This document summarizes the key differences between modernism and postmodernism in geography. It notes that postmodernism emerged in the mid-20th century after World War II, rejecting notions of absolute truth and reality. Postmodernism is characterized by a lack of belief in unity and the view that truth is subjective. In contrast, modernism started in the 19th-early 20th century, was influenced by World War I, and rejected realism. The document also discusses the importance of geography in the 21st century in developing a holistic understanding of links between physical and human systems and dealing with complexity in real world contexts.