This a presentation description female pelvis

1. Female pelvis

2. Introduction:
 The pelvis is a basin like structure which connects the spine
to lower limbs.
 It is an important part of the skeletal system.
 It transmit the weight of the trunk to the leg.
 It takes the weight of the sitting body.
 It allows movement of walking and running.
 It protect the pelvic organ.

3. Function of the female pelvis:
 The primary function of the pelvic griddle is to allow
movement of the body, especially walking and
running. It permits the person to sit and kneel. The
women pelvis is adapted for child bearing, because
of its increased width and rounded brim.
 The pelvis transmit the weight of the trunk to the
leg, acting as a bridge between the femur.

5. Pelvic bones:
 There are four pelvic bones.
1. Two innominate
2. One sacrum
3. One coccyx

6. 1. Two innominate bone:
 Two innominate bone made up of three bones.
 Ilium
 Ischium
 Pubic

7. Ilium:
 The ilium is the flared out part of the hip bone. It has
following parts.
 Iliac creast as upper border
 Concave border is iliac fossa
 Anterior superior iliac spine
 Anterior inferior iliac spine

8.  Posterior superior iliac spine
 Posterior inferior iliac spine
 Ischium:
 The ischium is the thick lower part of the hip bone. It
has following parts:

9.  Acetabulam
 Ischial tuberosity
 Ischial spine
 Greater sciatic notch
 Lesser sciatic notch
 Obturator foramen

10. Pubic bone:
 The two pubic bones form the anterior part of the
hip bone. It has following parts:
 Inferior rami of pubic bone
 Superior rami of pubic bone
 Symphysis pubis
 Subpubic angle

11. Sacrum:
 It is a wedge shaped bone made up of five fused
bones. It has following parts:
 Sacral promontory
 Sacroiliac joint
 Wings of sacrum
 Hollow of the sacrum

13. CoCcyx:
 It is a vestigial tail consist of four fused vertebrae
forming a small triangular bone.
 It is articulated with the sacrum
 Coccyx moves backwards during child birth.

15. Pelvic joints
 There are four pelvic joints:
Two sacroiliac joints
One pubic syphysis joint
One sacro-coccygeal joint

16. 1. Two sacroiliac joints
These are the slightly movable joints
formed where the ilium joints, first two sacral
vertebrae on either side.
They connect the spine to the pelvis & are
the strongest joints in body.
2. One pubic symphysis joint
It is a cartilaginous joint between two
pubic bones.

17. 3. One sacro-coccygeal joint
It is a hinge joint between sacrum &
coccyx.

18. Pelvic ligaments
The pelvic bones are held together with ligaments.
 Sacroiliac ligament: it pass in front of and behind each sacroiliac
joint.
 Interpubic ligament: it connect the top of public bones.
 Sacrotuberous ligament: one ligament on each side run from
sacrum to the ischial tuberosity.
 Sacro spinous ligament : one ligament on each side of the sacrum
& the ischial spine.
 Sacro coccygeal ligament: one ligament on each side from sacrum

19. Structure of pelvis
1. False pelvis
2. True pelvis

20. False pelvis
 It is formed by the upper flared out portion of the ilium.
 Laterally : iliac fossae, posterior : fifth lumbar vertebrae,
Anteriorly: the abdominal wall and inguinal ligament.
 It protects the abdominal organs.it had no obstetrical
important except they it provides certain landmarks for
external pelvimetry.

21. True pelvis
 The true pelvis is the bony canal through which the
fetus passes during birth.
 It has three parts:
1.Brim & inlet
2.Cavity
3.outlet

22. The pelvic brim or inlet
 The brim is rounded except where the sacral promontory
projects into it.
 The promontory and wings of the sacrum from its
posterior border ,the iliac bones it’s lateral borders and
the public bones it’s anterior border.
 The midwife needs to be familiar with the fixed points on
the pelvic brim that are known as it’s landmarks.

23. Landmarks of the brim
1. Sacral promontory
2. Sacral ala or sacral wing
3. Sacroiliac joint
4. Iliopectineal line
5. Iliopectineal eminence
6. Superior ramus of the public bone
7. Upper inner border of the body of the public bone
8. Upper inner border of the symphysis pubis

25. Diameters of the brim
1. Antero posterior diameter
2. Transverse diameter
3. Oblique diameter

26. Antero posterior diameter
 It is a line from the sacral promontory to the upper
border of the symphysis pubis . This diameter is
three types:
1.anatomical conjugate or true conjugate (11 cm)
2. Obstetrical conjugate(10cm)
3. Diagonal conjugate (12cm)

27. Oblique diameter (12cm)
 It starts from the sacroiliac joint to the opposite
iliopectineal eminence.

28. Transverse diameter (13cm)
 It is the distance between the two farthest points on
the pelvic brim over the iliopectineal lines.

30. The Pelvic Cavity
 The cavity extended from the brim above to the outlet below
 Shape: its shape is almost rounded .
 It consist of : # Anterior border : symphysis pubis
# Posterior border: sacral hallow
# Lateral border: soft tissue
 The cavity is circular in shape and although it is not possible
to measure it’s diameter exactly ,they are all considered to be
12 cm.

31. The pelvic outlet
1. Anatomical outlet:
 It consists of the lower border of all bones and sacrotuberous ligament.
 It consists of lower border of symphysis pubis ,sacro coccygeal joint and sacro
ischial spine.
 Shape: it is antero posteriorly oval.
2. Obstetrical outlet:
 This outlet has greater practical significance ,because it includes the narrow
pelvic strait through which the fetus must pass.
 The narrow pelvis strait lies between sacrococcygeal joint , the two ischial
spines & the lower border of the symphysis pubis .
 It is otherwise known as bony outlet.
 Shape :it is diamond shape.

32. Diameters of outlet
 Antero posterior diameter: (13cm): it is taken from
the lower border of symphysis pubis to
sacrococcygeal joint.
 Oblique diameter (12cm): it is taken from the sacro
spinous ligament to obturator foreman.
 Transverse diameter (11 cm) : it is taken between the
two ischial spines.

33. Types of the pelvis
1. Gynaecoid pelvis
2. Anthropoid pelvis
3. Android pelvis
4. Platypelloid (flat) pelvis

35. Gynaecoid pelvis
 It is commonly known as female pelvis because that
type occurs most frequently in women.
 Most suitable for childbirth.
 Rounded brim
 Side walls straight.
 Ischial spines are blunt
 Sub pubic angle is 90
 Sciatic notch rounded.

36. Anthropoid pelvis
 It favours a posterior position of the fetus.
 Brim is in oval shape
 Side wall divergent
 Ischial spine blunt
 Sciatic notch wide
 Subpubic angle is greater than 90
 Transverse diameter is shorter
 Seen in tall women with narrow shoulders

37. Android pelvis
 It is commonly known as male pelvis because it occurs more
frequently in men.
 Brim is in heart shaped
 Side walls convergent
 Ischial spine prominen
 Sciatic notch narrow
 Sub pubic angle less than 9o
 Anterior posterior diameter is shorter
 Transverse diameter is wider .

38. Platypelloid (flat) pelvis
 This type of pelvis is rare
 Brim is in kidney shaped
 Side wall divergent
 Ischial spine blunt
 Sciatic notch wide
 Sub pubic angle greater than 90
 Anterior posterior diameter is smaller
 Transverse diameter is wider
 Not conducive to vaginal delivery

39. Thank you