseline exist?
Change required to enable New Features?

Upgrade Companion
 Note:1462240.1
 Upgrade Companion 12c – now available
 Includes references to 10g, 11g & 11gR2 upgrade companions

Upgrade OTN Page
 http://otn.oracle.com/goto/upgrade
(http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/upgrade/index.html)

Upgrade Blog: blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE
Scroll
down
to go
to the
slides

 Step-by-Step vs Big Bang
– Upgrade/migration in pieces over a period of time
 Considered as risk mitigating
– Everything in one downtime window
 Sometimes necessary due to dependencies
 Least critical systems first vs most critical system first
– Learn more with every step
vs:
– Learn about almost all from the beginning
Strategies?

 Database Upgrade
– A database upgrade is called "Upgrade" because the data dictionary
will get upgraded to a later version
– This will include Oracle components, options such as JAVAVM, SDO
– No data will be touched, changed or moved
 Migration
– A database migration will happen when the database will move to
new: Hardware, operating system platform, character set
 Software Upgrade
– In-Place:
 The new software will be installed into an existing SW location
– Out-Of-Place
 The new software will be installed into a new software location
Terminology

Upgrade to Oracle Database 12c
Oracle 7.3
(GA: 1996)
Oracle 8.0
(GA: 1997
Oracle 8.1
(GA: 1998)
Oracle 9.0
(GA: 2001)
Oracle 9.2
(GA: Jul 2002)
Oracle 10.1
(GA: Jan 2004)
Oracle 10.2
(GA: Jul 2005)
Oracle 11.1
(GA: Aug 2007)
Oracle 11.2
(GA: Sep 2009)
Oracle 12.1
(GA: Jun 2013)
Please note: This graph will apply to database upgrades only!
Oracle
7.3.4
Oracle
8.0.6
Oracle
8.1.7.4
Oracle
9.0.1.4
Oracle
9.2.0.8
Oracle
10.1.0.5
Oracle
10.2.0.5
Oracle
11.1.0.7
Oracle
11.2.0.2
Oracle
12.1.0.1
7.3.4 9.2.0.8 11.2.0.2
8.0.6 9.2.0.8 11.2.0.2
8.1.7.4 10.2.0.5
9.0.1.4 10.2.0.5
9.2.0.8 11.2.0.2
10.1.0.5 11.2.0.2
10.2.0.5 DIRECT
11.1.0.7 DIRECT
11.2.0.2 DIRECT

Preparation Checklist
 In the SOURCE environment:
Clean Up
 Empty the recycle bin
 Check for INVALID objects in SYS/SYSTEM
 Check for duplicate objects in SYS/SYSTEM
 Remove outdated parameters
Components  Check for INVALID components
 Check for necessary components
 Remove obsolete components
Performance  Preserve performance statistics
 Check network performance
Optional  Perform Integrity checks

Clean Up: Parameters
Real World Crosscheck
 Internal Oracle production database
– Multimedia (ORDIM) component took very long to upgrade
_complex_view_merging = FALSE
_multi_join_key_table_lookup = FALSE
_library_cache_advice = FALSE
_index_join_enabled = FALSEUpgrade time
_push_join_union_view = FALSfEor ORDIM:
_push_join_predicate = FALS4E9 minutes
_always_semi_join = OFF
_pred_move_around = FALSE
_unnest_subquery = FALSE
_predicate_elimination_enabled = FALSE
_eliminate_common_subexpr = FALSE
_no_or_expansion = FALSE
event = '10195 trace name context forever, level 1'
event = '10778 trace name context forever, level 1‘
Remove all
underscores
and events
Upgrade time
for ORDIM:
7 minutes
Factor
x7

Preparation Check List
 In the TARGET environment:
Checks
Download
Settings
 Software Certification Information
 Installation Requirements
 Software and Patch Sets
 CPUs, PSUs and Bundle Patches
 Single Patches
 Parameter Recommendations

Parameter Recommendations
 General guidelines:
– The fewer parameters you have in your spfile, the better
– Remove outdated parameters, underscores, events ...
 Unless directed by applications (e.g. E-Business Suite, Siebel,
SAP etc.) to set them
– Try to adjust certain parameters based on testing, documentation
and white papers
 Don't trust statements such as ..."THE tuning guru said ..."

New Parameters in Oracle Database 12c
54 Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.
 CELL_OFFLOADGROUP_NAME
 CONNECTION_BROKERS
 DB_BIG_TABLE_CACHE_PERCENT_TARGET
 DB_INDEX_COMPRESSION_INHERITANCE
 DNFS_BATCH_SIZE
 ENABLE_PLUGGABLE_DATABASE
 HEAT_MAP
 MAX_STRING_SIZE
 NONCDB_COMPATIBLE
 OPTIMIZER_ADAPTIVE_FEATURES
 OPTIMIZER_ADAPTIVE_REPORTING_ONLY
 PARALLEL_DEGREE_LEVEL
 PARALLEL_FAULT_TOLERANCE_ENABLED
 PDB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
 PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT
 SPATIAL_VECTOR_ACCELERATION
 TEMP_UNDO_ENABLED
 THREADED_EXECUTION
 UNIFIED_AUDIT_SGA_QUEUE_SIZE
 USE_DEDICATED_BROKER

Deprecated Parameters in Oracle Database 12c
55 Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.
 active_instance_count
 background_dump_dest
 buffer_pool_keep
 buffer_pool_recycle
 commit_write
 cursor_space_for_time
 fast_start_io_target
 global_context_pool_size
 instance_groups
 lock_name_space
 log_archive_local_first
 log_archive_start
 Max_enabled_roles
 parallel_automatic_tuning
 parallel_io_cap_enabled
 parallel_server
 parallel_server_instances
 plsql_v2_compatibility
 remote_os_authent
 resource_manager_cpu_allocation
 sec_case_sensitive_logon
 serial_reuse
 sql_trace
 standby_archive_dest
 user_dump_dest
From the Oracle Database 12c Upgrade Guide, Chapter 8.

Fallback Strategies
Q&A
Upgrade & Migration Cases New Scripts

What's new in upgrades to Oracle 12c?
 New SQLAutomation FixUp Scripts
– Fixing issues before and after upgrade
 Detailed recommendations
 Parallel Upgrade
– Saving up to 40% upgrade duration
– Upgrade driven by catctl.pl, not catupgrd.sql anymore
catctl.pl
script3.sqlscript2.sqlscript1.sql
script4.sql
script5.sql
script6.sql
script6.sql
script7.sql
script8.sql
script9.sql
script10.sql
script11.sql

 Upgrade duration to Oracle 12c mainly depends on:
– Number of installed components and database options
– Number of objects in the database due to high amount of new
dictionary tables, and restructuring of some base system tables
– CPU Speed
Component
Oracle Server
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine
Oracle Workspace Manager
Oracle Enterprise Manager
Oracle XDK
Oracle Text
Oracle XML Database
Oracle Database Java Packages
Oracle Multimedia
Oracle Expression Filter
Oracle Rule Manager
Gathering Statistics
HH:MM:SS
00:16:17
00:05:19
00:01:01
00:10:13
00:00:48
00:00:58
00:04:09
00:00:33
00:07:43
00:00:18
00:00:12
00:04:53
Total Upgrade Time: 00:52:31
Component
Oracle Server
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine
Oracle XDK
Oracle Text
Oracle XML Database
Oracle Database Java Packages
Gathering Statistics
HH:MM:SS
00:16:17
00:05:19
00:00:48
00:00:58
00:04:09
00:00:33
00:02:43
Total Upgrade Time: 00:30:47
Install and patch
Oracle 12c
Preupgrade
Checks
Prepare
Environment
Restore Entire
Database
Upgrade
Database
Post Upgrade
Actions

Fallback Strategies
Q&A
General Preparation Steps
Upgrade & Migration Cases Zero Downtime?

Case: Near-Zero Downtime
 Platform migration with near-zero downtime
Oracle 10.2.0.3
HP-UX Itanium
5 mins
10TB
Oracle 11.2.0.3
OEL5.8 64bit
10TB
Example Facts & Description
1. Hardware migration to an Exadata Database Machine
2. Cross Endianness database migration from Oracle 10.2.0.3 to Oracle 11.2.0.3
3. Maximum tolerated downtime: 5 minutes
4. Database size: 10TB
5. High redo generation rate

Introduction
 True ZERO Downtime is very hard to achieve
– Only Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database can do that
 Replication technologies are easier to handle and setup
– A limited downtime will occur to switch clients/application
 Active/active scenarios are possible but will require extra work
 Concept:
1. Start capturing changes on source
2. Create an upgraded copy on target
3. Start applying changes to target
4. Once in sync switch clients/application
 Technologies:
– Oracle Golden Gate
– (NOTE: Oracle Streams was deprecated as of Oracle Database 12c)

Oracle Golden Gate
 Paid option of the database
– Migratable license for 1 year which includes Active Data Guard
 Works with many Oracle database versions
– Golden Gate 11.2 supports Oracle 10.2.0.4+, 11.1+, 11.2+
 For earlier database versions (8i (DML only), 9i-11.1) use Golden Gate 10.4
 Compared to Oracle Streams
– Generally faster
– Generally easier to setup and use
– Fewer data type restrictions
 Oracle GoldenGate Installation and Setup Guide
 Also works with non-Oracle databases (DB2, Teradata …)
 GoldenGate OTN page:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/goldengate/overview/index.html

Difference Conventional vs GG Migration
 Eliminate the "migration" downtime
– Conventional Migration
Database Migration / Database Upgrade Tasks
Downtime
– Near-Zero Downtime Migration
Downtime
SynchDatabase Migration / Database Upgrade Tasks

Case: Near-Zero Downtime
 Platform migration with near-zero downtime
Start Capture
Mechanism
Build Up Database Copy
with Data Pump or TTS
StartApply
Mechanism
Oracle 10.2.0.3
HP-UX Itanium
5 mins
10TB
Oracle 11.2.0.3
OEL5.8 64bit
10TB

Oracle 11.2.0.3
OEL5.8 64bit
Capture
10TB
Oracle 10.2.0.3
HP-UX Itanium
Start Capture Mechanism
with Data Pump or TTS Start Apply Mechanism
Capture: committed transactions are captured (and can be
filtered) as they occur by reading the transaction logs
10TB

Oracle 10.2.0.3
HP-UX Itanium
10TB
Oracle 11.2.0.3
OEL5.8 64bit
Capture
Trail: stages and queues data for routing
Trail
10TB

Oracle 10.2.0.3
HP-UX Itanium
10T
B
Oracle 11.2.0.3
OEL5.8 64bit
Capture Trail
10TB
Build up the target database using:
- Transportable Tablespaces x-Platform
- Export/Import with Data Pump

Oracle 10.2.0.3
HP-UX Itanium
10T
B
Oracle 11.2.0.3
OEL5.8 64bit
Capture Trail
10TB
Pump: distributes data for routing to target(s)
Pump

Oracle 10.2.0.3
HP-UX Itanium
10T
B
Oracle 11.2.0.3
OEL5.8 64bit
10TB
Golden Gate works bidirectionally -
from higher to lower release as well!
Capture Trail Pump Trail Delivery
Bi-directional

Minimal Downtime
Migration with
Oracle Golden Gate

Fallback Strategies
Q&A
Upgrade & Migration Cases Real Rolling Upgrade

Case: Real Rolling Upgrade
 Rolling database upgrade with less than 5 min downtime
Oracle 11.1.0.7
OEL4 64bit
5 mins
5TB
Oracle 11.2.0.3
OEL5.8 64bit
5TB
1. Neither HW nor OS migration involved
2. Database rolling upgrade from Oracle 11.1.0.7 to Oracle 11.2.0.3

Case: Real Rolling Upgrade
 Rolling database upgrade with less than 5 min downtime
Create a
Physical
Standby
Convert 
Logical
Standby
Upgrade
Logical
Standby
Switchover
PROD
Logical
Flashback
Logical
Convert 
Physical
Upgrade
via Redo
Apply
Switchover
PROD 
Physical
Oracle 11.1.0.7
OEL4 64bit
Oracle 11.2.0.3
OEL5.8 64bit
Oracle 11.1.0.7
PHYSICAL STANDBY
5 mins
5TB 5TB

Real World Checkpoint
 Bielefeld University, Germany
– Mid size university in Germany (founded 1969)
 18,000 students
 1,600 employees
 Interdisciplinary
 Initiative of Excellence
 Lead university for 33 German universities
Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation

 Project scope:
– Upgrade or migrate 10 key systems from Oracle
9.2 to Oracle 11g
– Move from Single Instance to:
 Oracle Real Application Clusters
 Oracle ASM
 Oracle Data Guard
– Use Transient Logical Standby for patch upgrades
to decrease downtime from 60 minutes to less than
5 minutes
Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation

 Constraints:
– Character set conversions
– Outdated 3rd party software
Customer
Constraints
Preparation
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project

 Test migrations and upgrades
 Setup Oracle Grid Control
 Performance monitoring and tuning with SQL
Tuning/Access Advisor and SQL Performance
Analyzer (SPA)
Customer
Preparation
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints

 Upgrade and migrations:
– Completed in Sept/Oct 2008
 Transient Standby Rolling Upgrade:
Oracle. 11.1.0.6 to Oracle 11.1.0.7
– Friday February 13th, 2009
Customer
Preparation
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints

 YES!!!
 OOW 2009 presentation
Customer
Project
Constraints
Preparation
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks

Fallback Strategies
Q&A
Upgrade & Migration Cases Plug in a database

Case: Upgrade and Plug into a CDB
 Consolidate an upgraded 12c database into a CDB
Oracle 12.1.0.1
Non-CDB
15 mins
1TB
Oracle 12.1.0.1
PDB in a CDB
1TB
1. Source database must already be upgraded to Oracle Database 12c
2. Plug in the source database as new PDB into an existing CDB

Upgrade first, then plug in
 To plug in a database into a multitenant environment it has
to be upgraded to Oracle Database 12c first
– The upgrade steps are independent from the multitenant concept
 Once upgraded:
1. Open the database in read-
only mode.
2. Generate an XML
description file.
3. Plug the database into the
destination CDB.

 Two options:
1. Patch the CDB including all PDBs
2. Patch by plug out, plug in
Patching
Oracle 12.1.0.1
CDB$ROOT
PDB$SEED
Oracle 12.1.0.1
PDB1
Oracle 12.1.0.1
CDB$ROOT
PDB$SEED
Oracle 12.1.0.1
PDB1
Oracle 12.1.0.2
CDB$ROOT
PDB$SEED
Oracle 12.1.0.2
CDB$ROOT
PDB$SEED
Oracle 12.1.0.2
PDB1
Patch
2

Fallback Strategies
Q&A

Fallback Strategy – Strategy
 Never start an upgrade or migration without evaluating and
testing your options for going back
 Complete RMAN Online Backup is always a must
 Clarify:
– Fallback requirements in minutes/hours/days
– How to deal with issues happening during the upgrade
– How to deal with issues hours/days after the upgrade
– Will you get additional downtime to change COMPATIBLE?

Parameter COMPATIBLE
 Minimum COMPATIBLE in Oracle Database 12c: 11.0.0
– 11.0.0 and 11.1.0 are equivalent
– Recommendation:
 Change COMPATIBLE 7-10 days after upgrade
 Changing COMPATIBLE will require a database restart
– SQL>
– COMPATIBLE can't be turned back
COMPATIBLE must be increased to ≥11.0.0
COMPATIBLE can remain on 11.x.y
Downgrade possible
alter system set compatible='12.1.0' scope=spfile;

Fallback Strategy - Issues during upgrade
ALWAYS take a complete ONLINE backup with RMAN
≥ 11.0
NoYes
Change COMPATIBLE parameter?
Set all data tablespaces into READ
ONLY mode and take an OFFLINE
backup of SYSTEM, SYSAUX,
UNDO, TEMP, redologs + controlfiles
Create a guaranteed
restore point for
Flashback Database
Restore and
recover online
backup
Flashback to
the guaranteed
restore point
Shutdown, restore the offline
backup files and startup
in source environment
Yes

Fallback: Restore Point
FLASHBACK DATABASE
POINT grpt;
TO RESTORE
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
STARTUP MOUNT;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
RESETLOGS;
DROP RESTORE POINT grpt;
 Flashback to a guaranteed restore point
– COMPATIBLE can't be changed
Pre Upgrade Environment Post Upgrade Environment
CREATE RESTORE POINT grpt
GUARANTEE FLASHBACK DATABASE;
UPGRADE
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
STARTUP MOUNT;

Fallback Strategy – Issues after upgrade
AGAIN take a complete ONLINE backup with RMAN after the upgrade
≥ 10.2
Change COMPATIBLE parameter?
NoYes
Use Oracle Golden Gate
for a capture/apply
of data changes back to
the source release
Downgrade with
the catdwgrd.sql and
the catrelod.sql
scripts back to the
source release
Use Data Pump to import
data back into an empty
database in source env
Yes

Fallback Strategies
Q&A

Configure AWR, ASH & ADDM
 Real-Time ADDM
– MMON obtains performance stats every 3 sec without lock/latch
– MMON triggers a real-timeADDM analysis when:
– MMON slave process creates report and stores it in AWR
 See the DBA_HIST_REPORTS view

Real Application Testing
 Goal:
– Record and replay a real workload to see how a system performs
 Platform independent
– Find regressions and changing plans before the upgrade
– Do consistent performance evaluations upon application changes
 Licensable database pack "Real Application Testing"
 Available since Oracle Database 11.1.0.6
 Available also with patch sets Oracle Database 10.2.0.4/5
 Consists of:
– Database Replay
 DBMS_WORKLOAD_CAPTURE and DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPLAY
– SQL Performance Analyzer
 DBMS_SPA

Consolidated Database Replays
Validating consolidation strategies
• Allows workload
captured on
different databases
to be consolidated
for replay
• Works for
manually
consolidated
databases or
Pluggable
Databases
SALES
HR
ERP
CRM

 The Customer:
Deutsche Messe AG
– HQ in Hannover, Germany
– Largest trade fair worldwide
– Key trade fairs:
 CeBIT
 Hannover Messe
– ~1,000,000 m² exhibition space
Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation

Deutsche Messe
 Project scope:
– Upgrade of a 3-node Oracle 10.2.0.3 RAC Cluster
to Oracle 11.1.0.7
 Move from raw devices to ASM
 Use Snapshot Standby instead of RMAN to refresh
development databases
 Tune third-party application with Automatic SQL
Tuning
 Sun Solaris 10
– Initially 2 databases to upgrade (each ~350GB):
 CeBIT system
 Online ordering web application
Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation

Deutsche Messe
 Constraints:
– Keep the old hardware
– The "worst" application ever ...
Customer
Constraints
Preparation
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project

Deutsche Messe
 Performance:
– AWR snapshots
– Automatic SQLTuning showed excellent results
– Real Application Testing (Database Replay) done
during high-load phase during CeBIT 2009
Customer
Preparation
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints

Deutsche Messe
 Live? And alive?
– Yes! Go-live in September and October 2009
 But highest load to be expected in March 2010
(CeBIT!!)
– Overall downtime: 4 hrs
– Application is faster than ever
– Customer kept 3 year old hardware
– All SAP systems recently upgraded to 11.2.0.2
 More information: OOW 2010 presentation and Success Story
– http://apex.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=202202:2:::::P2_SUCHWORT:messe
– http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/customers/deutsche-messe-1-db-
snapshot-367194.pdf
Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation

Deutsche Messe
 "Heal" a terrible applicationCustomer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation
Improvement factor:
~250,000x !!!

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