The steel industry is pursuing a global sector-based approach (GSSA) through the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (APP) to reduce emissions. The APP Steel Task Force is working on cooperative actions including developing a handbook of clean technologies, establishing a common methodology for benchmarking and target setting, and promoting technology deployment through plant diagnostics and model projects. Site visits were conducted in China and India to identify energy saving opportunities and transfer technologies between partner countries to accelerate emissions reductions from the steel sector.
This document provides information about steel manufacturing and the global steel industry. It discusses the strategic location and production capacity of Visakhapatnam Steel Plant in Andhra Pradesh, India. It also summarizes the top 10 steel producing countries globally, led by China at over 500 million tons annually. The document outlines the basic steel manufacturing process, which involves converting iron ore and coal into coke, melting the coke in a blast furnace, and producing steel in a steelmaking shop through basic oxygen or electric arc furnaces, followed by continuous casting.
Case study of profiles of electrical steelGautham Reddy
This document is a report on a case study of profiles of electrical steel conducted by two students, G Pranay Raj and K Gautham Reddy, at Rourkela Steel Plant in June-July 2013. It provides an overview of the processes involved in manufacturing electrical steel, including the hot strip mill, silicon steel mill, bust line, annealing and pickling line, cold reversing mill, and slitter line. The report includes graphs of profiles measured from 20 coils of steel and an analysis of observations made during the study. The aim was to understand how the steel's profile affects quality and suggest ways to prevent issues like buckling and scratches during processing.
The document discusses Pakistan's steel industry. It provides an introduction to steel and its importance. It then discusses the classification, production processes, major products, industry structure, and role in the economy. The organized sector includes public sector companies while the unorganized sector consists of private melting, rolling, and pipe mills. The industry contributes significantly to manufacturing and construction. It also generates substantial employment and tax revenue. However, the industry faces issues like outdated plants and low per capita consumption. Opportunities exist in increasing utilization, exports, and investments while threats include privatization policies and security issues.
The document outlines the organizational chart and production processes of an engineering steel plant. It details the roles of leadership positions like the president and directors. It maps the flow of raw materials from storage through melting, refining, alloying and pouring processes. Key stages include loading scrap and alloys, melting in electric arc furnaces, secondary refining using AOD converters, heating ladles, and final pouring of liquid steel. Laboratories analyze raw materials and samples to control quality.
Continuous Casting: Get more from your CasterRakesh Niranjan
“Even
the best can be bettered.” It perfectly applies
to Continuous casting. Industry leaders always work on this concept of “there is a better way” and don’t settle for less. One of the
thought processes is how to get more from the investments on continuous casters
by optimization of the operations. This thought process is vital in the current tough
market conditions. Evolution of manufacturing processes through perfect application
of technology provides the
right platform to optimized manufacturing operations.
The document discusses the iron and steel industry in Pakistan. It describes the raw materials used like iron ore, manganese, coking coal and limestone. It explains the steel making process which involves heating iron ore and coke in a blast furnace. The main outputs are steel billets, hot rolled products, cold rolled sheets and galvanized products. Pakistan Steel Mills is located in Karachi for its access to raw materials from ports and markets in Punjab for over half its production. The industry faces environmental issues from pollution and economic challenges from relying on imports.
The document summarizes an industrial training completed by P Venkat Vijay Kumar at Vizag Steel Plant in June. It provides background on the objectives of industrial training which include gaining practical experience, developing problem-solving skills, and understanding how large organizations operate. It then gives details about Vizag Steel Plant, one of the largest steel producers in India, including its revenue, production levels, certifications, expansion plans, employees, and the department where Kumar completed his training.
This document provides information about steel manufacturing and the global steel industry. It discusses the strategic location and production capacity of Visakhapatnam Steel Plant in Andhra Pradesh, India. It also summarizes the top 10 steel producing countries globally, led by China at over 500 million tons annually. The document outlines the basic steel manufacturing process, which involves converting iron ore and coal into coke, melting the coke in a blast furnace, and producing steel in a steelmaking shop through basic oxygen or electric arc furnaces, followed by continuous casting.
Case study of profiles of electrical steelGautham Reddy
This document is a report on a case study of profiles of electrical steel conducted by two students, G Pranay Raj and K Gautham Reddy, at Rourkela Steel Plant in June-July 2013. It provides an overview of the processes involved in manufacturing electrical steel, including the hot strip mill, silicon steel mill, bust line, annealing and pickling line, cold reversing mill, and slitter line. The report includes graphs of profiles measured from 20 coils of steel and an analysis of observations made during the study. The aim was to understand how the steel's profile affects quality and suggest ways to prevent issues like buckling and scratches during processing.
The document discusses Pakistan's steel industry. It provides an introduction to steel and its importance. It then discusses the classification, production processes, major products, industry structure, and role in the economy. The organized sector includes public sector companies while the unorganized sector consists of private melting, rolling, and pipe mills. The industry contributes significantly to manufacturing and construction. It also generates substantial employment and tax revenue. However, the industry faces issues like outdated plants and low per capita consumption. Opportunities exist in increasing utilization, exports, and investments while threats include privatization policies and security issues.
The document outlines the organizational chart and production processes of an engineering steel plant. It details the roles of leadership positions like the president and directors. It maps the flow of raw materials from storage through melting, refining, alloying and pouring processes. Key stages include loading scrap and alloys, melting in electric arc furnaces, secondary refining using AOD converters, heating ladles, and final pouring of liquid steel. Laboratories analyze raw materials and samples to control quality.
Continuous Casting: Get more from your CasterRakesh Niranjan
“Even
the best can be bettered.” It perfectly applies
to Continuous casting. Industry leaders always work on this concept of “there is a better way” and don’t settle for less. One of the
thought processes is how to get more from the investments on continuous casters
by optimization of the operations. This thought process is vital in the current tough
market conditions. Evolution of manufacturing processes through perfect application
of technology provides the
right platform to optimized manufacturing operations.
The document discusses the iron and steel industry in Pakistan. It describes the raw materials used like iron ore, manganese, coking coal and limestone. It explains the steel making process which involves heating iron ore and coke in a blast furnace. The main outputs are steel billets, hot rolled products, cold rolled sheets and galvanized products. Pakistan Steel Mills is located in Karachi for its access to raw materials from ports and markets in Punjab for over half its production. The industry faces environmental issues from pollution and economic challenges from relying on imports.
The document summarizes an industrial training completed by P Venkat Vijay Kumar at Vizag Steel Plant in June. It provides background on the objectives of industrial training which include gaining practical experience, developing problem-solving skills, and understanding how large organizations operate. It then gives details about Vizag Steel Plant, one of the largest steel producers in India, including its revenue, production levels, certifications, expansion plans, employees, and the department where Kumar completed his training.
Summer Vacational Training Report on Bokaro Steel Plant.Ali Ali
The document is a training report from an internship at the Bokaro Steel Plant, which is operated by Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL). It provides background information on SAIL, including that it operates 5 integrated steel plants and has over 72,000 employees. The report then describes the intern's experiences in various areas of the Bokaro Steel Plant during the training period, and concludes by discussing some of the plant's products and markets.
2012 deep research report on global and china mono crystalline silicon pullin...smarter2011
The document is a 123-page research report from 2012 on the global and Chinese mono-crystalline silicon pulling furnace industry. It provides an overview of the industry, including definitions and classifications. It then profiles 25 global and 16 Chinese manufacturers, giving details on their production capacities, market shares, costs, profits and furnace models. The report also analyzes industry trends, opportunities and challenges, looking specifically at production, demand, imports/exports and regional market shares for 2008-2013. It concludes with a feasibility analysis of a proposed new 1000-set furnace project in China.
Yoke Engineering Outsourcing Private Limited is an ISO 9001-2008 certified manufacturer of steel and aluminum castings located in Coimbatore, India. It has capabilities in casting, machining, welding automation, and fabrication. The company's facilities include a steel foundry that can produce castings from 5 kg to 500 kg per month, an aluminum foundry using die casting and sand casting from grams to 5 kg per month, and a machining department. Yoke also has specialty welding and coating capabilities such as hard facing, stellite welding overlays, and nickel plating.
Richmond Steel - Business Profile and Training PresentationPatrick Olszewski
Richmond Steel was established in 1988 and specializes in custom steel fabrications and machine builds. It has two locations with over 25 employees. The document provides details on Richmond Steel's machinery, including two lasers, press brakes, shears, saws, and welding equipment. It also gives examples of past projects involving laser cutting, powder coating, welding, and fabricating large and complex structures for automotive and other industrial customers.
The document summarizes a report on a summer training internship at Jindal Steels and Power Ltd (JSPL) in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh, India. It discusses projects and sites visited during the 50-day internship, including the Corporate Tower Project, speedfloor construction, an ash dyke site, and a blast furnace and stock home site. Key learnings included understanding civil engineering techniques, speedfloor and foam concrete construction, safety issues for large ash dykes, and retaining wall needs for backfilling. The internship provided valuable insights into various aspects of civil engineering.
The iron and steel industry in India has experienced steady growth since independence. Key developments include the establishment of the first modern steel plant in 1907 in Jamshedpur. After independence, major plants were set up under public sector control. Today, India is the 7th largest steel producer globally, driven by strong domestic demand from infrastructure, real estate, and automobiles. Major integrated producers include SAIL, Tata Steel, and RINL.
IRJET- Tribological Evaluation of LM26 Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites.IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that evaluated the tribological properties of aluminum LM26 metal matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide particles. Specifically, it:
1) Fabricated aluminum LM26 composites with 5%, 10%, and 15% silicon carbide reinforcement by weight using stir casting. Samples were tested on a pin-on-disk tribometer under loads of 40-60N, sliding velocities of 2-6m/s.
2) Testing results showed that wear rate increased with increasing load but decreased with higher silicon carbide content, providing improved wear resistance. Sliding velocity had a negligible effect on wear characteristics.
3) The study concluded that aluminum LM26 composites showed potential for
2011 deep research report on global and china mono crystalline silicon pullin...qyresearch
This document provides a summary and table of contents for a 128-page research report on the global and Chinese mono-crystalline silicon pulling furnace industry in 2011. The report includes details on manufacturers, production capacities and market shares, demand and supply trends, costs and profits for furnaces from 2008-2012. It also includes feasibility analysis for a project to build 1000 sets of furnaces in China. The document is available for purchase from the publisher QYResearch for the stated prices.
Improvement of refractory in nippon steelRadi Nasr
This document summarizes improvements in refractory technology at Nippon Steel Corporation over the past 20 years. Specific refractory consumption has decreased from around 9.5 kg/t-s to 7.5 kg/t-s through advances in materials, construction, repair, and recycling. The proportion of monolithic refractories has increased from 30% to around 70% through improvements to construction technology. Furnace maintenance costs have also been reduced through mechanization and better labor management.
2012 deep research report on china special steel industrysmarter2011
This document provides a 182-page research report on China's special steel industry in 2012. It analyzes special steel definitions, classifications, manufacturing processes, product structures, applications and consumption trends. It also examines the productions, capacities, market shares and financial performances of China's 32 major special steel manufacturers as well as 11 other manufacturers. Key findings include that automotive and machinery industries are the largest consumers of special steel, and special steel production has been growing steadily in China with rising demand. The report aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the special steel industry in China.
Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP) is one of the largest integrated steel plants in India. It produces steel products like rails, plates, structural steel and wire rods. Major departments visited include the Rail and Structural Mill, Plate Mill, and Steel Melting Shop. The Rail and Structural Mill has a capacity of 7.5 lakh tonnes per year and produces rails, beams, channels, angles and crossings. The Plate Mill has a capacity of 9.5 lakh tonnes per year and produces plates from 8-120mm thick. The Telecommunication Department provides reliable communication systems across the plant including telephone exchanges, shop floor equipment, and cable networks.
Smithy provides open die forgings and customized specialty steels for critical applications from its integrated steel mill and forging facilities. It has melting, forging, heat treatment, and machining operations at a single location for faster deliveries and competitive prices. The company exports to over 14 countries, serving industries such as defense, engineering, oil and gas, and shipbuilding. It has numerous national and international approvals and accreditations.
This document provides an overview of Smithy, an integrated steel producer located in India. Smithy has two plants that produce forgings and engineered products across three verticals using an integrated process of melting, forging, heat treatment, and machining. Key capabilities mentioned include production of forgings up to 8 tons, heat treatment up to 15 tons, and machining of components up to 1350mm in size. The document outlines Smithy's production facilities, metallurgy and quality assurance processes, industries served, global clientele, and approvals.
This document provides background information on the establishment of Pakistan Steel Mills (PSM). PSM was founded in 1973 to reduce Pakistan's dependence on imported steel and iron, which were critical inputs for industrialization. It took over 20 years to resolve issues around raw materials, production capacity, site location, equipment procurement, and financing. PSM was eventually built near Karachi with technical assistance from the Soviet Union. It began production in 1981 and now has an annual capacity of 1.1 million tons, though it is unable to meet domestic steel demand due to capacity constraints.
Manufacturing engineering and technology - Schmid and Kalpakjianjagdeep_jd
The document discusses the structure of metals and their mechanical properties. It begins with an outline of chapter topics, including crystal structures (BCC, FCC, HCP), defects, slip and deformation, dislocations, solidification, and grain size. Tables provide data on mechanical properties and homologous temperature ranges for various metalworking processes. Figures show stress-strain curves, tensile testing specimens and machines, and the relationships between engineering and true stress/strain. The document provides an overview of the key concepts relating to metal structure and mechanical behavior.
Steelmaking and Iron Products (Cast Iron, Compacted Graphite Irons, Ductile I...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
The iron and steel industry is one of the most important industries in India. Most iron and steel in India is produced from iron ore. The Indian Ministry of Steel is concerned with: the coordination and planning of the growth and development of the iron and steel industry in the country, both in the public and private sectors; formulation of policies with respect to production, pricing, distribution, import and export of iron and steel, Ferro alloys and refractories; and the development of input industries relating to iron ore, manganese ore, chrome ore and refractories etc., required mainly by the steel industry.
Tags
Cast Iron Production, Development of iron and steel industry in India, Foundry process of cast iron, Grey cast iron, How iron is made, How is iron manufactured?, How is iron produced?, How is Steel Produced, How to Start a Steel Business, How to Start a Steel Production Business, How to start a successful Steel iron business, How to Start an Iron & Steel Business, How to Start an Iron Business, How to Start an Iron Production Business, How to Start Iron Business, How to Start Iron making Industry in India, How to start steel factory, How to Start Steelmaking Industry in India, Indian Iron Industry, Indian Steel Industry, Iron & Steel Business ideas and Opportunities, Iron and steel industry in India, Iron and Steel Manufacturing, Iron and steel manufacturing process, Iron and Steel Production, Iron and Steel, Iron Based Profitable Projects, Iron business in India, Iron industry in India, Iron making Industry in India, Iron making process, Iron making Projects, Iron Production Process, Ironmaking and Steelmaking, Major Iron and Steel Plants of India, Malleable cast iron, Manufacture of steel, Manufacturing Process for Iron and Steel, Modern steel making technology, Most Profitable Steel Iron Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Iron making industry, New small scale ideas in Steelmaking industry, Process of making steel from iron ore, Process of steelmaking, Production of compacted graphite irons, Production of ductile iron, Profitable Iron & Steel Business Ideas, Profitable Small Scale Steel iron manufacturing, Raw Materials for Steelmaking, Setting up a Steel Factory Business in India, Setting up and opening your Steel iron Business, Small scale Commercial Steel iron making, Small scale Steel iron production line, Starting a Steel Business, Starting a Steelmaking Business, Starting an Iron Business, Starting an Iron making Business, Starting Steel Mini Mill Startup Business, Start-up Business Plan for Iron and Steel, Steel and iron Business, Steel and iron industry, Steel and iron production, Steel business plan, Steel Industry in India, Steel iron making machine factory, Steel iron Making Small Business Manufacturing, Steel making process in detail, Steel making process steps, Steel making Projects, Steel manufacturing process
2012 deep research report on china alumina industrysmarter2011
The document is a 173-page research report on China's alumina industry published in May 2012. It provides in-depth analysis of alumina production, capacity, supply and demand in China from 2009-2016. It also examines key alumina manufacturers, production technologies, raw material sources, costs, development trends and environmental issues like red mud disposal. The report aims to give stakeholders a comprehensive overview of the China alumina industry and help them make informed business decisions.
Webinar: 'Applying carbon capture and storage to a Chinese steel plant.' Feas...Global CCS Institute
The document summarizes a feasibility study conducted by Toshiba Corporation on applying carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology to a steel plant in China. It discusses two potential cases for installing a CCS facility at Shougang Jingtang Steel Works that would capture 300 tons of CO2 per day. Case 1 involves capturing CO2 from the plant's lime kiln flue gas, while Case 2 focuses on capturing CO2 from hot blast stove flue gas. Both cases evaluate using hot blast stove flue gas as a heat source for CO2 recovery. The presentation provides details on plant layout, economics evaluation, and outstanding issues for further investigation.
'Applying carbon capture and storage to a Chinese steel plant.' Feasibility s...Global CCS Institute
The Global CCS Institute has recently published a feasibility study report on applying carbon capture and storage (CCS) to a steel plant in China. Toshiba was commissioned to conduct the study in collaboration with Chinese corporations.
The feasibility suggests that carbon capture in Chinese steel plants is a cost effective means of reducing carbon emissions compared with similar plants around the world. In this webinar, Toshiba presented on the major findings of this feasibility study.
The document outlines the 2010 program plan for EPRI's CoalFleet for Tomorrow program, which aims to accelerate deployment of advanced coal-based power plants. It describes 3 project sets focusing on (1) engineering and economic evaluations of combustion and gasification technologies, (2) support for gasification projects, and (3) design guidelines for ultra-supercritical pulverized coal plants and carbon capture technologies. Key 2010 deliverables include technology assessments, design specifications, economic studies, and reports on materials development programs and the National Carbon Capture Center.
Qyresearch:2012 deep research report on global and china carbon fiber industrysmarter2011
This document provides a summary of the 2012 Deep Research Report on Global and China Carbon Fiber Industry published by QYResearch Carbon Fiber Research Center. The 90-page report analyzed the carbon fiber industry globally and in China, including industry overview, manufacturing process, application analysis, manufacturing cost analysis, profiles of 22 major manufacturers, and market outlook. Key findings included global and China production, demand, price trends for 2009-2015; manufacturers' market shares and financial data; and supply/demand development trends.
Summer Vacational Training Report on Bokaro Steel Plant.Ali Ali
The document is a training report from an internship at the Bokaro Steel Plant, which is operated by Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL). It provides background information on SAIL, including that it operates 5 integrated steel plants and has over 72,000 employees. The report then describes the intern's experiences in various areas of the Bokaro Steel Plant during the training period, and concludes by discussing some of the plant's products and markets.
2012 deep research report on global and china mono crystalline silicon pullin...smarter2011
The document is a 123-page research report from 2012 on the global and Chinese mono-crystalline silicon pulling furnace industry. It provides an overview of the industry, including definitions and classifications. It then profiles 25 global and 16 Chinese manufacturers, giving details on their production capacities, market shares, costs, profits and furnace models. The report also analyzes industry trends, opportunities and challenges, looking specifically at production, demand, imports/exports and regional market shares for 2008-2013. It concludes with a feasibility analysis of a proposed new 1000-set furnace project in China.
Yoke Engineering Outsourcing Private Limited is an ISO 9001-2008 certified manufacturer of steel and aluminum castings located in Coimbatore, India. It has capabilities in casting, machining, welding automation, and fabrication. The company's facilities include a steel foundry that can produce castings from 5 kg to 500 kg per month, an aluminum foundry using die casting and sand casting from grams to 5 kg per month, and a machining department. Yoke also has specialty welding and coating capabilities such as hard facing, stellite welding overlays, and nickel plating.
Richmond Steel - Business Profile and Training PresentationPatrick Olszewski
Richmond Steel was established in 1988 and specializes in custom steel fabrications and machine builds. It has two locations with over 25 employees. The document provides details on Richmond Steel's machinery, including two lasers, press brakes, shears, saws, and welding equipment. It also gives examples of past projects involving laser cutting, powder coating, welding, and fabricating large and complex structures for automotive and other industrial customers.
The document summarizes a report on a summer training internship at Jindal Steels and Power Ltd (JSPL) in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh, India. It discusses projects and sites visited during the 50-day internship, including the Corporate Tower Project, speedfloor construction, an ash dyke site, and a blast furnace and stock home site. Key learnings included understanding civil engineering techniques, speedfloor and foam concrete construction, safety issues for large ash dykes, and retaining wall needs for backfilling. The internship provided valuable insights into various aspects of civil engineering.
The iron and steel industry in India has experienced steady growth since independence. Key developments include the establishment of the first modern steel plant in 1907 in Jamshedpur. After independence, major plants were set up under public sector control. Today, India is the 7th largest steel producer globally, driven by strong domestic demand from infrastructure, real estate, and automobiles. Major integrated producers include SAIL, Tata Steel, and RINL.
IRJET- Tribological Evaluation of LM26 Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites.IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that evaluated the tribological properties of aluminum LM26 metal matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide particles. Specifically, it:
1) Fabricated aluminum LM26 composites with 5%, 10%, and 15% silicon carbide reinforcement by weight using stir casting. Samples were tested on a pin-on-disk tribometer under loads of 40-60N, sliding velocities of 2-6m/s.
2) Testing results showed that wear rate increased with increasing load but decreased with higher silicon carbide content, providing improved wear resistance. Sliding velocity had a negligible effect on wear characteristics.
3) The study concluded that aluminum LM26 composites showed potential for
2011 deep research report on global and china mono crystalline silicon pullin...qyresearch
This document provides a summary and table of contents for a 128-page research report on the global and Chinese mono-crystalline silicon pulling furnace industry in 2011. The report includes details on manufacturers, production capacities and market shares, demand and supply trends, costs and profits for furnaces from 2008-2012. It also includes feasibility analysis for a project to build 1000 sets of furnaces in China. The document is available for purchase from the publisher QYResearch for the stated prices.
Improvement of refractory in nippon steelRadi Nasr
This document summarizes improvements in refractory technology at Nippon Steel Corporation over the past 20 years. Specific refractory consumption has decreased from around 9.5 kg/t-s to 7.5 kg/t-s through advances in materials, construction, repair, and recycling. The proportion of monolithic refractories has increased from 30% to around 70% through improvements to construction technology. Furnace maintenance costs have also been reduced through mechanization and better labor management.
2012 deep research report on china special steel industrysmarter2011
This document provides a 182-page research report on China's special steel industry in 2012. It analyzes special steel definitions, classifications, manufacturing processes, product structures, applications and consumption trends. It also examines the productions, capacities, market shares and financial performances of China's 32 major special steel manufacturers as well as 11 other manufacturers. Key findings include that automotive and machinery industries are the largest consumers of special steel, and special steel production has been growing steadily in China with rising demand. The report aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the special steel industry in China.
Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP) is one of the largest integrated steel plants in India. It produces steel products like rails, plates, structural steel and wire rods. Major departments visited include the Rail and Structural Mill, Plate Mill, and Steel Melting Shop. The Rail and Structural Mill has a capacity of 7.5 lakh tonnes per year and produces rails, beams, channels, angles and crossings. The Plate Mill has a capacity of 9.5 lakh tonnes per year and produces plates from 8-120mm thick. The Telecommunication Department provides reliable communication systems across the plant including telephone exchanges, shop floor equipment, and cable networks.
Smithy provides open die forgings and customized specialty steels for critical applications from its integrated steel mill and forging facilities. It has melting, forging, heat treatment, and machining operations at a single location for faster deliveries and competitive prices. The company exports to over 14 countries, serving industries such as defense, engineering, oil and gas, and shipbuilding. It has numerous national and international approvals and accreditations.
This document provides an overview of Smithy, an integrated steel producer located in India. Smithy has two plants that produce forgings and engineered products across three verticals using an integrated process of melting, forging, heat treatment, and machining. Key capabilities mentioned include production of forgings up to 8 tons, heat treatment up to 15 tons, and machining of components up to 1350mm in size. The document outlines Smithy's production facilities, metallurgy and quality assurance processes, industries served, global clientele, and approvals.
This document provides background information on the establishment of Pakistan Steel Mills (PSM). PSM was founded in 1973 to reduce Pakistan's dependence on imported steel and iron, which were critical inputs for industrialization. It took over 20 years to resolve issues around raw materials, production capacity, site location, equipment procurement, and financing. PSM was eventually built near Karachi with technical assistance from the Soviet Union. It began production in 1981 and now has an annual capacity of 1.1 million tons, though it is unable to meet domestic steel demand due to capacity constraints.
Manufacturing engineering and technology - Schmid and Kalpakjianjagdeep_jd
The document discusses the structure of metals and their mechanical properties. It begins with an outline of chapter topics, including crystal structures (BCC, FCC, HCP), defects, slip and deformation, dislocations, solidification, and grain size. Tables provide data on mechanical properties and homologous temperature ranges for various metalworking processes. Figures show stress-strain curves, tensile testing specimens and machines, and the relationships between engineering and true stress/strain. The document provides an overview of the key concepts relating to metal structure and mechanical behavior.
Steelmaking and Iron Products (Cast Iron, Compacted Graphite Irons, Ductile I...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
The iron and steel industry is one of the most important industries in India. Most iron and steel in India is produced from iron ore. The Indian Ministry of Steel is concerned with: the coordination and planning of the growth and development of the iron and steel industry in the country, both in the public and private sectors; formulation of policies with respect to production, pricing, distribution, import and export of iron and steel, Ferro alloys and refractories; and the development of input industries relating to iron ore, manganese ore, chrome ore and refractories etc., required mainly by the steel industry.
Tags
Cast Iron Production, Development of iron and steel industry in India, Foundry process of cast iron, Grey cast iron, How iron is made, How is iron manufactured?, How is iron produced?, How is Steel Produced, How to Start a Steel Business, How to Start a Steel Production Business, How to start a successful Steel iron business, How to Start an Iron & Steel Business, How to Start an Iron Business, How to Start an Iron Production Business, How to Start Iron Business, How to Start Iron making Industry in India, How to start steel factory, How to Start Steelmaking Industry in India, Indian Iron Industry, Indian Steel Industry, Iron & Steel Business ideas and Opportunities, Iron and steel industry in India, Iron and Steel Manufacturing, Iron and steel manufacturing process, Iron and Steel Production, Iron and Steel, Iron Based Profitable Projects, Iron business in India, Iron industry in India, Iron making Industry in India, Iron making process, Iron making Projects, Iron Production Process, Ironmaking and Steelmaking, Major Iron and Steel Plants of India, Malleable cast iron, Manufacture of steel, Manufacturing Process for Iron and Steel, Modern steel making technology, Most Profitable Steel Iron Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Iron making industry, New small scale ideas in Steelmaking industry, Process of making steel from iron ore, Process of steelmaking, Production of compacted graphite irons, Production of ductile iron, Profitable Iron & Steel Business Ideas, Profitable Small Scale Steel iron manufacturing, Raw Materials for Steelmaking, Setting up a Steel Factory Business in India, Setting up and opening your Steel iron Business, Small scale Commercial Steel iron making, Small scale Steel iron production line, Starting a Steel Business, Starting a Steelmaking Business, Starting an Iron Business, Starting an Iron making Business, Starting Steel Mini Mill Startup Business, Start-up Business Plan for Iron and Steel, Steel and iron Business, Steel and iron industry, Steel and iron production, Steel business plan, Steel Industry in India, Steel iron making machine factory, Steel iron Making Small Business Manufacturing, Steel making process in detail, Steel making process steps, Steel making Projects, Steel manufacturing process
2012 deep research report on china alumina industrysmarter2011
The document is a 173-page research report on China's alumina industry published in May 2012. It provides in-depth analysis of alumina production, capacity, supply and demand in China from 2009-2016. It also examines key alumina manufacturers, production technologies, raw material sources, costs, development trends and environmental issues like red mud disposal. The report aims to give stakeholders a comprehensive overview of the China alumina industry and help them make informed business decisions.
Webinar: 'Applying carbon capture and storage to a Chinese steel plant.' Feas...Global CCS Institute
The document summarizes a feasibility study conducted by Toshiba Corporation on applying carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology to a steel plant in China. It discusses two potential cases for installing a CCS facility at Shougang Jingtang Steel Works that would capture 300 tons of CO2 per day. Case 1 involves capturing CO2 from the plant's lime kiln flue gas, while Case 2 focuses on capturing CO2 from hot blast stove flue gas. Both cases evaluate using hot blast stove flue gas as a heat source for CO2 recovery. The presentation provides details on plant layout, economics evaluation, and outstanding issues for further investigation.
'Applying carbon capture and storage to a Chinese steel plant.' Feasibility s...Global CCS Institute
The Global CCS Institute has recently published a feasibility study report on applying carbon capture and storage (CCS) to a steel plant in China. Toshiba was commissioned to conduct the study in collaboration with Chinese corporations.
The feasibility suggests that carbon capture in Chinese steel plants is a cost effective means of reducing carbon emissions compared with similar plants around the world. In this webinar, Toshiba presented on the major findings of this feasibility study.
The document outlines the 2010 program plan for EPRI's CoalFleet for Tomorrow program, which aims to accelerate deployment of advanced coal-based power plants. It describes 3 project sets focusing on (1) engineering and economic evaluations of combustion and gasification technologies, (2) support for gasification projects, and (3) design guidelines for ultra-supercritical pulverized coal plants and carbon capture technologies. Key 2010 deliverables include technology assessments, design specifications, economic studies, and reports on materials development programs and the National Carbon Capture Center.
Qyresearch:2012 deep research report on global and china carbon fiber industrysmarter2011
This document provides a summary of the 2012 Deep Research Report on Global and China Carbon Fiber Industry published by QYResearch Carbon Fiber Research Center. The 90-page report analyzed the carbon fiber industry globally and in China, including industry overview, manufacturing process, application analysis, manufacturing cost analysis, profiles of 22 major manufacturers, and market outlook. Key findings included global and China production, demand, price trends for 2009-2015; manufacturers' market shares and financial data; and supply/demand development trends.
1) The document discusses Japan's goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050 and the role of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in achieving that goal.
2) It outlines a new Japanese government project to study the feasibility of CCS technology, including investigating potential CO2 storage sites and studying an integrated transportation and storage system using shuttle ships.
3) The project aims to examine the environmental impacts of CO2 absorbents and facilitate the introduction of zero carbon emission power plants equipped with CCS in Japan.
Guy Cunliffe Energy Benchmarks for Sector Reporting7391456
This document summarizes an energy study of the domestic iron and steel industry in South Africa. It provides background on the project objectives and methodology, an overview of the South African steel sector challenges and production processes. It then estimates the current average energy intensity of steel production in South Africa, compares it to international benchmarks, and discusses guidelines for implementing energy management systems to improve efficiency. Going forward, it plans a more detailed study of four key industries to develop baseline scenarios and assess energy savings potential through 2050.
1. The document analyzes the role of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) in decarbonizing heavy industry through long-term energy system modeling.
2. It finds that CCUS faces strong competition from hydrogen in steel but is essential in cement. Carbon capture could help produce clean fuels through utilization but clean production routes may be more important than more capture units for deep decarbonization.
3. An 80% industry decarbonization policy has twice the total annual cost as pathways aligned with the Paris Agreement goals.
Shenhua ccs program strategy and accomplishments for China Ren Xiankun 2009Steve Wittrig
This document discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS) in China's coal-to-liquids and coal chemical industries. It notes that Shenhua Group, China's largest coal producer, is actively researching CCS to reduce CO2 emissions from its coal gasification and chemical processes. Specifically, Shenhua is collaborating on projects to study capturing and storing CO2 from its direct coal liquefaction plant and investigating CCS opportunities at its proposed coal chemical facilities. The document outlines various technical and policy suggestions to help advance CCS in China, such as considering CO2 storage when siting new energy and chemical projects.
An Update on Gas CCS Project: Effective Adsorbents for Establishing Solids Looping as a Next Generation NG PCC Technology - presentation by Colin Snape in the Natural Gas CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
2011 deep research report on china solar grade polysilicon industrysmarter2011
This document is a 227-page report from 2011 on the solar grade polysilicon industry in China. It provides an overview of polysilicon manufacturing technologies, the global and China supply and demand outlook, profiles of major international and Chinese polysilicon producers, and a feasibility analysis of a 3000 tonne per year polysilicon project in China. The report sells for $2500 and contains 290 tables and figures of industry data from 2008-2015. It was published by QY Research Group in China.
2011 deep research report on china solar grade polysilicon industryqyresearch
This document is a 227-page report from 2011 on the solar grade polysilicon industry in China. It provides an overview of polysilicon manufacturing technologies, the global and China supply and demand outlook, profiles of major international and Chinese polysilicon producers, and a feasibility analysis of a 3000 tonne per year polysilicon project in China. The report sells for $2500 and contains 290 tables and figures of industry data from 2008-2015. It was published by QY Research Group in China.
2011 deep research report on china solar grade polysilicon industrysmarter2011
This document is a 227-page report from 2011 on the solar grade polysilicon industry in China. It provides an overview of polysilicon, its manufacturing processes including Siemens, FBR and physical methods. It also profiles major global and Chinese polysilicon manufacturers, discusses polysilicon project costs and feasibility, and forecasts supply/demand from 2011-2015. The report aims to provide in-depth research on China's polysilicon industry through analysis of production, pricing, technology and key players.
2011 deep research report on china solar grade polysilicon industrysmarter2011
This document is a 227-page report from 2011 on the solar grade polysilicon industry in China. It provides an overview of polysilicon manufacturing technologies, the global and China supply and demand outlook, profiles of major international and Chinese polysilicon producers, and a feasibility analysis of a 3000 tonne per year polysilicon project in China. The report includes detailed data, figures, and tables on production capacities, costs, prices, and other metrics for the global polysilicon industry from 2008 to 2015. It is available for purchase from the publisher QY Research Group for $2500.
This document summarizes a life cycle assessment of carbon capture applications in Thailand's natural gas power and cement industries. It finds that oxyfuel combustion provides the best balance of economic and environmental impacts for both industries. Specifically:
1. Oxyfuel combustion reduces CO2 emissions by 70-85% with a 6-10% increase in other environmental impacts and costs.
2. Significant financial support is needed due to the high costs of carbon capture technologies.
3. Oxyfuel combustion is recommended for both the natural gas power and cement industries in Thailand based on balancing economic and environmental factors.
4. Future technological advancements could help make carbon capture more viable.
Response to Climate Change (incl. case of Carbon Capture)Shibojyoti Dutta
The presentation contained context of Iron & Steel w.r.t. Climate Change, response of sector in India and Tata Steel. Sustainable solution offered by Tata Steel and brief discussion on Carbon Capture prospects at BF at the National seminar on “Environmental Prisnciples, Policies and Climate Change” organised by Indian Institute of Metals - Kolkata Chapter on 16 Dec 2010 at Taj Bengal, Kolkata
The economics of industrial CCS projects at existing UK sites by 2025: Our approach, some findings and some questions - plenary presentation given by Harsh Pershad at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
This document summarizes strategies for reducing carbon emissions in the cement industry as outlined in the Cement Industry Technology Roadmap. It discusses various levers such as clinker reformulation, energy efficiency improvements, use of biogenic and alternative fuels, and clinker substitution. Specific technologies covered include oxy-fuel combustion, post-combustion carbon capture, and use of algae to sequester CO2 from cement plant flue gases. The document evaluates the potential and challenges of different approaches and provides recommendations for industry-wide cooperation on reducing carbon emissions.
2010 deep research report on china solar grade polysilcon industryqyresearch
The document is a 221-page research report from 2010 on the solar grade polysilicon industry in China. It provides an overview of polysilicon manufacturing technologies, the global and China polysilicon market status from 2008-2014 including production, supply, demand and price trends. It also profiles 24 global and 30 Chinese major polysilicon manufacturers, detailing their production capacities, costs, profits and expansion plans for 2008-2014.
Costs for CO2 capture in cement manufacture - Duncan Barker, Mott MacDonaldGlobal CCS Institute
The document summarizes information from a presentation given by Duncan Barker on costs for CO2 capture in cement manufacture. It provides background on different CO2 capture technologies for cement plants, including post-combustion and oxy-combustion capture. It also shares cost data from previous studies on retrofitting and new-build cement plants with CO2 capture, which found total costs ranging from €46-107 per tonne of CO2 avoided. The challenges of accurately estimating CO2 capture costs for the cement industry are discussed.
Project Route Map - OMC South Kaliapani Chromite UG MineTapas Das
M.N. Dastur & Company is a consulting engineering firm established in 1955 in Kolkata, India. It has over 2,000 employees and has successfully completed over 1,000 industrial projects globally, including in steel, power, mining and other industries. The document discusses M.N. Dastur & Company providing engineering services for the development of an underground chromite mine in Odisha, India owned by Odisha Mining Corporation. The services will include feasibility studies, exploration works, mine planning, engineering design, and project management during construction and operation of the mine.
This document provides the standard terms of reference for environmental impact assessment reports for projects requiring environmental clearance in India. It discusses key concepts in environmental impact assessment, including sustainable development, pollution control strategies, and tools for preventive environmental management. The introduction aims to guide project proponents in preparing EIA/EMP reports and to streamline the process of obtaining environmental clearance.
This document summarizes a report on greenhouse gas mitigation opportunities in India's electricity sector through 2031. It provides an overview of India's electricity sector, including historical energy consumption and emissions trends. Baseline forecasts predict rising electricity production, energy use, and emissions through 2031. The report evaluates options to mitigate emissions growth in the sector, including deploying renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and adopting cleaner coal technologies. It constructs a marginal abatement cost curve to assess these options and their costs. The analysis aims to inform India's climate policies and implementation strategies.
Technical guidance manual for thermal pp for moef by ilfsProbodh Mallick
This document provides a technical guidance manual for conducting environmental impact assessments of thermal power plants in India. It was prepared by IL&FS Ecosmart Limited for the Ministry of Environment and Forests. The document outlines key aspects of conducting EIAs for thermal power plants, including describing the industrial processes, potential environmental impacts, applicable regulations, and steps in the EIA and decision making process. It provides guidance on scoping, impact assessment, mitigation measures, reporting, and monitoring. The document is intended to help standardize and strengthen EIA practice for thermal power projects in India.
This document summarizes the results of a nationwide study in India to identify potential sites for pumped storage hydropower projects. It identifies 63 sites totaling 96,500 MW of potential capacity. The western region has the largest potential at 41% of the total. Currently, 9 projects totaling 4,785 MW are in operation, though only 2,600 MW are truly operating in pumping mode. 4 additional projects totaling 2,580 MW are under construction. Tentatively, an additional 8,620 MW at 10 sites are planned to be completed by 2030. An additional proposed 1,350 MW project would be included in planning once officially submitted.
The document appears to be an appendix from the Central Electricity Authority related to India's National Electricity Plan. It likely contains supplementary details and data to support the projections and strategies outlined in the main plan for developing India's power sector. In 3 sentences or less, the appendix aims to provide additional information and analysis to aid in India's national electric grid and generation expansion over the coming years.
A turbomachine is defined as a device that transfers energy to or from a continuously flowing fluid using one or more moving blade rows. Turbomachines are classified into two main categories - those that absorb power to increase fluid pressure like compressors and pumps, and those that produce power by expanding fluid to a lower pressure like turbines. They are further categorized based on the flow path, which can be axial, radial, or mixed, and by the compressibility and pressure changes in the fluid flow through the rotor.
Hydropower harnesses the energy of flowing water to generate electricity. Water is diverted from a river or reservoir through a penstock to spin turbines, which turn generators to produce electricity. Advanced turbine designs aim to minimize environmental impacts like fish injury and mortality. The DOE is funding projects to develop more fish-friendly turbine concepts and test designs that use gradual pressure reduction and minimize contact with blades to reduce stress on fish passing through turbines.
This document outlines the Government of Uttarakhand's policy for harnessing renewable energy sources with private sector participation. It aims to tap the state's significant potential for hydroelectric power (estimated at over 20,000 MW), as well as other renewable sources like biomass, waste-to-energy, solar, wind and geothermal power. Specific targets are set to develop over 1,000 MW of renewable capacity by 2020 through micro, mini and small hydro projects (600 MW), cogeneration (220 MW), biomass/waste (300 MW) and other sources. The policy provides measures like tax incentives to encourage private investment and help meet rural energy needs through decentralized renewable projects.
The document discusses accelerating hydropower development in India. It notes that while India has large hydropower potential, only a small portion has been developed so far. Recent renewable energy targets and expected electricity demand increases necessitate greater reliance on hydropower due to its ability to support the grid and balance the variability of renewables like solar and wind. However, hydropower development in India faces barriers like land acquisition challenges, environmental clearances, and lack of long-term power purchase agreements that increase costs. The document proposes an action plan to address these issues and create a level playing field for hydropower to attract more private sector investment and accelerate its development.
The hydropower sector in India has consistently failed to achieve its capacity addition targets each year since 2008-2009. As of November 2017, around 38 hydropower projects totaling 11,650.5 MW were facing significant delays and cost overruns. The average time overrun for hydropower projects is estimated at six years, with some projects delayed by over 10 years. Issues causing delays include land acquisition challenges, lengthy approval processes, rehabilitation concerns of local communities, and geological surprises. Cost overruns have also been substantial, with the average project seeing a breach of about 18.5 billion rupees. To address these issues, the government needs to streamline approvals, engage local communities, provide incentives for timely completion
Cheniere Energy is developing liquefaction facilities at Sabine Pass and Corpus Christi to export natural gas. At Sabine Pass, Trains 1-4 are under construction with fixed price contracts and are expected to come online between late 2015 and 2017. Trains 5-6 are under development. The facilities will have a total capacity of 27 million tonnes per annum. Cheniere has 20-year contracts with major companies to export the LNG.
The document provides an introduction to a booklet on ocean sciences created by the Geological Society of India. It summarizes that the Department of Ocean Development requested the booklet to educate the general public in multiple languages. The Geological Society took on the project with help from experts. The president expresses gratitude to the contributors and hopes the booklet will increase children's interest in ocean exploration.
This document provides an analysis of electricity trading in the over-the-counter (OTC) market for February 2014. It finds that the volume and number of contracts decreased compared to January, and prices were higher in the OTC market than power exchanges. A forward price curve is presented based on OTC contracts, and post-facto analysis finds the weighted average delivery price of OTC contracts was consistently higher than daily exchange prices. Annexes provide additional details on contract volumes and prices by week and participating traders.
The document summarizes regulatory updates in India's renewable energy and REC markets in March 2016. Key points include:
- CERC published its 4th amendment to REC regulations which will make many existing projects ineligible for RECs, significantly reducing REC issuance by an estimated 40-50%.
- State regulators in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Jharkhand issued new regulations related to distribution open access, retail electricity tariffs, and forecasting and scheduling of wind and solar projects.
- REC trading volumes increased in March as obligated entities fulfilled their annual RPO targets, though overall RPO compliance remains low with over 1.3 crore unsold RECs remaining.
This document discusses energy efficiency in coal fired power stations in India. It provides statistics on plant load factors, installed capacity by fuel type, and generation by source over time. It also discusses efforts to improve efficiency through adoption of supercritical technology, renovation and modernization programs, retirement of old units, and training programs like IGEN to promote better plant operation and maintenance practices. Overall, the document outlines India's experience with coal power generation and various strategies to enhance efficiency.
The document discusses operations and maintenance (O&M) practices at thermal power stations to improve efficiency. It provides examples from Kyushu Electric Power Co., which has implemented preventative and condition-based maintenance programs. Key measures taken by Kyushu include periodic inspections and replacements, improving boiler components like soot blowers and burners, and rehabilitating turbines by replacing aged parts to maintain efficiency over the plant lifetime.
The document provides an overview of the ICIS European Power Trading Report for the full year of 2014. The report analyzes market developments in European power markets, including established and emerging markets. It covers topics like trading activity and liquidity, price drivers, supply and demand fundamentals, and cross-border trading. The report is intended to help readers understand market changes, identify trading opportunities, and make strategic planning decisions.
This document provides an interim report from the Expert Group on Low Carbon Strategies for Inclusive Growth in India. It summarizes the group's approach and work conducted so far. The group was tasked with developing strategies for India's Twelfth Five Year Plan to pursue low carbon inclusive growth. Initial work focused on identifying options to reduce greenhouse gas emission intensity across key sectors of the Indian economy, including power, transport, industry, buildings and forestry. Preliminary analysis suggests emission intensity could be reduced 23-25% by 2022 through determined efforts and 33-35% through more aggressive efforts. Further analysis of costs and macroeconomic impacts is still needed.
This document provides guidelines for the management and handling of phosphogypsum generated from phosphoric acid plants in India. It discusses the phosphoric acid manufacturing process, which produces phosphogypsum as a byproduct. It outlines the characteristics and environmental impacts of phosphogypsum. The guidelines cover best practices for the storage, management, handling, disposal, and beneficial use of phosphogypsum to minimize environmental impacts. It also provides a monitoring protocol for phosphogypsum storage areas.
This document lists 166 accredited EIA consultant organizations in India as of September 5, 2013. It provides details of each organization such as their name, address, contact information, and scope of accreditation based on the sectors and projects types they are approved to work on according to the National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET) scheme. The sectors range from mining and minerals to industries like thermal power plants, cement, textiles, and chemicals. Some organizations have conditional or provisional accreditation.
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In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
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China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
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The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
Profiles of Iconic Fashion Personalities.pdfTTop Threads
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[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This PowerPoint compilation offers a comprehensive overview of 20 leading innovation management frameworks and methodologies, selected for their broad applicability across various industries and organizational contexts. These frameworks are valuable resources for a wide range of users, including business professionals, educators, and consultants.
Each framework is presented with visually engaging diagrams and templates, ensuring the content is both informative and appealing. While this compilation is thorough, please note that the slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be sufficient for standalone instructional purposes.
This compilation is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of innovation management and drive meaningful change within their organization. Whether you aim to improve product development processes, enhance customer experiences, or drive digital transformation, these frameworks offer valuable insights and tools to help you achieve your goals.
INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
1. Stanford’s Design Thinking
2. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design
3. Strategyzer’s Business Model Innovation
4. Lean Startup Methodology
5. Agile Innovation Framework
6. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation
7. McKinsey’s Three Horizons of Growth
8. Customer Journey Map
9. Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory
10. Blue Ocean Strategy
11. Strategyn’s Jobs-To-Be-Done (JTBD) Framework with Job Map
12. Design Sprint Framework
13. The Double Diamond
14. Lean Six Sigma DMAIC
15. TRIZ Problem-Solving Framework
16. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
17. Stage-Gate Model
18. Toyota’s Six Steps of Kaizen
19. Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
20. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
4. Comparison of Energy Efficiency
4
1. Overview
Source: Estimates by RITE from IEA (2006), IISI (2005) etc.
100
117
120 122
125 127 129
132 134 136
107
80
100
120
140
日 韓 独 仏 英 米 加 中 印 豪 露
Japan
Korea
Germany
France
UK
USA
Canada
China
India
Australia
Russia
6. 4.7
Kyoto
40%
Uni-
lateral:
“pleadge and
review” action
World-wide
100%
13.2
1.8
Coverage
EU15
0.3Other EU
1.2CIS
0.2Canada
Japan
1.5Others
1.0USA
0.1Australia
0.5India
0.5Korea
China 4.9
1.2
Multi-lateral:
worldsteel GSSA
8.4
APP
60%
Seven-lateral:
APP
6.16.1
China-Japan
50%
Bi-lateral:
nippon-chugoku
Overview of Steel’s Sector-based Approaches
World-wide crude steel production (2007)
6
1. Overview
108ton/year, 2007Cy crude steel production
●Sectoral approaches with
various levels.
7. Overview of APP
APP:Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate
・Established at 2005
・Australia, Canada, China, India, Japan, Korea, USA
【Focusing on Energy and SOx/NOx issues】
【Government-Private Partnership with small number of nations】
Characteristics
of APP
• Huge potential for CO2 emissions reduction
– APP seven nations CO2 emissions are approx. 60% of a whole world.
• Technology oriented, sector-based and bottom-
up approach
• Government-Private collaborations
– Non-legally binding
– Dynamism of private sector and potential for R&D activated
7
2. GSSA-APP
●Sectoral approach is ongoing with achieving milestones.
8. APP structure
<Benefit of sector-based approach>
• Based on the actual technical situations of each sector, it is possible to evaluate
accurate and practical potential of CO2 emissions reduction.
• Energy efficiency of developed and developing countries can be evaluated.
• Best practices can be shared in the easier way.
• Practical projects can be Implemented.
8
PIC
(USA)
CFE
(Australia)
REDG
(Korea)
PTG
(USA)
Steel
(Japan)
Aluminium
(Australia)
Cement
(Japan)
Coal
(USA)
BA
(Korea)
( ) : Chair
PIC: Policy and implementation Committee
CFE: Cleaner Fossil Energy, REDG: Renewable Energy and Distributed Generation, PGT: Power
Generation and Transmission, Coal: Coal Mining, BA: Buildings and Appliances
2. GSSA-APP
9. APP Steel TFSteel TF / Sectoral Approach
:High coverage / Over 60% of crude steel production
:Technology oriented / Experts of steel industry participates
:Government – Private collaboration
APP
Possible milestoneSet ambitious and realistic
milestone
Set milestone
Energy efficiency survey
Potential survey
Proposal for improvement
Flagship project selection
Diagnosis on selected site
Implement flagship project
Model project
approach
Diffusion Survey of SOACT
Energy intensity Survey by common boundary
Barrier Survey
Review current status
SOACT handbook
Workshop
Share state of the art save
energy technology
General
approach
ActionPurposeStep
Application of SOACT
Energy intensity
Others
9
3- 1) APP-data&target
10. SOACT Handbook is
under compiling to be
shared state-of-the-art
clean technologies
relating environmental
protection and energy
saving by the member
countries.
22 of environmental protection
technologies and 42 of energy saving
technologies are compiled.
By the end of 2007,
<Steel T/F Action-1>
SOACT handbook (project-5)
SOACT is posted on the APP Website in Jan. 2008
http://asiapacificpartnership.org/
10
3- 1) APP-data&target
11. <Steel T/F Action-2>
Establish of Common Methodology
to Identity Reduction Potential and Performance Benchmarking
Step-1: Status Review
Diffusion rate of technologies
Intensity benchmarking
Step-2: Reduction potential
Step-3: Target setting
A common Methodology
setting for benchmarking
Formula
Boundary
Conversion
Factors
Selection of technologies for survey
from a common data base, SOACT handbook
Diffusion Survey
Barriers Survey
Intensity Survey
11
3- 1) APP-data&target
●Step-by-step approach for target setting.
12. Major technology for energy saving and environment
protection
Utilization of slag, sludge and dustRecycling
Flue Gas and Water Treatment
Evacuation
Basic Oxygen
Furnace
Direct Reduced Iron
Regenerative Burner
PCI : Pulverized Coal Injection
Hot Stove heat recovery
TRT
Flue Gas Treatment
Blast Furnace
SCOPE21
CMC : Coal Moisture Control
CDQ : Coke Dry Quenching
Cokes
Waste heat recovery
Flue Gas Treatment
Sinter
Technology for Steel IndustryProcess
Power generation by Waste Heat
Recovery Technology(CDQ)
12
3- 1) APP-data&target
13. CO2 Mitigation Potential by
technology diffusion (APP)
13
3- 1) APP-data&target
20.24
5.27
5.14
5.30
3.65
0.86
9.57
4.98
36.09
36.10
0 10 20 30 40
CDQ
Coal moisture control
COG Recovery
Sinter Waste Heat Recovery
BFG Recovery
TRT
PCI
Hot Stove Waste Heat Recovery
BOF Gas Recovery
BOF Gas Sensible Heat Recovery
million t / year
CO2 emissions reduction Potential
127 million t-CO2/year
14. A common methodology for
target setting , discussion has just started, to be a
main agenda in the 6th Steel Task Force in Beijing.
14
Identifying
Huge
potential ?
Best Performer
Group
Challenging Target setting?
Or grouping?
Worst
Performer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
CO2排出量
Baseline-1: “グローバル・トップランナー方式“
Bseline-2: “Cap and Trade”
EnergyIntensity
3- 1) APP-data&target
●Using collected data, target setting will be issue. A common
methodology for target setting should be discussed & shared.
15. ◆Short / Medium-term target
-Deploy existing technology
-Focused to the theoretical limit at the year of xx.
-Different milestone for each producer
◆Long term target
-CO2 Break through program
2005
EnergyEfficiency
Timeframe
20
2020 xx
30
CO2 Break through
technology
Theoretical
Limit of
BF/BOF
Steel Making
Process
CO2 BT develop
BAT transfer
[ Gj/t ]
Time-scope for APP
Mid-term Target Setting
Conceptual Image for Integrated Steel Plants
(under preliminary discussion by the Expert Group)
3- 1) APP-data&target
15
●A common? for longer-term and differentiated for mid-term?
16. <Steel T/F Action-3>
Technology deployment based on performance diagnosis
Step-1: Site visit (Project-4)
Fact findings
Recommendations
Step-2: Prioritization and selection of actual flagship projects using results of site visits
Step-3: Proposal to the Steel Task Force as actual model projects.
Appropriate and suitable implementations from
SOACT for each steelworks
Energy saving
SOx, NOx etc.
On-site evaluations, candidate technologies for improvement of a
particular steelworks
Compilation of all
sites data and list-up
the candidate
projects
-Barriers for realization (financial, technological etc.)
-Cost-effectiveness etc.
Evaluation and prioritization
of all candidate projects
16
3- 2) APP-cooperation
●Another step-by-step approach for acceleration/promotion of
technology transfer/diffusion among APP seven nations.
17. Beijing
〇
●China
Mongolia
①①TaiyuanTaiyuan((太原太原))::JFEJFE
②②JinanJinan((済南済南)) ::Nippon SteelNippon Steel、、KobeKobe
③③JiangyinJiangyin((江陰江陰))::SumitomoSumitomo
ScheduleSchedule:: Dec. 2007Dec. 2007
33~~44 Specialists/Experts (from Japan)Specialists/Experts (from Japan)
at each siteat each site
China (3plants)
Taiyuan
(太原)
●
●
Jinan
(済南)
Jiangyin
(江陰)
Technology Transfer China Sites
17
3- 2) APP-cooperation
18. Information of China Sites
18
3- 2) APP-cooperation
Steel bar
(Special steel)
2.3Jiangyin
Hot rolled steel
Heavy plate
Steel bar
11.2Jinan
Stainless steel6.4Taiyuan
Main productSteel production
(million ton 2006)
Site
China Steel Statistics
20. Technology Transfer India Site
スライド 1
Steel Plants to be surveyedSteel Plants to be surveyed
SAIL(Rourkela): Conducted in January 2008
Another 5 Works: Will be conducted one after the other after April 2008
Essar Steel Ltd. (Hazira)
Ispat Industries Ltd. (Dolvi)
JSW Steel (Vijayanagar)
Tata Steel Ltd. (Jamshedpur)
SAIL (Rourkela)
Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd.
(Visakhapatnam)
20
3- 2) APP-cooperation
21. India Site-SAIL(Rourkela)
Overview of the steel plant
21
3- 2) APP-cooperation
・ The Rourkela Steel Plant of SAIL is an integrated steel
plant of an annual crude steel production of two
million tons, mainly producing steel sheets and pipes.
・They are highly conscious of energy conservation and
environmental protection as they are conducting their
own unique measures.
・Since blast furnace ignition in 1959, the existing
facilities have been altered and renewed but enough
energy conservation facilities have not been introduced
partly because many facilities have small capacities.
・ In addition, the regulations about atmospheric
environmental conservation are still loose and
environmental protection facilities have not been
introduced enough.
23. Results of Site visit by the experts.
Energy Conservation Measures
23
3- 2) APP-cooperation
Steel Plant B
No. Subject
Energy
Reduction
Potential
(TJ/year)
CO2 Reduction
Potential
(kt-CO2/year)
1 Improvement of LDG recovery rate 2,138 244
2
Improvement of sensible heat recovery
recovered from steel converter
568 32
3
Blast furnace top equivalent pressure gas
recovery (TGR)
105 12
4
Blast furnace hot stove waste heat hot air
recovery etc.
3,500 400
5
Effective utilization of reheating furnace
skid boiler fired heater skid steam
539 54
6
Improvement of unit specific fuel
consumption of by sintering plant
480 55
7
Improvement of unit specific fuel
consumption of cokes conversion
1,950 223
8
Improvement of unit specific fuel
consumption of hot rolling mill reheating
furnace
840 96
9
Reduction of Gby-product gas diffusion
reduction (installation of new BTG)
8,424 963
Total 18,544 2,080
TJ : 1012J, kt : 103t
24. Results of Site visit by the experts.
Environmental Protection Measures
24
3- 2) APP-cooperation
Steel Plant B
1 ・Reinforcement of SOx regulations and enforcement of
sinter exhaust gas desulphurization by 2010.
・Pilot tests on the original method are conducted at sinter
plant.
・ Recommendation of another method, such as
activated-coke-type, should be examined with
consideration of future regulation trends (such as NOx and
dioxin).
2 Recommendation of online monitoring to deal with the
increase of NOx due to abnormal heating.
25. Results of Site visit by the experts.
CO2 emissions reduction potential
25
3- 2) APP-cooperation
●So far four site-visits, identifying a set of appropriate
technologies for each site and also reduction potential.
Estimation of CO2 emissions reduction potential as results of sites visit
Energy saving CO2reduction
(TJ/y) (kt-CO2/y)
China AA - -
BB 18,544 2,080
CC 2,308 279
China total 20,852 2,359
India D 9,209 1,019
Site
26. Recent Topics
26
3- 2) APP-cooperation
1.1. China SitesChina Sites
2525thth Nov. at BeijingNov. at Beijing
Follow up meeting of 2007 sites survey.Follow up meeting of 2007 sites survey.
2.2. India Sites Sites surveyIndia Sites Sites survey
TATATATA((12/312/3--5 NIPPON STEEL, KOBE STEEL)5 NIPPON STEEL, KOBE STEEL)
RINL (12/8RINL (12/8--10 JFE, SUMITOMO METAL)10 JFE, SUMITOMO METAL)
27. World SteelWorld Steel’’s CO2 Breakthroughs CO2 Breakthrough
ProgramProgram October 2003~October 2003~
North American
Program
South
American
Program
Korea
Program
*Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking
CO2 separation
Hydrogen production etc.
Japan
Program
JISF
Phase-1: Seeds R&D (until 2008)
Phase-2: Pilot project(2009~)
Phase-3: Demonstration Plant
EU
ULCOS
3-3). Long term
R&D
27
Australia
Program
Eletrolysis etc.
CCS, H2, BFG recycling with
CO2 separation
28. (IISI Policy Statement with a shared vision)
③A common methodology
CO2 intensity and energy intensity calculation
GSSAGuideline
⑤CO2 Breakthrough Program
and acceleration of technology establishment
①A common technology handbook?
②A common methodology
for target- (CO2 intensity-) setting①SOACT handbook
⑥A common 2050 vision/scenarios
Emissions Trading
④ Technology diffusion/transfer
and its acceleration mechanism
APPFlagships
②Target-setting
③Technology diffusion/transfer
-Promoting Sectoral
Approach at all levels
● World-wide Comparable Effort s⇒ Establishing a global level playing field
Keidanren Pledge &
Review (commitment
and progress)
A Core of GSSA Global Steel Sectoral Approach
28
4. Summary
●Four commons(①・②・③・⑥) and
two categories of technology(④・⑤).
29. Summary
1) Participation of all major emitters (countries, sectors, entities ~)
2) Technology ~Solution
- Diffusion of Best Efficient Technologies
- CO2 Breakthrough Technologies
3) Sector-based and technology-based collaborations
- “Sectoral Approach”
4) Taking action toward a challenging target
- “Global top-runner (front-runner)
- Challenging target with pledge and review
5) Mechanisms for promoting and accelerating technology transfer
and R&D
4. Conclusion
29
30. Are there limits to adaptation?
Dutch cow ready for sea level rise?
Dr. Ottmar Edenhofer / Kai Lessmann
Europe-Asia Dialogue on Climate Challenge of the 21st Century
The Finnish Parliament Group for Global Issues
Helsinki, 8th September 2006
Thank you for your
kind attention!