The document provides background information on forced disappearances that occurred in Argentina during the 1976-1983 military dictatorship. It discusses the clandestine journalism efforts of Rodolfo Walsh and his Agencia Clandestina de Noticias to inform the international media about human rights violations during the dictatorship. The document also references the Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo organization's efforts to locate children who were kidnapped and adopted during the dictatorship. It analyzes media developments and ideological shifts during this period in Argentina and discusses debates around the scope and nature of the Condor Operation carried out by intelligence services across South America to target leftists.
The document provides background on the current political situation in Mexico, which has evolved since the 1990s when the Zapatista movement utilized "netwar" strategies. The Zapatistas and social activists mobilized online to protest issues like NAFTA and gain autonomy for indigenous groups. Non-governmental organizations played a key role in facilitating global communication in support of the Zapatistas. This netwar approach put pressure on the Mexican government and led them to recognize the Zapatistas and agree to greater autonomy. The memo recommends that the IT company NTS relocate to Mexico while taking precautions to protect employees and maintain good relations with social activists and NGOs who could impact company goals.
This study analyzes the propaganda used by the Vietnamese Communists during the Vietnam War from 1954-1975. It finds that the hero of the narrative was the Vietnamese worker-peasant class, while the villains played a more dominant role. The narrative had moderate internal coherency but less external coherency when compared to reality. The study uses narrative theory to explore how the Communists dominated the war's narrative through propaganda, which was key to their success despite military setbacks.
This document summarizes an article about the relationship between militant activism and media representations of violence during anti-corporate globalization protests in Genoa, Italy in 2001. The summary is:
[1] Young militant activists engaged in "performative violence" against symbols of global capitalism in order to generate radical identities and communicate political messages, while dominant media framed this as random senseless violence.
[2] At the Genoa protests, activists organized into diverse tactics groups including White Overalls, COBAS March, Gandhian Bloc, and the Black Bloc anarchists.
[3] The author argues that performative violence by militants was aimed at media attention, but police could then
This document summarizes and analyzes a scholarly article about the Mexican experience in the United States during the Great Depression era. It discusses two key topics: 1) How the Mexican community in Los Angeles ("Mexico de Afuera") reacted to increasing anti-Mexican policies and sentiments in the U.S. that encouraged repatriation back to Mexico. 2) How Mexico de Afuera responded to the Mexican government's employment of nationalist rhetoric and empty promises through repatriation programs. The document analyzes articles from the periodical La Opinión to understand how the community navigated these pressures and challenges.
Morse, Christian - LIBR 200 - Annotated BibliographyChristian Morse
This document provides an introductory essay and bibliography for understanding propaganda in the United States from World War I to present day. It discusses how propaganda techniques developed during World War I under Woodrow Wilson to influence public support for the war. The bibliography then lists relevant works examining the origins and impacts of propaganda. Key works explore the early 20th century development of public relations and mass communications, the propaganda efforts of World War I, and the influence of propaganda on media and policy issues through today. The sources aim to provide context on how elite interests have historically shaped public opinion in the US.
Words on International Organization: A Rhetorical Analysis of Nationalist Lea...Kirstin Anderson
This document provides context for analyzing the rhetoric of nationalist leaders in the US, UK, and France regarding international organizations. It discusses the rise of nationalist sentiment in these countries through figures like Donald Trump, Marine Le Pen, and Brexit. The research question examines how these leaders rhetorically address international organizations in speeches. It hypothesizes some cultural differences but similar views in support of nationalism. The document reviews literature on nationalist movements and political communication to provide background and establish the analytical framework.
Glamourising tragedy revictimising the victimmuchativugwahv
This document summarizes an article that examines how wars and genocide in Africa are portrayed through juridical, cinematic and literary means. It discusses how these portrayals can re-victimize victims and unintentionally glorify tragedy by focusing on graphic images and selective depictions of violence. It also analyzes how the arbitrary borders drawn at the 1884-1885 Berlin Congress contributed to ethnic conflicts and civil wars in Africa by dividing groups and fueling tensions. The International Criminal Court is presented as focusing prosecutions on African perpetrators of atrocities, raising criticisms that it represents neocolonialism by not also prosecuting Western countries accused of similar crimes.
Indigenous Revolts in Chiapas and the Andean HighlandsMarcos Luk'aña
This document summarizes an academic seminar that took place in 1994 to discuss historical precedents of indigenous rebellions in Chiapas, Mexico and comparable movements in the Andes region of South America. The seminar aimed to examine specific cases of revolt in their historical contexts in order to move beyond conventional paradigms for understanding indigenous resistance. Papers presented spanned over 470 years of history in Chiapas and the Andean countries. They highlighted the idiosyncrasies of different revolts and challenged popular perceptions. The diversity of experiences raised analytical challenges to generalizing about indigenous resistance. The volume provided comparative perspectives on the forms and causes of indigenous rebellions across time and regions in Latin America.
The document provides background on the current political situation in Mexico, which has evolved since the 1990s when the Zapatista movement utilized "netwar" strategies. The Zapatistas and social activists mobilized online to protest issues like NAFTA and gain autonomy for indigenous groups. Non-governmental organizations played a key role in facilitating global communication in support of the Zapatistas. This netwar approach put pressure on the Mexican government and led them to recognize the Zapatistas and agree to greater autonomy. The memo recommends that the IT company NTS relocate to Mexico while taking precautions to protect employees and maintain good relations with social activists and NGOs who could impact company goals.
This study analyzes the propaganda used by the Vietnamese Communists during the Vietnam War from 1954-1975. It finds that the hero of the narrative was the Vietnamese worker-peasant class, while the villains played a more dominant role. The narrative had moderate internal coherency but less external coherency when compared to reality. The study uses narrative theory to explore how the Communists dominated the war's narrative through propaganda, which was key to their success despite military setbacks.
This document summarizes an article about the relationship between militant activism and media representations of violence during anti-corporate globalization protests in Genoa, Italy in 2001. The summary is:
[1] Young militant activists engaged in "performative violence" against symbols of global capitalism in order to generate radical identities and communicate political messages, while dominant media framed this as random senseless violence.
[2] At the Genoa protests, activists organized into diverse tactics groups including White Overalls, COBAS March, Gandhian Bloc, and the Black Bloc anarchists.
[3] The author argues that performative violence by militants was aimed at media attention, but police could then
This document summarizes and analyzes a scholarly article about the Mexican experience in the United States during the Great Depression era. It discusses two key topics: 1) How the Mexican community in Los Angeles ("Mexico de Afuera") reacted to increasing anti-Mexican policies and sentiments in the U.S. that encouraged repatriation back to Mexico. 2) How Mexico de Afuera responded to the Mexican government's employment of nationalist rhetoric and empty promises through repatriation programs. The document analyzes articles from the periodical La Opinión to understand how the community navigated these pressures and challenges.
Morse, Christian - LIBR 200 - Annotated BibliographyChristian Morse
This document provides an introductory essay and bibliography for understanding propaganda in the United States from World War I to present day. It discusses how propaganda techniques developed during World War I under Woodrow Wilson to influence public support for the war. The bibliography then lists relevant works examining the origins and impacts of propaganda. Key works explore the early 20th century development of public relations and mass communications, the propaganda efforts of World War I, and the influence of propaganda on media and policy issues through today. The sources aim to provide context on how elite interests have historically shaped public opinion in the US.
Words on International Organization: A Rhetorical Analysis of Nationalist Lea...Kirstin Anderson
This document provides context for analyzing the rhetoric of nationalist leaders in the US, UK, and France regarding international organizations. It discusses the rise of nationalist sentiment in these countries through figures like Donald Trump, Marine Le Pen, and Brexit. The research question examines how these leaders rhetorically address international organizations in speeches. It hypothesizes some cultural differences but similar views in support of nationalism. The document reviews literature on nationalist movements and political communication to provide background and establish the analytical framework.
Glamourising tragedy revictimising the victimmuchativugwahv
This document summarizes an article that examines how wars and genocide in Africa are portrayed through juridical, cinematic and literary means. It discusses how these portrayals can re-victimize victims and unintentionally glorify tragedy by focusing on graphic images and selective depictions of violence. It also analyzes how the arbitrary borders drawn at the 1884-1885 Berlin Congress contributed to ethnic conflicts and civil wars in Africa by dividing groups and fueling tensions. The International Criminal Court is presented as focusing prosecutions on African perpetrators of atrocities, raising criticisms that it represents neocolonialism by not also prosecuting Western countries accused of similar crimes.
Indigenous Revolts in Chiapas and the Andean HighlandsMarcos Luk'aña
This document summarizes an academic seminar that took place in 1994 to discuss historical precedents of indigenous rebellions in Chiapas, Mexico and comparable movements in the Andes region of South America. The seminar aimed to examine specific cases of revolt in their historical contexts in order to move beyond conventional paradigms for understanding indigenous resistance. Papers presented spanned over 470 years of history in Chiapas and the Andean countries. They highlighted the idiosyncrasies of different revolts and challenged popular perceptions. The diversity of experiences raised analytical challenges to generalizing about indigenous resistance. The volume provided comparative perspectives on the forms and causes of indigenous rebellions across time and regions in Latin America.
The University of Leeds organised the third edition of Media and Governance in Latin America on the 25 and 26 July. I am very grateful for the experience gained at the conference. A great organisation, top scholar, and very friendly environment. I am looking forward to the next meeting.
The document provides background information on forced disappearances that occurred in Argentina during the 1976-1983 military dictatorship. It discusses the clandestine journalism efforts of Rodolfo Walsh and his Agencia Clandestina de Noticias to inform the international media about human rights violations during the dictatorship. The document also references the Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo organization's efforts to locate children who were kidnapped and adopted illegally during this period. Overall, the document examines different media perspectives and human rights research on the topic of the disappeared in Argentina during the Cold War and the transitional justice period following the return to democracy.
Machine learning is overhyped nowadays. There is a strong belief that this area is exclusively for data scientists with a deep mathematical background that leverage Python (scikit-learn, Theano, Tensorflow, etc.) or R ecosystem and use specific tools like Matlab, Octave or similar. Of course, there is a big grain of truth in this statement, but we, Java engineers, also can take the best of machine learning universe from an applied perspective by using our native language and familiar frameworks like Apache Spark. During this introductory presentation, you will get acquainted with the simplest machine learning tasks and algorithms, like regression, classification, clustering, widen your outlook and use Apache Spark MLlib to distinguish pop music from heavy metal and simply have fun.
Source code: https://github.com/tmatyashovsky/spark-ml-samples
Design by Yarko Filevych: http://filevych.com/
This document describes a 360-degree company analysis tool called "The 360" that provides strategic analysis across multiple areas of a company. It analyzes companies financially, strategically, through marketing, research and development/technology, legal/political factors, and supply chain considerations. The tool maps out key stakeholders like competitors, customers, suppliers, and partners. It offers contact information for George Sloane to learn more about accessing The 360 analysis tool.
"Pizza with the Pros" at Heartland CC 28MAR17CBCT Magazine
This document contains information on several companies that work in 3D printing and additive manufacturing. It lists the company names and websites for FilaPrint, Tangible Solutions, 3DHEALS, 3D4MD, Born Just Right, Cincinnati Incorporated, Maker Girl, Psyonic, Airwolf3D, Made In Space, Stratasys, and Concept Laser. It also includes brief descriptions of some of the companies, including that 3DHEALS focuses on healthcare 3D printing, 3D4MD makes 3D printed medical solutions, and MakerGirl introduces young girls to STEM through 3D printing.
Este documento presenta información sobre varios eventos y temas. Brevemente describe el éxito de un evento llamado Expo Fiestas 2017 que atrajo a muchas personas en Las Choapas y contó con stands, música, baile y pasarelas. También incluye un resumen breve sobre una estrategia inspirada por Dios que le permitió a Jacob multiplicar su ganado y enriquecerse. Finalmente, presenta una receta de lomo de res con salsa de tamarindo y chipotle.
Oportunidad de negocios en la distribución de planes de pensión internacionalesPrime Financial Advisors
Tenemos interés en contactar agentes y agencias interesadas en distribuir planes de pensión en su país. Estos planes son ofrecidos por una importante aseguradora Europea. Si usted tiene interés agradeceré complete el formulario que se encuentra en este enlace: https://goo.gl/ioKoUm
Gracias por su atención.
P.D. Sólo se ofrece esta distribución en los países en los que no esté expresamente prohibido ofrecer este tipo de productos.
Lezione tenuta presso l' I.I.S.S. "A. De Pace" di Lecce durante il Modulo "Media on the Web - Web Tv and Media Channel" con le Classi 4ATA e 4BTA indirizzo Audiovisivo. Tutor del modulo è il prof. A. Nicolì.
Send SMS Surveys to your Clients and Candidates Pre and Post-InterviewMediaburst
Use SMS surveys to ask for feedback from your clients and candidates either during the recruitment process or once a position has been filled. Send surveys directly from your SurveyMill account or use our clever API.
This document compares the pricing of various electronic components between Newark-Harwin and DigiKey-Harwin from January 2014 to June 2014. It lists over 30 part numbers for connectors, cables, and housings. For most items, the prices remained the same between the two distributors over this time period. A few items saw small percentage increases at Newark-Harwin of up to 4%, while prices at DigiKey-Harwin remained unchanged. The document appears to be analyzing pricing trends for these electronic components across different distributors over the first half of 2014.
UV light can be categorized into UV-A, UV-B, UV-C, and UV-D based on wavelength. UV light has various effects including disinfection, sterilization, and promoting bone and skin health but prolonged exposure can also cause skin damage and cancer. UV-A has strong penetration power and makes up most sunlight reaching the skin, causing tanning, aging, and wrinkling. UV-B produces vitamin D with sun exposure but too much can lead to skin cancer. UV-C is mostly absorbed by the ozone layer and causes cancer with brief exposure but is effective for sterilization used in hospitals, food processing, and more.
This document contains a table listing traffic infraction codes, descriptions, applicable laws, severity levels, responsibilities, jurisdictions, point values, and fines in Brazil. It includes infractions such as driving without a license, driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, improper parking, failing to provide assistance after an accident, and others. The infractions range from minor to very serious and can result in penalty points on the driver's license as well as fines from the equivalent of $53 to $957 in US dollars. Jurisdiction over the infractions can be either municipal, state, or both depending on the specific violation.
This document discusses how anthropological fieldwork has changed due to the rise of indigenous political movements worldwide. It begins by providing context on how development policies after WWII and related organizations led to increased indigenous organizing and advocacy. This transformed the traditional "ethnographic situation" where indigenous peoples were objects of study. Now, anthropologists must be accountable to indigenous communities and support their struggles, leading to a demand for "anthropological advocacy." While this creates new opportunities for engaged fieldwork, it also challenges anthropologists to maintain intellectual independence amid new social and political pressures. The emergence of indigenous peoples as political subjects globally has fundamentally changed the conditions and assumptions of classical anthropological research.
This document discusses Operation Condor, an intelligence system between South American dictatorships in the 1970s-1980s that allowed them to seize, torture, and make political opponents disappear across borders. It analyzes the different techniques used by each dictatorship, with the Argentine junta choosing to kidnap, torture, drug, and throw opponents from planes to avoid witnesses and condemnation. The document examines how the military justified these actions through discourse portraying opponents as threats during wartime. It analyzes how this discourse was propagated by newspapers through biological metaphors positioning the military as doctors curing diseases, justifying the elimination of opponents.
The common thread throughout these examples and the premise for this paper is the following. Slavery, Jim Crow, The Trail of Tears, the Holocaust, the internment of Japanese citizens during World War 11, and the current administrations desired prohibitions regarding Muslims, the fixation with a wall at the southern border, and now separating children from their families all stem from a tragic lack of belief in and respect for the humanity of “The Other.” When one group thinks itself better than another, tragedy happens. The fear of other races and ethnicities comingling feeds such thinking. Another theme is a very strong desire to retain what many believe is the one true culture, not to be mixed with language, religion, or traditions from other cultures. There is hope , though, and it comes from what for some may be a surprising source.
The University of Leeds organised the third edition of Media and Governance in Latin America on the 25 and 26 July. I am very grateful for the experience gained at the conference. A great organisation, top scholar, and very friendly environment. I am looking forward to the next meeting.
The document provides background information on forced disappearances that occurred in Argentina during the 1976-1983 military dictatorship. It discusses the clandestine journalism efforts of Rodolfo Walsh and his Agencia Clandestina de Noticias to inform the international media about human rights violations during the dictatorship. The document also references the Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo organization's efforts to locate children who were kidnapped and adopted illegally during this period. Overall, the document examines different media perspectives and human rights research on the topic of the disappeared in Argentina during the Cold War and the transitional justice period following the return to democracy.
Machine learning is overhyped nowadays. There is a strong belief that this area is exclusively for data scientists with a deep mathematical background that leverage Python (scikit-learn, Theano, Tensorflow, etc.) or R ecosystem and use specific tools like Matlab, Octave or similar. Of course, there is a big grain of truth in this statement, but we, Java engineers, also can take the best of machine learning universe from an applied perspective by using our native language and familiar frameworks like Apache Spark. During this introductory presentation, you will get acquainted with the simplest machine learning tasks and algorithms, like regression, classification, clustering, widen your outlook and use Apache Spark MLlib to distinguish pop music from heavy metal and simply have fun.
Source code: https://github.com/tmatyashovsky/spark-ml-samples
Design by Yarko Filevych: http://filevych.com/
This document describes a 360-degree company analysis tool called "The 360" that provides strategic analysis across multiple areas of a company. It analyzes companies financially, strategically, through marketing, research and development/technology, legal/political factors, and supply chain considerations. The tool maps out key stakeholders like competitors, customers, suppliers, and partners. It offers contact information for George Sloane to learn more about accessing The 360 analysis tool.
"Pizza with the Pros" at Heartland CC 28MAR17CBCT Magazine
This document contains information on several companies that work in 3D printing and additive manufacturing. It lists the company names and websites for FilaPrint, Tangible Solutions, 3DHEALS, 3D4MD, Born Just Right, Cincinnati Incorporated, Maker Girl, Psyonic, Airwolf3D, Made In Space, Stratasys, and Concept Laser. It also includes brief descriptions of some of the companies, including that 3DHEALS focuses on healthcare 3D printing, 3D4MD makes 3D printed medical solutions, and MakerGirl introduces young girls to STEM through 3D printing.
Este documento presenta información sobre varios eventos y temas. Brevemente describe el éxito de un evento llamado Expo Fiestas 2017 que atrajo a muchas personas en Las Choapas y contó con stands, música, baile y pasarelas. También incluye un resumen breve sobre una estrategia inspirada por Dios que le permitió a Jacob multiplicar su ganado y enriquecerse. Finalmente, presenta una receta de lomo de res con salsa de tamarindo y chipotle.
Oportunidad de negocios en la distribución de planes de pensión internacionalesPrime Financial Advisors
Tenemos interés en contactar agentes y agencias interesadas en distribuir planes de pensión en su país. Estos planes son ofrecidos por una importante aseguradora Europea. Si usted tiene interés agradeceré complete el formulario que se encuentra en este enlace: https://goo.gl/ioKoUm
Gracias por su atención.
P.D. Sólo se ofrece esta distribución en los países en los que no esté expresamente prohibido ofrecer este tipo de productos.
Lezione tenuta presso l' I.I.S.S. "A. De Pace" di Lecce durante il Modulo "Media on the Web - Web Tv and Media Channel" con le Classi 4ATA e 4BTA indirizzo Audiovisivo. Tutor del modulo è il prof. A. Nicolì.
Send SMS Surveys to your Clients and Candidates Pre and Post-InterviewMediaburst
Use SMS surveys to ask for feedback from your clients and candidates either during the recruitment process or once a position has been filled. Send surveys directly from your SurveyMill account or use our clever API.
This document compares the pricing of various electronic components between Newark-Harwin and DigiKey-Harwin from January 2014 to June 2014. It lists over 30 part numbers for connectors, cables, and housings. For most items, the prices remained the same between the two distributors over this time period. A few items saw small percentage increases at Newark-Harwin of up to 4%, while prices at DigiKey-Harwin remained unchanged. The document appears to be analyzing pricing trends for these electronic components across different distributors over the first half of 2014.
UV light can be categorized into UV-A, UV-B, UV-C, and UV-D based on wavelength. UV light has various effects including disinfection, sterilization, and promoting bone and skin health but prolonged exposure can also cause skin damage and cancer. UV-A has strong penetration power and makes up most sunlight reaching the skin, causing tanning, aging, and wrinkling. UV-B produces vitamin D with sun exposure but too much can lead to skin cancer. UV-C is mostly absorbed by the ozone layer and causes cancer with brief exposure but is effective for sterilization used in hospitals, food processing, and more.
This document contains a table listing traffic infraction codes, descriptions, applicable laws, severity levels, responsibilities, jurisdictions, point values, and fines in Brazil. It includes infractions such as driving without a license, driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, improper parking, failing to provide assistance after an accident, and others. The infractions range from minor to very serious and can result in penalty points on the driver's license as well as fines from the equivalent of $53 to $957 in US dollars. Jurisdiction over the infractions can be either municipal, state, or both depending on the specific violation.
This document discusses how anthropological fieldwork has changed due to the rise of indigenous political movements worldwide. It begins by providing context on how development policies after WWII and related organizations led to increased indigenous organizing and advocacy. This transformed the traditional "ethnographic situation" where indigenous peoples were objects of study. Now, anthropologists must be accountable to indigenous communities and support their struggles, leading to a demand for "anthropological advocacy." While this creates new opportunities for engaged fieldwork, it also challenges anthropologists to maintain intellectual independence amid new social and political pressures. The emergence of indigenous peoples as political subjects globally has fundamentally changed the conditions and assumptions of classical anthropological research.
This document discusses Operation Condor, an intelligence system between South American dictatorships in the 1970s-1980s that allowed them to seize, torture, and make political opponents disappear across borders. It analyzes the different techniques used by each dictatorship, with the Argentine junta choosing to kidnap, torture, drug, and throw opponents from planes to avoid witnesses and condemnation. The document examines how the military justified these actions through discourse portraying opponents as threats during wartime. It analyzes how this discourse was propagated by newspapers through biological metaphors positioning the military as doctors curing diseases, justifying the elimination of opponents.
The common thread throughout these examples and the premise for this paper is the following. Slavery, Jim Crow, The Trail of Tears, the Holocaust, the internment of Japanese citizens during World War 11, and the current administrations desired prohibitions regarding Muslims, the fixation with a wall at the southern border, and now separating children from their families all stem from a tragic lack of belief in and respect for the humanity of “The Other.” When one group thinks itself better than another, tragedy happens. The fear of other races and ethnicities comingling feeds such thinking. Another theme is a very strong desire to retain what many believe is the one true culture, not to be mixed with language, religion, or traditions from other cultures. There is hope , though, and it comes from what for some may be a surprising source.
This document provides an introduction to a dissertation examining the British solidarity movement with Chile following the 1973 coup. It discusses how human rights emerged as a new discourse in the 1970s according to historian Samuel Moyn. The dissertation will use the archives of the Chile Solidarity Campaign (CSC) to test Moyn's theory that human rights broke through in Britain during this period. It will examine the external relationships the CSC had with new social movements, the British government, and trade unions to understand the motivations of those involved in the solidarity movement and determine if human rights was a meaningful framework. The introduction establishes the context around the coup in Chile and outlines the structure and sources that will be used in the following chapters.
Environmental Pollution Essay for Students and Children in English - A .... Write an Essay on Environmental Pollution In 300 words || Environment Pollution Essay In English. Essay on environmental pollution / a written essay. Environmental Pollution Essay – Telegraph.
Running Head Week Two Annotated Bibliography Worksheet1Week.docxrtodd599
Running Head: Week Two Annotated Bibliography Worksheet
1
Week Two Annotated Bibliography Worksheet
3
Week Two Annotated Bibliography Worksheet
Keisha Thomas
POL201 American National Government
Mark Ladd
August 20, 2018
Topic: The Civil Rights Movement of 1964.
In 1964, the Civil Rights Act ended segregation in public places banning employment discrimination that was based on national origin, sex, religion, race or color. This is considered as one of the most crowning achievements as far as civil right movements are concerned. Despite the strong opposition from the southerners, it was signed into law by Lyndon B. Johnson who succeeded Kennedy. The topic is important to address since it played a vital role in the removal of the procedures and registration requirements that were biased against the underprivileged and minorities (Davis, 2016). Moreover, it also called for the nondiscrimination in fund distributions, public school desegregation as well as the broadening of Civil Rights Commission duties (Percy, 2018).
A. Source 1
Brown, R. L. (2017). Accountability, liberty, and the Constitution. In Bills of Rights (pp. 49-98). Routledge.
In his article Brown (2017) asserts that political accountability in constitutional theory has been misunderstood. This has led to the contribution of the model that places majority rule at the center of constitutional legitimacy requiring special justification for departures. The model offers the start point for much of the modern constitutional theory in the sense that judicial review is branded as a “deviant” institution. History suggests that in America, representation was not designed as a means of people to take part in government but rather as a means for people protecting themselves from the representative government of their own. This explains the reason why people understand the principle of political accountability as a way to protect themselves. People are allowed to check abuse of power as well as overseeing a political structure.
B. Source 2
Rosenbloom, D. H. (2016). 3a. Public Administrative Theory and the Separation of Powers. In The Constitutional School of American Public Administration (pp. 78-94). Routledge.
In public administration, there has been an experience of absent or weak theoretical core (Rosenbloom, 2016). The paper found out that the main problem affecting the public administrative theory emanates from three disparate approaches as to what public administration really is. These approaches are labeled “legal,” “managerial,” and “political”. On public administration, they influence each other in the sense that they overlap following the pattern of the constitutional separation of powers. These approaches are not likely to be synthesized without having to violate the values ingrained deeply in the U.S culture of politics (Rosenbloom, 2016).
C. Source 3
Pettit, B., & Sykes, B. L. (2015). Civil rights legislation and legalized exclusion: Mass incarceration and the masking of ine.
WACCy Wednesday Webinar Open Pedagogy to Support EDI - Critical and Renewable...SBCTCProfessionalLearning
Join faculty librarians Jennifer Snoek-Brown and Kathy Swart to learn about their experience using Open Pedagogy to support Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion. Kathy will share her sabbatical research which relied on critical information literacy and open education to create assignments that amplify the voices of marginalized groups, counter misinformation, and engage students in helping faculty transition to OER. Jennifer will discuss her work with faculty and students on open pedagogy projects that integrate more inclusive OER images and multimedia. During the final segment of the session participants will be invited to share about their open pedagogy ideas and projects.
This article analyzes how the American Civil War advanced Enlightenment ideals and transformed moral perceptions of slavery. It discusses how the war was a social revolution that fundamentally changed longstanding institutions and decided core ethical issues. The war grew out of conflicts between Northern and Southern civil societies that embraced different visions of modernization, with the South defending the institution of slavery and its economic advantages. Religion played a major role in how people understood the war and justified violence. The outcome advanced Enlightenment values of equality and natural rights by ending slavery, though it had taken unprecedented bloodshed to resolve the contradictions between these ideals and the racist practices of the slave system.
1. African AmericansThey are also known as the black Americans.docxjackiewalcutt
1. African Americans
They are also known as the black Americans or the Afro Americans. They are a group of citizens or residents living in the United States of America and they have partial or total ancestry from any native population of the sub-Saharan Africa. Some are also descendants of African Slaves. They are the second largest ethnic and racial minority in the United States
2. Events
Event 1: 1877 to 1945
Event: National Association for the Advancement of Colored people (NAACP)
In 12th February 1909 the National Association for advancement of colored people was founded by sixty prominent black and white intellectuals, reformers and socialists like James Weldon, Ella Baker, Moor field Storey, Walter white, Roy Wilkins, Benjamin among others they were led by W.E.B Du Bois in New York. The organization was founded when the United States was facing a national crisis of racism to secure the civil and political rights of African Americans and fight for justice for all Americans.103 years later since its inception it’s the oldest, largest and most influential civil rights organization (Tishkoff, Reed, Friedlaender, Ehret, Ranciaro, Froment & Williams, 2009).
Event 2:1877 to 1945
Event: Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
In August1914 Marcus Garvey established the universal Negro Improvement association an influential nationalist organization in Jamaica where it operated until he moved to England in 1935 ( Sitkoff, 2009). The organization was founded to promote the spirit of race and pride and also create the sense of peace in black people and to unite all Africa and its Diasporas and redeem it from white rule. The UNIA closed in 1982 but it is recognized as a historic landmark by the National Register of Historic Places and the Ohio Historic Preservation Office (Marable, 1991).
Event 3: 1945 to present
Event: Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Between January and February 1957 a civil rights group named the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was founded by Martin Luther king, Charles k Steele and Fred L Shuttle worth in New Orleans to fight all forms of segregation (Harding, 1981).
Event 4: 1945 to present
Event: The first African American President and Attorney General
In 2008 senator Barack Obama from Chicago became the first African American President nominee as a major party nominee for president. On November 4th 2009 he became the first African American president to be elected president and the 44th president of the United States of America. On February 2nd Erick H Holder became the first African American to serve as Attorney General.
3. Sources
Primary Sources
Washington, J. M. (1986). The essential writings and speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr. San Francisco: Harper San Francisco.
In 28th August 1963 martin Luther King in his speech spoke of how he longed for unity between the white and black Americans and freedom for the black Americans his speech has been recited by many people and it clearly ...
This document discusses anarchist perspectives on nationalism and ethnocultural identity. It makes three key points:
1) Anarchists oppose nationalism but acknowledge ethnocultural identity plays a role in decolonial struggles. This creates tension between deconstructing identity claims and showing solidarity.
2) There are three approaches anarchists have taken to ethnocultural identity - seeing peoples as part of a human family, dismissing identity in favor of class, or deconstructing claims of ethnic and linguistic continuity.
3) The author argues for "subsidiarity" in deploying deconstruction - taking into account personal stakes and power asymmetries to balance theoretical coherence with political solidarities. Deconstruction should not undermine
This document discusses the use of propaganda in documentary films. While documentaries aim to present factual information about real events and issues, filmmakers have agendas and use techniques to push certain ideologies. Propaganda differs in that it aims to deceive rather than inform by only allowing for one dominant interpretation. Films like Triumph of the Will and Prelude to War demonstrate how documentaries can create false representations of history through selective framing of information.
This document provides information and discussion prompts for the film 500 Years: Life in Resistance by Pamela Yates. It is the third film in a trilogy documenting Mayan indigenous resistance in Guatemala. Students are instructed to watch the film and take notes, then write a 1+ page paper discussing one of the provided topics: corruption/rule of law or indigenous/human rights. Examples of key figures, songs, and questions are given to aid in analyzing the film's exploration of justice, racism, power, and corruption from the Mayan perspective.
US cultural propaganda during the Cold War: The Battle for Men's Mindabnemeth
What would Edward Barneys do? How abstract expressionism became a weapon during the cold war, MoMA and the Rockefellers, Paris Review, and post-soviet tv series in Kazakhstan.
Similar to Presentation at the University of Jaume I (Castellón de la Plana, Spain) (15)
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Presentation at the University of Jaume I (Castellón de la Plana, Spain)
1. THE DISAPPEARED IN ARGENTINA:
MEDIA, POLITICAL COMMUNICATION
STRATEGIES AND TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE.
P. Ariel Sanchez - PhD candidate – Institute for European studies – Vrije Univesiteit Brussel
Email: pedro.ariel.sanchez@vub.be
Universita Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
21 March 2017
2. THE DISAPPEARED AND THE STOLEN
CHILDREN OF THE DISAPPEARED
Grandmothers of May Park
(Abuelas, 2016)
Image:
Where are the hundreds of babies born in
captivity?
Source: Abuelas 2015, p. 2.
“On October 22, 1977, twelve women founded Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo. They look for their grandchildren
appropriate for the dictatorship. Kidnapped with their parents or born during the captivity of their mothers.
Grandmothers Chela Fontana, Raquel Radio de Marizcurrena, Clara Jurado and Eva Castillo Barrios march alongside
the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo” (Abuelas, 2015, p. 9)
3. FORCED DISAPPEARANCES DURING
THE DICTATORSHIP
Inter – continental scope: Condor Operation (1976 – 1982). Creation of the 1st computerised
intelligence service to end communism: Condor Operation. Dinges (2004) points the transcontinental
scope of Condor.
Domestic scope: Dictatorship: 1976 - 1983
Estimated 30,000 disappeared - 500 stolen children born from captive pregnant women (also
disappeared) during the Junta (1976 – 1983)
Fact: 121 children found to date (Abuelas, 2017)
4. THE DISAPPEARED WERE AND ARE …
• Terrorists – Subversives -
No Catholics (Documento
Final, 1983)
• Chile 1st to use the word
disappeared (Zalaquett,
2010, p.1)
• Double disappearance of
the subject: physical and
from the public sphere
• Where are they?
• Politics of silence
1970s
• Truth commission: public
discourse. Victims.
(Nunca Más, 1984).
• Re appearance: in the public
sphere but no physical.
• Forensic science - Science of
the disappeared?
• Collective and social memory
Politics of pardons
1983 - 2003 “That horrible word …
disappeared … that means to be
nowhere” yet they are every
where” (metaphysic character)
(¿Quién Soy Yo?, 2007)
Heroic militants
Idealistic youths
The more intellectual generation
ever
Presents! (emotional rather than
physical presence in Truth Trials)
End of the politic of pardons
2003 - 2016
5. QUESTIONS
1. Is past political communication a reliable political memory tool?
2. Did the media help in the recovering of stolen children, if so to what
extent?
6. METHODS
Quantitative: descriptive secondary data analysis of Grandmothers of May Park
archive (Abuelas, 2017)
Sample: 120 identified cases considered resolved (current 121 cases)
Stolen children and presidential periods
Qualitative:
Media development across specific political periods (discursive changes)
Archival, Cold War, and court document analysis (related to the disappeared)
7. THEORY
Foucault ‘s genealogy
“...a form of history which can account for the constitution of knowledge, discourses,
domain of objects, etc. without having to make reference to a subject which is either
transcendental in relation to the field of events or runs out its empty sameness
through the course of history” (Rabinow, 1984, p. 59).
Genealogy in this case is oriented to the analysis of truths and justice, and refers to
power beyond the “purely juridical” concept that defines law as a repressive, though
power is rather accepted by its transversal core (Rabinow, 1984, pp. 60 - 61). It needs
to be considered as a productive network which runs through the whole social body,
much more than as a negative instance whose function is repression” (Ibid).
8. HUMAN RIGHTS - RESEARCH
From the United Nations’s (UN) right to a free press integrated to the human right
principles in 1948* (UN, n.d.) until the Falklands War in 1982, Latin American human
rights was “one of the most written about regions in the world” (Greenfield, 1982, p. 275).
If compared to the regional research limited by dictatorships and the leading USA
academia, Britain was less active but more selective in this field. The three dominant
subjects were human rights organisations, human rights in Latin America, and
Argentina (Library of Congress, 1982, cited in Greenfield, 1982, p. 279).
*Art 19, UN Res 207 A (UN, n.d.)
9. MEDIA DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE COLD WAR
Two publications capture the issue of
human rights violations and media
coercion from similar structural
perspectives, though they differ in their
political views: “The Blue Book on
Argentina” (United States Government,
1946), and the Libro Azul y Blanco
(Perón,1946). The Blue Book refers to
the serious press claims, whereas the
White and Blue book considers the
ethical media arguments.
There is substantial evidence that
human rights and the free press in
Argentina were volatile areas two years
before the creation of the UN charter
(Lupo, 2006; Perón, 1946; United States
Government, 1946).
10. NAZI’S IDEOLOGY IN THE ARGENTINEAN MEDIA IN THE 1940S
(United States Government, 1946, pp. 53 – 55)
12. PUBLIC AND OFFICIAL MEDIA SCHOOLS
In theory, public media scholars do not reject the relevance of objectivity in traditional journalism. Public media promotes challenging
traditional boundaries by encouraging the civil society involvement (Eksterowicz, 2000, pp. 3, 4). The discrepancy between traditional
or objective and public media schools lies between separating the data “right” (objective media) and doing the “right connections”
(public media) (Woo, 1995, cited in Rosen n.d., cited in Eksterowic, 2000, p. 3). In 1999, the USA’s Congress released the Condor
archives that highlighted the relationship between Latin American dictatorships and the CIA (Congressional Record, 1999, pp. 15375-
15377).
Public media (Dinges, 2004; Kornbluh, 2011) likewise international relations and international law scholars (McSherry, 2005, Roth -
Arriaza, 2005), consider Condor Operation as a unique phenomenon that caused the “political cleansing” of leftists (Dinges, 2004,
pp. 3 - 4). This became the widely accepted inductive posture.
Accordingly, managed by the CIA, Condor country – founder members were Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay and Paraguay
(Dinges, 2004, p. 4; Kornbluh, 2013, p. 51; Roht-Arriaza, 2005, p. viii). The media ideological swing this time was from the
external (axis/allies) to the “internal enemy” discourse (communists) (Documento Final, 1983; UN, 1981, pp. 30 – 33)
13. MEDIA AND IDEOLOGICAL SWINGS IN THE COLD
WAR UNTIL THE JUNTA
In the later Cold War period the Junta’s instrumental role during Condor Operation (1973 – 1982)
ended the ideological triad of the 1940s media. A neo liberal media ideology was imposed. What is
known regarding the violations of human rights in this period has been heavily debated by several
media schools …
14. CONDOR OPERATION: A NEW PHENOMENON?
The image on the left is from the Blue Book
(United States Government, 1946, p. 12). In
contrast to previous claims (Dinges 2004, p. 4;
Kornbluh, 2013, p. 51; Roht-Arriaza, 2005, p. viii,
McSherry, 2005), Latin American countries were
well-aligned three decades before the creation of
Condor Operation (United States Government,
1946, p. 12). This tensions studies that sided with
Dinge’s (2004) view, that similarly consider Condor
period as a unique political period. The claims
were fuelled by the CIA disclosure of Condor
archives in 1999 (Congressional Record, 1999,
pp. 15375- 15377).
16. CIA WEEKLY SUMMARY
“… intelligence representatives from Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay, Brazil, Chile, and Argentine decided of a meeting in
Santiago early in June to set up a computerized intelligence data bank – known as “Operation Condor” – and to establish
an international communication network” (CIA, 2 July 1976, p. 2)
17. CONDOR …
Historically (Perón, 1946, United States Government,1946), Condor violence mirrored previous
institutionalised cultural practices in Argentina. This tensions ongoing assumptions that Condor was the
root of the problem. While we cannot seriously assume that a software’s name (Condor) is a reliable
indicator (social process), it was the first time that computerised intelligence with continental scope was
used. Nevertheless, Condor Operation forced a discursive change from the external to the internal
enemy. In practice, Chomsky points, “[The USA] ...was picking up where the Nazi had left off...”
(Barsamian, 2003, p. 18). This is factual when considering Varela’s (2005, p.p. 2 - 3) study that shows to
what extent the Junta forced the national production drops in the printed media.
18. DICTATORSHIP: EFFECTS IN PRINTED MEDIA
Previous Junta Military
coup
Later Junta Period
Total magazines
produced (millions)
235,6 (1970) 100,7 -
National Magazines
(millions)
122,1
(1973)
79,6 -
Edited books
(millions)
5,5
(1975)
- 1,3
(1980)
Newspapers 1,985,900
(1975)
- 1,780,100
(1980)
19. FINAL DOCUMENT OF THE MILITARY JUNTA ABOUT THE WAR AGAINST
THE SUBVERSION AND THE TERRORISM (1983)
"Historical synthesis of a painful past still close, it wants to be a message of
faith and recognition of the struggle for freedom, justice and the right to
life“ (Documento Final, 1983, p. 1). Since the 1960s, the terrorists “… tried to
change the conception of the homeland and the State that has our community,
conquering power through violence (Ibid)
1974: 21 attempts of copying units of legal forces, 466 bombings and 16
robberies, 117 people abducted, and 110 killed (Ibid, p. 5) .
1976: “maximum point of violence”. 600 kidnappings, 646 murders, two daily
victims by terrorism, 4,150 "terrorist actions“ (Ibid, p. 5)
"A review of the journalistic chronicle corresponding to the years 1973/79
reports that in that period, there were 742 clashes, 2,050 people were killed, a
figure that does not include the casualties suffered by the Legal Forces“ (Ibid,
p. 5)
"In 1969 and 1979 there were 21,642 terrorist acts … 15,000 combatants,
individuals technically capable and ideologically fanatical to kill” (Ibid, p. 5)-
This figure correlates to the estimated 25,000 subversive members.
20. HR RESEARCH
At the national level, Greenfield cites 69 Argentinean authors, from which two were influential in the contemporary
political communication field: Rodolfo Walsh and Jacobo Timerman (Greenfield, 1982, pp. 293 – 298).
Walsh was killed in 1977, a year after the Junta took power, and created the Agencia Clandestina de Noticias
(Clandestine Agency News) (ANCLA). ANCLA was a communication key of Montoneros (extreme leftists). ANCLA
informed to the international media representatives the scope of violations of human rights during the Junta (McCaughan,
2015, pp. 217 - 219). Unlike Walsh, due to the international pressure Timerman was released and survived thirty
months of torture (Jornadas de Reflección, 2004, p. 49). Timerman owned the newspaper La Opinión, and occasionally
employed Walsh and his family. Walsh’s daughter, María Victoria or Vicky (war nickname), also worked as a
journalist, was a Montonero member, and was killed before Walsh in 1976 (McCaughan, 2015, pp. 174 - 176, 226 -
228).
21. RODOLFO WALSH: ROOT OF INVESTIGATIVE
JOURNALISM IN ARGENTINA
“In particular, there is a loose phrase that sums up his aspirations as an intellectual: “To use language as an
object, to wield it like a hammer ". And another phrase that gives greater density to the previous one: "The
field of the intellectual is by definition the conscience. An intellectual who does not understand what
happens in his time and in his country is a walking contradiction; and he who understands does not
act will have a place in the anthology of weeping but not in the living history of his earth“ (Walsh
1971, cited in UNLP, n/d)
22. OPEN LETTER FROM A WRITER TO THE MILITARY JUNTA
“The censorship of the press, the persecution of intellectuals, the search of my house in Tigre, the
murder of dear friends and the loss of a daughter who died fighting them are some of the facts that
force me to this form of clandestine expression … as a writer and journalist for almost thirty years. The
first anniversary of this military junta has motivated a balance of government action in official documents
and speeches, where what you call successes are mistakes, those that recognize as errors are
crimes and what they omit are calamities ... Fifteen thousand disappeared, ten thousand prisoners,
four thousand dead, tens of thousands of exiles are the naked figure of that terror. When the
ordinary prisons were filled, you created in the main garrisons of the country virtual concentration camps
where no judge, lawyer, journalist, international observer comes in. The military secrecy of the
proceedings, invoked as a necessity for the investigation, makes the majority of the arrests in
abductions that allow the torture without limit and the execution without trial … The lack of time
limit has been complemented by the lack of limits in methods ... you have arrived at the absolute,
timeless, metaphysical torture…” (Walsh, 24 March 1977)
24. TABLE 1: HOW MANY …?
Clandestine Archives CONADEP Updated
Disappeared 15,000 15,000
to 22,000
8,960 8,865
Habeas corpus 7,000 3,100 5,847 -
Disappeared
Lawyers
50 – 70 - 120 98
Disappeared
Journalists
Several - 84 118 to 129
Illegal
detention
centres
Several - 320 360
The above table summarises the empirical contrast between clandestine (McCaughan, 2015, p. 252; Vineli,
2006, pp. 9 - 10, 14 – 15; Walsh, 2000, p. 122) and official media sources (CONADEP, cited in Bohoslavsky,
2015, p. 28, Memoria Abierta, 2011; Molina, 2009; Nunca Más, 1984, pp. 288 – 289; Parque de la Memoria,
2014, NSA, 1978 a, 1978 b). There is a consistent discrepancy in every single row and column, with
exception of the matching claims of 15,000 disappeared (clandestine and archives sources).
26. If we place what is at stake with the current knowledge of the disappeared (yellow line, updated data) against three different archival sources
(clandestine journalism, Cold War archives, and the National Commission for the Disappeared or CONADEP) we can superficially capture
the diverse nature of the disappeared. We can observe the discrepancies between the different sources. Besides the diverse data available, I
could not find any empirical source that could corroborate the historical claim of 30,000.
27. 1ST RESEARCH QUESTION
Is past political communication a reliable political memory tool?
In the case of Argentina it leads to a very diverse path. It has the potential to
enhance political memory studies (diversity). The similar is observed at the macro
political level.
Pros: wealthy public archival resources available.
Cons: impossibility to triangulate data (empirically) to confirm historical and political
claims regarding the disappeared.
28. 2ND QUESTION
Did the media help in the recovering of stolen
children, if so to what extent?
29. NATIONAL MEDIA CAMPAIGNS 2007/8
2007: National media campaign: Latin American Initiative for the Disappearance of Persons “... a simple
drop of your blood can help to identify her/him” (LIID, 2009, p.5).
2008: Program “To Search For” (Law 26675, Bolletín Oficial, 2008). Financial reward (MJDH, 2008).
30. MEDIA CAMPAIGNS AND NATION STATE SUPPORT
In 2013 BUSCAR increased the rewards for the information that leads to finding abductees by 10-times, from
£6,892 to £68,297 for information (Law 26,375; Boletín Oficial, 2008) to provide support to Abuelas campaign
As a result, 1,900 calls and 200 witness statements related to abductees were received within a year
(Télam, 2014).
Abuelas argue that BUSCAR’s financial incentive for information had an impact on their campaign as it
encouraged and mobilised public response in providing information in relation to the disappeared and their stolen
children; 1,900 calls were received between 2013 and 2014, which according to them justified 10-times
increase in rewards for information (Télam, 2014).
However, the Argentinean Forensic Anthropology Team (EAAF), an adjacent institution to Abuelas, received
2,750 calls between November 2007 and October 2008 (LIID, 2009, p. 48), when there were no financial
incentives mentioned. Therefore, public response rate in terms of calls made to Abuelas is despite the 10-
times increase in payment for information 30% lower than the response EAAF received five years earlier.
The role of the media?
31. VIDELA’S TRIAL: THE CASE 35
..."the most significant human rights problem, because these children were alive”
(TOF 6, 2012, p. 1101 - 1102, Osorio, 2012)
From the “bad” to the “worse” violation of HR: discursive root
Memorandum of conversation between the USA Assistant Secretary of State, Elliot Abrams, and the
Argentinean Ambassador, García del Solar (Department of State, 3 December 1982):
“I raised to the ambassador the question of children in this context, such as children born to prisoners or
children taken from their families during the Cold war. While the disappeared were dead. These children
were alive and this was in a sense the gravest humanitarian problem”
33. WHO IS SEEKING WHOM?
65
32
13
7
3
Insitutions seeking them
Stolen children finding them
Death
Irrelevant
Family bridge
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
34. FINDING “STOLEN CHILDREN”
42
7
8
30
41
4
20
Stolen by security forces
Abandoned - social service
Abondoned - neighbour
Illegal/unclear adoption
Abandoned - Adopted
Raised by parent's friends
Biological family
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
The children of the disappeared
(Several cases are transversal)
35. 120 RESOLVED CASES: 1978 – 2016
(1ST CASE RESOLVED 1978, CHILD ABDUCTED ON 26 OCT 1976)
13
32
19
0
7
0
4
13
31
1
Junta (1976 - 1983_
Alfonsín (1983 - 1989)
Menem (1989 - 1999)
De La Rúa (1999 - 2001)
Rodríguez Sá (2001)
Duhalde (2002)
Kirchner, N (2003 - 2007)
Kirchner, C. (2007 - 2015)
Macri (2015 +)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Resolved cases and Argentinean presidents
36. DID THE MEDIA HELP IN THE
RECOVERING OF STOLEN CHILDREN, IF
SO TO WHAT EXTENT?
National media campaigns supposed to trigger more resolved cases post
2007. However, 36 cases (from a total of 121) were resolved in the post
politics of pardons period (root of the national media campaigns).
Value of media campaigns?
Co-shaping political and juridical changes (e.g., the worse human rights
violations)
Not linked to finding children directly (more children found prior to media
campaigns)
Possibility of long-term cultivation effect and collective memory
38. REFERENCES
Abuelas - Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo (2015). Fotografías de 30 años de lucha. Buenos Aires, Abuelas de Plaza de
Mayo.
Abuelas - Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo (2017). Casos Resueltos. Available at
https://www.abuelas.org.ar/caso/buscar?tipo=3 (Accessed 14 March 2017)
Bravo, E. (2007) ¿Quién Soy Yo? Bravo Films, Argentina [online] https://www.abuelas.org.ar/video-galeria/quien-soy-
yo-140 (Accessed 12 March 2017)
Barsamian, D. (2003). What uncle Sam really wants. Noam Chomsky. Tucson, O. Press.
Bohoslavsky, J. (2015) Usted También Doctor? Buenos Aires: Siglo Veintiuno Editors.
Boletín Oficial - Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina (2008) Creacíon de un fondo de recompensa y de la unidad
especial para búsqueda de personas ordenada por la justicia en el ámbito del Ministerio de Justicia, Seguridad y
Derechos Humanos. Available at http://www.jusrionegro.gov.ar/inicio/biblioteca/docs/leyes%20nacionales/LN26375.pdf
(Accessed: 3 December, 2016)
CIA - Central Intelligence Agency. Weekly Summary 2 July 1976. CIA
Congressional Record. (1999). Congressional Record: proceedings and debates of 105th Congress. First Edition (Vol.
145). Washington, U. S. Office.
Dinges, J. (2004) How Pinochet and His Allies Brought Terrorism to Three Continents. New York: The New Press
39. Documento Final (1983). Documento final de la Junta Militar de la guerra contra la subversion y el terrorismo.
Available at http://www.ruinasdigitales.com/revistas/dictadura/Dictadura%20-%20Documento%20Final.pdf
(Accessed 10 March 2017)
Eksterowicz, A. (2000). The History and Development of Public Journalism. In Eksterowicz, A., Roberts, R. Public
Journalism and Politial Knowledge. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, pp. 3 - 20.
Greenfield, R. (1982). ‘The Human Rights Literature of Latin America’. Human Rights Quarterly, 4 (2), pp. 275 – 298
Jornadas de Reflección. (2004). Medios, Comunicación y Dictadura. Buenos Aires, Edición de las jornadas de
reflección.
Kornbluh, P. (2013). The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability. New York: The New
Press
LIID - Latin American Initiative for the Identification of the Disappeared (2009). First Report, 2007 – 2009. Available
at http://www.eaaf.org/eaaf_reports/2007-2009/AR09_p16-87_Argentina.pdf (Accessed: 20 December, 2016).
Lupo, G. (2006). El "Libro Azul" de EE.UU contra Perón que no pudo evitar su victoria. Clarín (24 February)
McCaughan, M. (2015). Rodolfo Walsh: periodista, escritor y revolucionario. 1927 - 1977. Santiago: LOM
McSherry, J. (2005). Predatory States. Operation Condor and Covert War in Latin America. Maryland: Rowman &
Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
Memoria Abierta. (2011). Memoria Abierta: 10 años. Available at Memoria Abierta:
http://www.memoriaabierta.org.ar/mapasimprimibles.php (Accessed: 6 February, 2017)
40. Molina, R. (2009). Veinticinco años del informe de la Conadep. Página 12 (15 September)
Nunca Más (1984). Informe de la Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas. Buenos Aires, Editorial
Universitaria de Buenos Aires.
Osorio, C. (2006) 30 Aniversario del golpe militar en Argentina. Documentos que muestran apoyo de EEUU y la
brutal represión en la dictadura. Available at http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB185/index2.htm#19780715
(Accessed: 6 December, 2015).
Parque de la Memoria (2014) Monumento a las víctimas de terrorismo de estado. Available at
http://basededatos.parquedelamemoria.org.ar/registros/ (Accessed 8 March 2017).
NSA - National Security Archives (a) (1978). Unclassified memorandum ATQ56. Disappearances Number. Available
at: http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB185/19781227%20Disappearance%20Numbers%200000A8B1.pdf
(Accessed: 6 December, 2015).
NSA - National Security Archives (b) (1978). Batallón 601. Available at:
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB185/full%20%5BReport%20on%20Argentina%20disappeared%5D.pdf
(Accessed: 6 February, 2017).
Perón, C. (1946). Libro Azul y Blanco. Buenos Aires : Editorial Freeland
Rabinow (1984). The Foucault Reader. New York: Pantheon Books.
Roht-Arriaza, N. (2005). The Pinochet Effect: Transitional Justice in the Age of Human Rights. Philadelphia:
University of Pennsylvania Press.
41. Sanchez, P (2016). Stolen Children, Social Inversion, and the Media. Media and Governance in Latin America
Conference. University of Leeds, 25 – 26 July 2016.
Télam (2014) Aumentaron a un millón de pesos la recompensa por aportar datos sobre hijos de desaparecidos.
Available at http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201403/57013-aumentaron-a-un-millon-de-pesos-la-recompensa-por-
aportar-datos-sobre-hijos-de-desaparecidos.html (Accessed: 6 February, 2017)
UN – United Nations (n.d.). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Available at http://www.un.org/en/universal-
declaration-human-rights/ (Accessed: 6 February, 2017)
United States Government. (1946). Blue Book on Argentina. Consultation among the American Republics with
respect to the Argentine Situation. New York: Greenberg.
UNLP – Universidad Nacional de la Plata (n/d). El lenguaje como martillo. Available at
http://perio.unlp.edu.ar/node/4040 (Accessed: 6 February, 2017).
Varela, M. (2005). Los medios de comunicación durante la dictadura: entre la banalidad y la censura. Los medios de
comunicación durante la Dictadura: entre la banalidad y la censura”. In: Camouflage Comics. Censorship, Comics,
Culture and the Arts. Director Aarnoud Rommers. The Netherlands.
Vineli, N. (2006). ANCLA (Agencias de Noticias Clandestinas). Una experiencia de comunicación clandestina
orientada por Rodolfo Walsh. Buenos Aires: La Rosa Blindada.
Zalaquett, J. 2010. The Emergence of “Disappearances” as a Normative Issue. Human Rights: From Practice to
Policy. Proceedings of a Research Workshop. Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan,
October 2010.