The document outlines topics from a personality theories workshop including Freudian, Adlerian, and behavioral theories. It discusses concepts like the id, ego, and superego from psychoanalytic theory as well as techniques from cognitive behavioral therapy. The document also notes contributions and limitations of the different theories.

1. ANA G. MENDEZ UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
TAMPA BAY CAMPUS
PSYCH 321:
PERSONALITY THEORIES
WORKSHOP # 3
PROF. ADRIANA OBERHAUSEN, M. A
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Thursday, April 26th, 2012 (6pm – 10pm)

2. CLASS # 2 REVIEW OF TOPICS
 1. Psychoanalytic
Theory
 2. Ethical Aspects
related to the use of
these Theories.
 Genetic Aspects that
may contribute to our
personality.
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3. PSYCHOANALYTIC
FREUD, ERIKSON, JUNG
 psychoanalytic theory  psychopathology
reconstruct the The result of failing to
personality rather than meet some critical
solve immediate developmental task or
problems; focus on the becoming fixated at
past and analyze the some early level of
aspects of the development.
unconscious that are  Stages of
manifested in present psychosexual
behavior development
oral, anal, phallic,
latency, genital
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4. PSYCHOANALYTIC
FREUD
 COUNSELING TECHNIQUES:  Id, Ego, Super Ego
Id = symbolizes the child (instincts)
 free association
Ego = The Adult
permitting the client to say (realistic thinking)
whatever come to mind in Super Ego = The Old person
order to reveal the = Wisdom, Perfectionism.
(Internal representative of the
unconscious.
traditional values and ideals of
 dream analysis society as interpreted by the
individual)
 dreams are interpreted through  contributions of Freud's theory
free association seeking first systematic theory of
personality, framework for exploring
meaning or symbols of the
a person's history = Assessment,
unconscious mind. resolving resistance to therapy.
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5. PSYCHOANALYTIC
FREUD  Clinical terms used
today:
 Limitations Freud's theory
prolonged training, lengthy Countertransference
period of therapy, not
measurable, does not take The therapist’s reaction
into account social, to toward the client
cultural, and interpersonal interferes with objectivity,
variables, the client must usually a result of a need
be of average to above of the therapist.
average intelligence and
Wealthy….. cannot be Transference: The client’s
used in crisis counseling reaction toward the
therapist.
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6. ADLERIAN THERAPY
 Psychosocial base:  lifestyle assessment
To learn about one’s The main tool of adlerian
attitudes toward life is the theory, questionnaire
main goal by confronting about the client's family,
basic mistakes and memories, dreams, and
assumptions. self-concepts, explores
The client holds particular birth order and interaction
belief’s that may be among family
wrong. Adlerians
therapists attempt to
replace them with
healthier ones.
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7. ADLERIAN THERAPY
 Therapist's role in  Contribution of Adler's
adlerian therapy: therapy
 It initiated a movement
The therapist serves as toward other
a guide, the main humanistic theories,
responsibility is placed influential on the
on the client and a cognitive-behavioral
contract may be theories, family
developed between therapies and mental
clinician and client. health work and those
culturally diverse.
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8. ADLERIAN THERAPY
 Limitations of Adler's
theory:
Inability to validate
concepts, and
an over simplification of
complex human
functioning.
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9. END OF REVIEW OF INFORMATION FROM
CLASS #2
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10. CLASS # 3
Behavior Theory, Cognitive Theory & Setting where they can
be used, plus Practical Use.
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11. BEHAVIOR THEORY
PAVLOV, SKINNER, BANDURA, ELLIS, ETC.
 Main goal of behavior theory
 The role the therapist in behavior
1. Identify Irrational Beliefs
therapy:
To make the problem clear,
2. It is to eliminate negative learned behavior
by using Rational Beliefs
To verbalize the consequences ,
3. Goals should be specific, concrete and Serves as a model for the client,
measurable. (Treatment Plans Today)
Formulates alternate outcomes,
4. There is also a focus on changing the
Develops natural Incentives
environment to modify client’s (Reinforcers, Rewards) and
Consequences (punishment) to
behaviors. eliminate (Extinguish) an
undesirable behavior.
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Observe the Environment

12.  Contributions of behavior
BEHAVIOR THEORY theory:
 Techniques that can be used with Techniques are based on
empirical research,
behavior theory: Treatment is based on the
assessment of the individual.
It is effective on short-term,
Reinforcement, modeling, asserti and has long term positive
effects.
veness training, combination of It can be applied to culturally
diverse populations and to
individuals with High or very
behavior modification and other Low Intelligence.
Particularly beneficial with
theories, behavior plans, etc. people with Physical, Mental or
Developmental Disabilities…..
(Because these people depend
on their environment for safety)
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13. BEHAVIOR THEORY
 Limitations of behavior
theory:
success greatly depends
upon the ability to control
environmental factors,
does not address
philosophical
problems, or past history
may not be considered
important.
It is difficult for teachers
and parents to learn and
implement methods.
They often personalize
issues and blame the
child. 13

14. BANDURA
 Social learning theory Famous Technique:
Systematic desensitization
Bandura's theory that Clients with extreme anxiety
says behavior is (agoraphobia, fear of
elevators, crowded places)
understood by taking
with gradual and
into consideration progressive anxiety
producing situations
social condition under
resulting in defusing the
which learning occurs.
anxiety and improved 14
socialization, etc.

15. FOUNDER OF RET (RATIONAL-EMOTIVE THERAPY)
ELLIS
These irrational thoughts
 RET (Rational Emotive are replaced with Rational
Therapy). ones. “I am of average
 Later, CBT (cognitive- weigh in comparison to
behavior therapy) most women” “I am
evolved out of Ellis’s important and I can be a
theory. winner”
 The therapist helps
identify Irrational Psycho-education: The
Though patterns the individual then is educated
client has adopted. “I on how our Thinking
am overweight” “I am affects how we Feel or
a looser, I am not Emote. How we feel
important” affects our Behavior. 15

16. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY
 Contributions of CBT:
Counseling is brief.  Widely used and preferred by most
Practice is emphasized in Insurances. Medicaid, HMO’s, etc.
consults, helps improve the Reason?
client’s ability to control their
 It is cost effective $$$.
destiny, dialogues helps client
 It is measurable.
to change behavior, clients
accept responsibility,  It can be short term.
particularly good for crisis  Reduced client dependency on
situations. treatment.
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 Can be used in all settings, homes,
schools, families, etc.

17. LIMITATIONS OF COGNITIVE
BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
 Limitations of CBT:
The reason for
irrational beliefs is not
explored.
Emotional issues are
not generally explored.
It is future oriented and
not too concerned with
past. Unlike
Psychoanalysis.
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