the main cultural movements in the west

1. Part (2)

2. Part (2)
Objectives:
By the end of this part, you will be able to:
1. List the main cultural movements in the west.
2. Identify the historical setting of each movement.
3. Describe the main characteristics of each
movement.
4. Name the main figures in each movement

3. What is culture?
What is the WEST?

4. What is culture?
All the features that characterizes
the life of a group of people
(religion, customs, ideas ,
intellectual products ……..)

5. What is the WEST?
Communities that share
the culture and history of
the European nations
either in the continent or
the new world.

6. The
European
History
Ancient
Period
Middle
Ages
Modern
Times

7. The Main Cultural Movements in the West:
• The Renaissance.
• Age of Enlightenment.
• Modernism.
• Postmodernism.
The
Renaissance
Age of
Enlightenment
Modernism Postmodernism

8. P. 16
1. What is the origin and meaning of the word “renaissance”?
2. What are the main features of Renaissance?
3. When and where was the beginning of Renaissance?
4. What was the invention that helped the influence of Renaissance?
5. When did Renaissance start in England?

9. The Renaissance
The Renaissance is a main cultural movement in the west. It is a French
word which means re-birth, revival or re-awakening. It was both a revival
of ancient classical mythology, literature and culture as well as a re-
awakening of the human mind, after the long sleep of the dark Middle
Ages. It began in Italy as early as the 14th century. Major writer are
Francesco Petrarch (1304- 1374) Poggio Bracciolini (1380–1459) and
Niccolò Machiavelli (1469 – 1527).

10. 1. In which period did Enlightenment spread?
2. What is the nature Enlightenment?
3. What is the main belief of Enlightenment?
4. What is the main objective of Enlightenment?
P. 20

11. 1. What are the historical span of Enlightenment?
2. What was the original place of Enlightenment?
3. Who are the main figures of Enlightenment?
4. Why is Enlightenment descried as an international movement?
P. 20-21

12. Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment (or simply the Enlightenment or Age of
Reason) was a cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century
Europe and the American colonies. Its purpose was to reform society
using reason (rather than tradition, faith and revelation) and
advance knowledge through science. Major writer are Baruch
Spinoza (1632–1677), John Locke (1632–1704), Pierre Bayle(1647–
1706), Isaac Newton (1643–1727), and Voltaire (1694–1778).

13. Modernity
20th Century and after

14. World War I

15. Modernism
1. Modernism designates a broad literary and cultural movement that spanned all
of the arts and even spilled into politics and philosophy.
2. The dates when Modernism flourished are in dispute, but few scholars identify
its genesis as being before 1860 and World War II is generally considered to mark
an end of the movement’s height.
3. Modernist art initially began in Europe’s capitals, primarily London, Milan, Berlin,
St. Petersburg, and especially Paris; it spread to the cities of the United States
and South America after World War I.
4. Modernism’s roots are in the rapidly changing technology of the late nineteenth
century and in the theories of such late nineteenth-century thinkers as Freud,
Marx, Darwin, and Nietzsche.
5. Modernism influenced painting first, but in the decade before World War I such
writers as Ezra Pound, Filippo Marinetti, James Joyce, and Guillaume Apollinaire
translated the advances of the visual arts into literature (techniques as stream-
of-consciousness narration and allusiveness).

16. Postmodernism
1. Postmodernism is the name given to the movement that developed toward the end of the 20th century. Just
as the name implies, it is the period that comes after the modern period.
2. Postmodernism came about as a reaction to the established modernist era, which itself was a reaction to the
established tenets of the nineteenth century and before. What sets Postmodernism apart from its
predecessor is the reaction of its practitioners to the rational, scientific, and historical aspects of the modern
age.
3. For postmodernists this took the guise of being self-conscious, experimental, and ironic. The postmodernist
is concerned with imprecision and unreliability of language and with epistemology, the study of what
knowledge is.
4. An exact date for the establishment of Postmodernism is elusive, but it may be said to have begun in the
post-World War II era, roughly the 1950s. It took full flight in the 1960s in the face of global social and
political unrest.

17. Questions
1. What are the main cultural movements in the west?
2. Write about:
1. The Renaissance.
2. Age of Enlightenment.
3. Modernism.
4. Postmodernism.

18. Online
Activities
Test (2):
on Part (2)
Assignment (1):
Video and Questions