The document discusses the significant link between vision problems and learning difficulties, emphasizing that many children with learning disabilities have undiagnosed vision issues. It highlights the need for comprehensive vision evaluations, as standard screenings often fail to detect these problems, leading to academic challenges. Treatment options, including vision therapy and appropriate corrective measures, are crucial for enhancing children's learning capabilities and self-confidence.

1. Dr. Shalini Jain
MOPT, Fellow L.V.Prasad Eye Inst(Hyd),
Consultant Optom Yashoda Hospitals & Samyak Eye Care Clinic
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Testing & Treatment for
Learning Difficulties

2. Vision related learning problems are more common
than most parents and educators realize
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3. Can Lead To A Misdiagnosis of
Dyslexia or Other Learning Disabilities
When vision problems go undetected
Children have
 Trouble Reading
 Trouble doing their schoolwork
 Fatigue & Fidgeting
 Frustration in the classroom
It is estimated that 80% of children with a learning disability have an
undiagnosed vision problem.
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4. Vision v/s Eye Sight
Vision is a complex process
 Involves over 20 visual abilities
 More than 65% of all the pathways to the brain
 Undiagnosed vision problem can interfere with learning
and lead to academic and / or behavioral problems.
 It is important to know that these children frequently do not
report symptoms because they think everyone sees the same way
they do.
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5. Vision and Learning
 Seeing is our dominant sense and our primary
source for gathering information in learning
 Vision problems can have a profound
effect on how we learn.
 Many children who experience academic difficulty may have a
visual dysfunction in addition to their primary reading or learning
dysfunction. These conditions are treatable.
 Many learning difficulties can be attributed to vision problems that
are not detected during typical school vision screenings.
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6. Vision 6 / 6 Not Enough
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A vision check does not test
A child's focusing ability
Tracking
Visual perception skills
Many children pass their annual school vision
screening or the pediatrician's eye chart
but remain undiagnosed with problems of the visual
system.

7. Vision Assessment
A vision screening
 Either at school or
 The pediatrician's clinic
Is not a substitute for a
 Complete eye and vision evaluation by an eye doctor
who specializes in developmental vision.
Early testing for vision problems is critical to mitigating learning disabilities or,
in some cases, significant visual impairment in children
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8. Physical Signs or Symptoms
 Frequent headaches or eyestrain
 Blurring of distance or near vision
 Avoidance of close work
 Poor judgment of depth
 Turning of an eye in or out / up or down
 Tendency to cover or close one eye
 Double vision
 Poor hand-eye coordination
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9. Performance Problems
 Poor reading comprehension
 Difficulty copying from one place to another
 Loss of place, repetition and /or omission of words while reading
 Difficulty changing focus from distance to near and back again
 Poor posture when reading or writing
 Poor handwriting
 Can respond orally but can't get the same information down on
paper
 Letter and / or word reversals difficulty judging sizes and shapes
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10. Visual Abilities Needed For Learning
 Eye Teaming
 Tracking
 Focusing
 Visual Memory
 Visual Discrimination
 Gross Motor Eye-Body Coordination
 Fine Eye-Hand Coordination
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11. Eye Teaming
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12. Tracking
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13. Focusing
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14. Visual Memory
Helps children remember
what they read and see
Children with poor
visual memory may struggle with
comprehension.
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15. Visual Discrimination
• Helps children distinguish between similarly
spelled words, such as
was/saw, then/when, on/one, or run/ran
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16. Visual Sequential Memory
Helps to remember forms or
characters in correct order
This skill is particularly
important in Spelling
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Letter omissions, additions, or transpositions with in words
are common for children who struggle with this skill

17. Visual Spatial Relations
 Helps to distinguish differences
among similar objects or forms
 Helps in understanding relationships
and recognizing underlying concepts
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This area is closely related to the problem solving and conceptual
skills required for higher level science and mathematics

18. Visual Spatial Orientation
 Helps us with letter reversals
 Many parents and educators
considered letter reversals after age
seven to be a symptom of dyslexia
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The most common cause of reversals in older children is a
lack of visual spatial development

19. Visual Form Constancy
Helps children distinguish differences in
Size
Shape
 Orientation
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Children with poor form-constancy may frequently
reverse letters and numbers

20. Visual Closure
This skill helps children read and comprehend
quickly
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21. Visual Figure Ground
Children with poor figure-ground
become easily confused with too
much print on the page
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Affecting their Concentration , Attention , Scanning text to
locate specific information

22. Gross Motor Eye-Body Coordination
Allows children to use their visual systems for good
body balance and coordination
Children with poor eye-body skills may have
difficulty in such areas as sports, learning to ride a
bicycle, or general "clumsiness."
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23. Fine Motor Eye-Hand Coordination
Poor Eye-hand coordination may result in
Poor handwriting
Take longer to complete
written assignments
Become frustrated
Lose Concentration
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24. Treatment Of Learning Related Visual
Problems
 Appropriate Glasses for work & / or
A regimen of Binocular Therapy
Visual Integration to improve
important Visual Skills
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25. Vision Therapy or Vision Training
“
”
Programs typically involve
 Eye Exercises
 The Use of Lenses, Prisms, Filters, Occluders,
 Specialized Instruments
 Computer programs
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26. Goals of Vision Therapy
Our primary goal is to provide
Clearer, comfortable, efficient binocular vision.
New foundations for increased self-confidence,
self-esteem and visual awareness
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27. What Parents Can do to Help With
Visual Development
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28. Summary
 Vision problems can and often do interfere with learning
 People at risk for learning-related vision problems should be evaluated
by an optometrist who provides diagnostic and management services in
this area
 Prompt remediation of learning-related vision problems enhances the
ability of children and adults to perform to their full potential.
 People with learning problems require help from many disciplines to
meet the learning challenges they face.
 Optometric involvement constitutes one aspect of the multidisciplinary
management approach required to prepare the individual for lifelong
learning.
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29. Take Home Message
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30. CONTACT US
Samyak Eye Care Clinic & Optical’s
Shop No. 102A, Plot 470 Sector 4,
4/470 Supertech Homes Near Gaur Gravity Mall, Vaishali
Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh) 201010
Mobile No: 09899960700
Email Us : samyakeyecare@gmail.com
Visit : www.samyakeyecare.com
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