16. You have a product with a 30% margin, and you are planning on reducing
prices by 5%. What sort of volume uplift is required to maintain existing
revenue?
You have a product with a 20% margin, and you are planning on increasing
prices by 8%. What sort of volume are you putting at risk?
20% Volume Uplift 10% Volume Uplift 5% Volume Uplift
8.2% of volumes 28.6% of volumes 38.7% of volumes
Quiz Time
Decreasing & Increasing Prices
17. Why is Pricing so Important?
Impact on Operating Profit of a 1% improvement in…
2.3%
3.3%
7.8%
11.1%
Fixed Costs Volume Variable
Costs
Price
2.6%
3.6%
8.7%
12.3%
Fixed Costs Volume Variable
Costs
Price
18. …Regardless of the Industry
Impact on Operating Profit of a 1% improvement in Price
22.0%
13.5%
12.7%
12.3%
11.4%
11.1%
10.4%
10.1%
9.8%
9.3%
8.6%
6.8%
6.1%
3.0%
1.8%
Automotive
Transportation
Metals & Mining
Chemicals
High Tech &
Electronics
Aurospace & Defense
Paper
Insurance
Healthcare
Oil & Gas
Communications
Consumer Products
Pharmaceuticals
Banking
Investment
Impact of a 1% Price Improvement on Operating Profit
For The Kroger Retail Food
Chain…
► If prices were increased 1%...?
For Coca Cola…
► If prices were reduced 1%...?
For Continental Airlines
► 44mill passengers x Average fare
of $193 = Loss
Slide 18
19. Slide 19
50.0%
40.0%
32.0%
28.0%
26.0%
18.0%
8.0%
2.0%
Packard Other Compaq HP IBM Gateway Dell Apple
Source: Docters, R et al (2004) Winning the Profit Game: Smarter Branding, Smarter Pricing, McGraw-Hill, p40
The Importance of Price
As the Primary Selection Criteria, by brand – PC Industry
How Important is Price?
In the Personal Computer Industry
20. The Wheel of Fortune
A Catalogue of Pricing Models, Strategies & Tactics
Misc Pricing
Models II
Misc Pricing
Models I
Digital
Pricing
Models
Digital
Advertising
Models
Legal &
Professional
Service
Software
Pricing
Models
Time-based
Pricing
Value-based
Models
Traditional
Pricing
Models
Pricing
Models,
Strategies &
Tactics
User-based
Usage-based
Time-based
Location-based
Input -related
Hybrids (Input / Output –related)
Output -related
1G: Sponsorship
2G: Cost-per-Thousand
3G; Cost-per-Click
4G: Cost-per-Action
Freemium
Pay-What-You-Want
Direct Cross Subsidy
Indirect Cross Subsidy
Paired Products
Second-hand Products
Unbundling
Pay-As-You-Go
Gimmicks
Choices
Price Experiments
Buy Now / Upsell Later
Buy Now / Compliment Now
A Product is for Life…
Free Today, not Tomorrow
Start the Clock
Cost-Plus Pricing
Market / Competition Pricing
Non-Linear / Two-Part Pricing
Dynamic Pricing / Revenue or Yield Management
Customer Value Analysis
Economic Value Analysis
Auctions
English
Dutch
Yankee
Vickery
Reverse
21. Words of Pricing Wisdom
“…if you have to have a
prayer session before
raising…prices…then
you’ve got a terrible
business”
“Price is what you
pay…value is what you get”
“The single most important
decision in evaluating a
business is pricing power”
22. But What is “Pricing Power”?
“The ability of
you to get the
price you
deserve for
the value you
provide”
26. Slide 26
Number 8
…talk About Value Instead!
The Hallmarks of a good Value Proposition:
► What value does your product or service provide to
customers
► Quantify the Magnitude of the Value provided
► Illustrate that value is superior to the competition
27. Number 7
Know Your Competition & Customer
0
2
4
6
8
10
Adhesion
Appearance
Strength
Rheology
Durability
Resistance
Environmentally
Friendly
Low Odour
Us The Competition
Understand the
Customer
How important are
these value attributes
to them?
Understand the
Competition
Points of parity, points
of difference, points of
contention