This study examines the impact of national culture on two key dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation: risk taking and proactiveness. Specifically, it explores the relationships between four cultural dimensions (uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, and power distance) and risk taking/proactiveness. Ten hypotheses are developed and tested using data from 1,048 small-to-medium firms across six countries. Multivariate regression finds that uncertainty avoidance and power distance negatively influence risk-taking and proactiveness, while individualism negatively impacts proactiveness. The results provide insights into how cultural values shape entrepreneurial behaviors.
Revised understanding predictive models limit to growth modelDr Rajeev Kumar
This session covers the explanation of 'limit to growth' and Malthus theory with relevance to the current practical situation. We discussed the step-wise concept of a predictive model, exponential growth,
FOREST CONSERVATION BEHAVIOR IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS: VARIABLES THAT INFLUENCE ...Wayan Santika
The present study aims at finding variables that influenced subjective norms in
determining intention toward forest cutting. The theory of planned behavior was used as the model of the research. A questionnaire was developed based on the model. The questionnaire comprised of two questions assessing intention toward forest cutting, five questions assessing attitudes, three questions assessing subjective norms, three questions assessing perceived behavioral control, and eight questions assessing each of the belief and its assessment. 240 questionnaires were randomly distributed to the people at four villages in the rural settlements of Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Multipleregression analyses revealed that intention toward forest cutting was predicted by subjective norms. Attitudes and PBC did not significantly determine intention toward forest cutting. To find out variables that influence subjective norms in predicting intention towardforest cutting, stepwise-backward regression analyses were performed. All components of beliefs and their assessment were simultaneously entered as independent variables. Results revealed that subjective norms toward forest cutting
were determined by cost evaluation, benefit evaluation, beliefs about others expectation,
perceived barriers, and perceived resources, β= .17, p< .01, β= .34, p< .001, β= .20, p< .01, β= .24, p< .001, β= .18, p< .01, respectively. Those components explained 46% variance in subjective norms. The implications of the results were discussed and some
recommendations were drawn at the end of the study.
Revised understanding predictive models limit to growth modelDr Rajeev Kumar
This session covers the explanation of 'limit to growth' and Malthus theory with relevance to the current practical situation. We discussed the step-wise concept of a predictive model, exponential growth,
FOREST CONSERVATION BEHAVIOR IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS: VARIABLES THAT INFLUENCE ...Wayan Santika
The present study aims at finding variables that influenced subjective norms in
determining intention toward forest cutting. The theory of planned behavior was used as the model of the research. A questionnaire was developed based on the model. The questionnaire comprised of two questions assessing intention toward forest cutting, five questions assessing attitudes, three questions assessing subjective norms, three questions assessing perceived behavioral control, and eight questions assessing each of the belief and its assessment. 240 questionnaires were randomly distributed to the people at four villages in the rural settlements of Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Multipleregression analyses revealed that intention toward forest cutting was predicted by subjective norms. Attitudes and PBC did not significantly determine intention toward forest cutting. To find out variables that influence subjective norms in predicting intention towardforest cutting, stepwise-backward regression analyses were performed. All components of beliefs and their assessment were simultaneously entered as independent variables. Results revealed that subjective norms toward forest cutting
were determined by cost evaluation, benefit evaluation, beliefs about others expectation,
perceived barriers, and perceived resources, β= .17, p< .01, β= .34, p< .001, β= .20, p< .01, β= .24, p< .001, β= .18, p< .01, respectively. Those components explained 46% variance in subjective norms. The implications of the results were discussed and some
recommendations were drawn at the end of the study.
Lepton provides a location Intelligence platform , MarketPulse, that organize enterprise business information geographically and make it universally accessible and useful in a unified manner to entire Sales & Marketing ecosystem. It facilitate Connect with right people at the right time at the right place, Optimise people and assets, Make better decisions.
Lepton provides a location Intelligence platform , MarketPulse, that organize enterprise business information geographically and make it universally accessible and useful in a unified manner to entire Sales & Marketing ecosystem. It facilitate Connect with right people at the right time at the right place, Optimise people and assets, Make better decisions.
Justify Your Conclusions
Hiv Aids Conclusions
Essay on Hypothesis and Conclusion
Sampling Methods Essay
Conclusion Of Solar Energy
Titanium Essay
Research Methods Essay
Dental Hygienist Conclusion
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RUNNINGHEADER:PROJECTANALYSIS 1
Corruption 2
“Project Analysis on Corruption”BADM440-1404A-01
Quesadra Dynell Goodrum
Individual Project Phase 4
Colorado Technical University
Instructor: Jose Perez
11/03/20014
Table of Contents
Sample Population 3
Questionnaires 4
Oral Interviews 4
Observation 4
Data Analysis and Measurement Strategy 4
This ethical consideration will be built on the following basic principles of ethical practice 5
a) Informed Consent 6
b) Beneficence 6
c) Justice 7
References 8
Sample Population
The success of this research depends on the sample population that I choose to work with. I intend to obtain information about a population and have settled for only selected members of the population to be questioned. Contacting, questioning, and obtaining information from a large population, such as all of the households residing in Colorado, is extremely expensive, difficult, and time consuming. A properly designed probability sample, however, provides a reliable means of inferring information about a population without examining every member or element. When properly conducted, a probability sample of provides very reliable information with very small margin of error for the whole population in Colorado.
Working with a sample size of 300 respondents, the smaller sampling operation lends itself to the application of more rigorous controls, thus ensuring better accuracy. This calls for rigorous controls to reduce noncomplying errors such as interviewer bias and mistakes, nonresponse problems, questionnaire design flaws, and data processing and analysis errors.
The sampling methodology used for this research is the nonprobability sampling. In this case, when discussing the results of a nonprobability sample, I will limit myself to findings of the persons sampled. The advantage of nonprobability sampling is the ease in which it can be administered. They tend to be less complicated and less time consuming.
Judgmental sampling is the type of nonprobability sampling employed for this study. In judgmental or purposive sampling, I would employ my own "expert” judgment about who to include in the sample frame. Prior knowledge and research skill I possess would be instrumental are in selecting the respondents or elements to be sampled.
Data Analysis
The data collection procedures included the following:Questionnaires
This involved the administering of organization questionnaires to staff members working in the organizations within the study area. Oral Interviews
This method involved collection of data through face to face interaction with organizations managers and employees. This was to gain insight in the effect of corruption on organizations. Observation
Observation is basic to collecting data on the current state of the study area. It was also used in verifying information collected using the questionnaires proceeds observations as a method of data collection also serves to increase the range of relevance and rel.
Effectiveness of Demonstration on Practices Regarding Hand Hygiene among Moth...ijtsrd
It has been found that washing hand with soap may prevent many common and life threatening infections. Interventions used to prevent diarrheal diseases, includes safe drinking water, use of improved sanitation and washing hand with soap may reduce the disease risk. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of demonstration regarding hand hygiene among mothers of under five children. Quasi experimental one group pre test post test design was used in rural area of Lucknow district with the samples of 100 mothers of under five children. Multi stage random sampling technique was used. The tools used were demographic questionnaire and checklist regarding hand hygiene. Result revealed, majority of the mothers 50 scored average and 50 scored poor in pre test whereas in post test 19 scored good 72 scored average and 9 scored poor. Mean post test score was significantly higher than the mean pre test score at the “P value” less than 0.05. The calculated t value i.e. 16.58 was compared with the tabulated value i.e 1.98 with paired t test which revealed that the demonstration administered by the investigator was found effective to increase the practice level among the mothers of under five children regarding hand hygiene. Aditi Mecarty | Rohitash Kumar | Jamal Masood "Effectiveness of Demonstration on Practices Regarding Hand Hygiene among Mothers of Under- Five Children in a Rural Area of Lucknow District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35862.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/35862/effectiveness-of-demonstration-on-practices-regarding-hand-hygiene-among-mothers-of-under-five-children-in-a-rural-area-of-lucknow-district/aditi-mecarty
Predicting of Hosting Animal Centre Outcome Based on Supervised Machine Learn...sushantparte
Research Project - The objective of this project is to predict the outcome of animals placed in shelters given features such as the animal’s age, breed, and colour. There are 5 possible outcomes for each animal with euthanasia being the worst outcome. The shelter hopes to be able to determine which animals are likely to be euthanized as well as find trends into what features increase the chance for adoption. This provides a chance for shelters to try to aid animals with a low chance of adoption. The overall goal is to decrease the yearly number of animals euthanized.
Measuring Cultures of Responsibility in the Life Sciences – Daniel GreeneCatalyst Biosummit
This is a presentation by Daniel Greene of the Center for International Security and Cooperation on "Measuring Cultures of Responsibility in the Life Sciences."
(I’ll GO OVER STEP BY STEP IN CLASS TOMORROW)Part OneP.docxgertrudebellgrove
(I’ll GO OVER STEP BY STEP IN CLASS TOMORROW)
Part One
Portfolio Critique Using Morningstar.com
Morningstar, Inc. is a leading provider of independent investment research in the United States and in major international markets and offers an extensive line of Internet, software, and print-based products for individual investors, financial advisors, and institutional clients. Morningstar is a trusted source for insightful information on stocks, mutual funds, variable annuities, closed-end funds, exchange-traded funds, separate accounts, hedge funds, and 529 college savings plans.
1. Go to www.morningstar.com. Sign up for Premium Membership. You will be able to receive a 14-day free trial. Browse the site to become familiar with everything Morningstar has to offer. Be prepared to participate in classroom discussion and bring your questions if you have any.
2. Go to X-Ray and print the page. Write a portfolio critique.
Part Two
Use the daily data on the portfolio returns and the market returns (e.g., the S&P 500 index) to estimate a single-index market model. Your analysis should include
(Morningstar automatically will calculate)
1. Standard deviation for each portfolio.
1. Covariance between the rates of return of portfolio and S&P500.
1. The correlation coefficient between each portfolio and S&P500.
1. Run a regression of each portfolio against the market return and find:\
(In fact Morningstar will automatically calculate)
0. Alpha for each portfolio.
0. Beta for each portfolio.
0. What is the systematic and nonsystematic risk of the each security?
0. Sharpe Ratio of portfolios
1. Plot the risk and return of each portfolio and draw the efficient frontiers.
1. Identify which portfolio dominates on the efficient frontier.
1. For which portfolio had an average return in excess of that predicated by the CAPM?
Essay Portion Study Guide
Psych 120, Spring 2019
1. What are aphantasia (and hyperphantasia), and why are they interesting to conceptualization researchers? What sort of information have we already discovered through studying aphantasia? Discuss TWO experiments we covered in class that could be re-examined in an aphantasic population, and why they would contribute to a greater understanding of cognition.
2. How do we recognize and categorize objects? Trace the processes involved with object recognition and categorization, discussing all possibilities covered for how we can do this. Lastly, provide TWO pieces of evidence in support of those various possibilities.
3. What is the dual visual system theory and what does it have to do with consciousness and cognition? Provide TWO pieces of evidence (neurological or behavioral) supporting the dual visual system theory. Next, discuss how those same TWO pieces of evidence might actually not support the dual visual system theory.
4. How do video games impact cognition? Are all video games equal in their benefits or detriments to various cognitive activities? Provide TWO pieces of evi ...
Paper on "The Ethical conduct of Science" by Professor Sheryl L. HendriksMalabo-Montpellier-Panel
Professor Sheryl L. Hendriks, Professor and Head of Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development at the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences (University of Pretoria), presented a paper on the “Ethical conduct of Science” in Budapest, at the World Science Forum from November 20 to 22, 2019.
Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Behavio...ijtsrd
The study on "EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEM AMONG MOTHERS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SELECTED AREA AT MADURAI" was undertaken Objectives To assess knowledge among mothers of school children regarding behavioral problem before the structured teaching programme. Evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme STP on knowledge of mothers of school children regarding behavioral problem. Determine the association between knowledge among mothers of school children with selected socio demographic variables. Conceptual framework The study was based on Imogine King's goal attainment theory. Design Evaluatory approach and pre experimental design was adopted for this study. Setting The study was conducted at selur Madurai district. Sample size The sample size was 60 mothers of school children. Methods of data collection procedure Data was collected from mothers of school children to assess level of knowledge by using structured tool before and after structured teaching programme. After administration of structured teaching programme the level of knowledgeis assessed. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Structured teaching programme is effective of mothers according to level of knowledge before and after the manipulation in which 41.67 of the samples had showed inadequate levels of knowledge in pretest. In contrast, 70 of the samples experienced adequate levels of knowledge in the post test. The mean post test knowledge score 17.62 was greater than the mean pretest level of knowledge score 9.52 . The obtained t value 14.33 was statistically highly significant at 0.05 levels. The mean difference between pretest score and posttest score is 8.1 was significant at 5 level as the p 0.05 . Conclusion The association of pre and post test level of knowledge after the structured teaching programme the mothers of school children was adequate. Mrs. P Saranya | Mrs. R. Ruthrani "Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Behavioural Problem among Mothers of School Chldren in Selected Area at Madurai" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59726.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/59726/effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-behavioural-problem-among-mothers-of-school-chldren-in-selected-area-at-madurai/mrs-p-saranya
Ethical Implications of Student Plagiarism in Myanmarijtsrd
This study presents efforts to establish evidence for the construct validity of scores on the ethical issue related to student plagiarism in Myanmar universities. Student plagiarism in colleges and universities has become a controversial issue in recent years. The case considered as the most commonly used immoral and unethical activities, are selected for evaluation, and the participants select these activities according questionnaire. Recognizing the difficulty in defining plagiarism while still acknowledging the practical importance of doing so, this system finds the common element about student plagiarism to be the lack of appropriate attribution to the original source. Chaw Chaw Su "Ethical Implications of Student Plagiarism in Myanmar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27832.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/27832/ethical-implications-of-student-plagiarism-in-myanmar/chaw-chaw-su
Ethical Implications of Student Plagiarism in Myanmar
Presentation
1.
2. MS Marketing 2nd
Institute of Business & Management Science,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
Aaqib
Shahbaz Butt
2014-ag-9086
Muhammad
Shahid Ayub
2014-ag-9413
Today’s
Presenters
3. Courteous Thanks to
Dr. Abdul Ghafor
Assistant Professor
Institute of Business & Management Sciences, University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad
5. 1. Risk-taking: Acting to projects with uncertain
outcomes.
2. Proactiveness: Those actions to anticipate future
Entrepreneurial orientation is usually defined as a
multidimensional construct, applied at the organizational
level.
7. Culture is a system of collective values that
distinguishes the members of one group from
another.1. Uncertainty Avoidance: Tolerance level for
uncertainty.
2. Individualism: Individual & Collectivity culture in
organization.
3. Masculinity: Masculine & Famine culture of
organization
10. • The concept of risk taking has frequently been
associated with entrepreneurial behavior.
• The commitment to venturing and receptivity to
the idea of starting a venture.
12. • Acting Advance for a future issue and taking control on
future.
• Effectuation theory who belief that If I can control the
future, I do not need to predict it
14. OUTLINES OF
PRESENTATION
Abstract Introduction
Theory and
Hypotheses
Purpose of Study
Overview of Study
Route of Study
Methodology
So the point is…
Game Zone
Credits
Random Sampling
Data Collection
Method
Usable Sample
Relationship Between
Culture Dimension with
Risk Taking.
Relationship between
Culture Dimensions &
Proactiveness
Relationship of Institutional
variable with Risk Taking &
Proactiveness.
Theoretical Framework.
ConclusionFindings
Summary of Study
Introduction to
Variables
Direction of Study
Multivariate
Regression.
Summary of Results
Rejection & Selection of
15.
16. This study examines the impact of cultural values on two key
dimensions of entrepreneurship: risk taking and
proactiveness.
Expected relationships between four cultural dimensions
and risk taking & proactiveness within SMEs that creates 8
Hypotheses.
This study explore between-country differences in the
relationship between risk taking and proactiveness that creates
2 Hypotheses.
This study utilizes data from 1,048 firms that are owned by
17. OUTLINES OF
PRESENTATION
Abstract Introduction
Theory and
Hypotheses
Purpose of Study
Overview of Study
Route of Study
Methodology
So the point is…
Game Zone
Credits
Random Sampling
Data Collection
Method
Usable Sample
Relationship Between
Culture Dimension with
Risk Taking.
Relationship between
Culture Dimensions &
Proactiveness
Relationship of Institutional
variable with Risk Taking &
Proactiveness.
Theoretical Framework.
ConclusionFindings
Summary of Study
Introduction to
Variables
Direction of Study
Multivariate
Regression.
Summary of Results
Rejection & Selection of
18.
19. The primary purpose of this study is to assess national culture
plays a significant role in determining the level of risk
taking and proactive firm behaviors displayed by small- to
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
To understand the cultural impacts on entrepreneurial
behavior particularly in Risk Taking & Proactiveness.
While previously no any empirical research conducted
to examining the relationship between national culture and the other
two dimensions of EO.
Hypotheses that are used in this study are generated by the
20. OUTLINES OF
PRESENTATION
Abstract Introduction
Theory and
Hypotheses
Purpose of Study
Overview of Study
Route of Study
Methodology
So the point is…
Game Zone
Credits
Random Sampling
Data Collection
Method
Usable Sample
Relationship Between
Culture Dimension with
Risk Taking.
Relationship between
Culture Dimensions &
Proactiveness
Relationship of Institutional
variable with Risk Taking &
Proactiveness.
Theoretical Framework.
ConclusionFindings
Summary of Study
Introduction to
Variables
Direction of Study
Multivariate
Regression.
Summary of Results
Rejection & Selection of
21.
22. Hypothesis 4:
The level of
power distance
in a culture will
be negatively
associated with
organizational
risk taking.
1. Relationship
Between Risk
Taking and Culture
Values
Risk Taking and
Uncertainty
Avoidance
Risk Taking and
Individualism
Risk Taking and
Masculinity
Risk Taking and
Power Distance
Theory and Hypotheses
Hypothesis 1:
Uncertainty
avoidance in a
culture will be
negatively
associated with
organizational
risk taking.
Hypothesis 2:
The level of
individualism in
a culture will be
positively
associated with
organizational
risk taking.
Hypothesis 3:
The level of
masculinity in a
culture will be
positively
associated with
organizational
risk taking.
23. Hypothesis 8: The level of
power distance in a culture
will be negatively associated
with proactive firm behaviors.
2. Relationship
Between
Proactiveness &
Culture Values
Proactiveness
and Uncertainty
Avoidance
Proactiveness
and
Individualism
Proactiveness
and Masculinity
Proactiveness
and Power
Distance
Hypothesis 5: The level of
uncertainty avoidance in a
culture will be negatively
associated with proactive firm
behaviors.
Hypothesis 6: The level of
individualism in a culture will
be negatively associated with
proactive firm behaviors.
Hypothesis 7: The level of
masculinity in a culture will be
positively associated with
proactive firm behaviors.
Theory and Hypotheses Cont…
24. The Impact of Institutions
Hypothesis 10:
Institutional
variables will be
significant
predictors of
between country
differences in
levels of
proactive firm
behaviors.
3. Country
Difference
s
Proactiv
e
Risk
Taking
Hypothesis 9: Institutional
variables will be significant
predictors of between country
differences in levels of
organizational risk taking.
Theory and Hypotheses Cont…
26. OUTLINES OF
PRESENTATION
Abstract Introduction
Theory and
Hypotheses
Purpose of Study
Overview of Study
Route of Study
Methodology
So the point is…
Game Zone
Credits
Random Sampling
Data Collection
Method
Usable Sample
Relationship Between
Culture Dimension with
Risk Taking.
Relationship between
Culture Dimensions &
Proactiveness
Relationship of Institutional
variable with Risk Taking &
Proactiveness.
Theoretical Framework.
ConclusionFindings
Summary of Study
Introduction to
Variables
Direction of Study
Multivariate
Regression.
Summary of Results
Rejection & Selection of
27.
28. Sample collected from independently owned SMEs
who are the real entrepreneur and running solely business.
On this topic samples consisted of six countries (Australia,
Costa Rica, and Indonesia, Norway, Sweden, and
Netherlands.
Selected countries sample representing of cultural
attributes.
Make a lists of SMEs of six countries were established
through the use of national databases, membership
29. A stratified random sampling process was utilized
with the stratification based on industry.
Firms were randomly selected from fourteen
industries.
A two-wave mailing process was utilized.
Surveys were first mailed to all of the firms randomly.
Second time mailings to those who don’t responded
first wave.
The survey instrument employed in this study was
developed in English and then underwent a double
back-translation process.
Items were translated into major language of each non-
English
31. OUTLINES OF
PRESENTATION
Abstract Introduction
Theory and
Hypotheses
Purpose of Study
Overview of Study
Route of Study
Methodology
So the point is…
Game Zone
Credits
Random Sampling
Data Collection
Method
Usable Sample
Relationship Between
Culture Dimension with
Risk Taking.
Relationship between
Culture Dimensions &
Proactiveness
Relationship of Institutional
variable with Risk Taking &
Proactiveness.
Theoretical Framework.
ConclusionFindings
Summary of Study
Introduction to
Variables
Direction of Study
Multivariate
Regression.
Summary of Results
Rejection & Selection of
32.
33. • Multivariate regression model is used for testing
the impact of cultural values on both risk taking and
proactive behavior.
• There are 2 dependent variable and more than 2
independent variables.
• With help of Multivariate regression model we
can check the significance relationship between the all
34. Hypothesis 4:
The level of
power distance
in a culture will
be negatively
associated with
organizational
risk taking.
Hypothesis 1:
Uncertainty
avoidance in a
culture will be
negatively
associated with
organizational
risk taking.
Hypothesis 2:
The level of
individualism in
a culture will be
positively
associated with
organizational
risk taking.
Hypothesis 3:
The level of
masculinity in a
culture will be
positively
associated with
organizational
risk taking.
NOT
SUPPORTIVE
NOT
SUPPORTIVE
Model Risk Taking
Independent
Variables
Coefficien
t
Standard
Error
Uncertainty
avoidance
-.02** .01
Individualism .01 .01
Masculinity .01 .01
Power distance -.03* .01
Multivariate Regression
Results
* Less
Significant
** Significant
***
35. Model Proactiveness
Independent
Variables
Coefficien
t
Standard
Error
Uncertainty
avoidance
-.02* .01
Individualism -.02** .01
Masculinity .02 .01
Power distance -.08** .02
Hypothesis 8: The level of
power distance in a culture
will be negatively associated
with proactive firm behaviors.
Hypothesis 5: The level of
uncertainty avoidance in a
culture will be negatively
associated with proactive firm
behaviors.
Hypothesis 6: The level of
individualism in a culture will
be negatively associated with
proactive firm behaviors.
Hypothesis 7: The level of
masculinity in a culture will be
positively associated with
proactive firm behaviors.
NOT
SUPPORTIVE
Multivariate
Regression Results
36. The Influence of National Culture on
Organizational Risk Taking and
ProactivenessHypothesi
s
Independent
Variable
Depende
nt
Variable
Hypothesize
d
Relationshi
p
Result
1 Uncertainty
avoidance
Risk taking Negative Supported
2 Individualism Risk taking Positive Not
supported
3 Masculinity Risk taking Positive Not
supported
4 Power distance Risk taking Negative Supported
5 Uncertainty
avoidance
Proactiveness Negative Supported
6 Individualism Proactiveness Negative Supported
7 Masculinity Proactiveness Positive Not
supported
37. OUTLINES OF
PRESENTATION
Abstract Introduction
Theory and
Hypotheses
Purpose of Study
Overview of Study
Route of Study
Methodology
So the point is…
Game Zone
Credits
Random Sampling
Data Collection
Method
Usable Sample
Relationship Between
Culture Dimension with
Risk Taking.
Relationship between
Culture Dimensions &
Proactiveness
Relationship of Institutional
variable with Risk Taking &
Proactiveness.
Theoretical Framework.
ConclusionFindings
Summary of Study
Introduction to
Variables
Direction of Study
Multivariate
Regression.
Summary of Results
Rejection & Selection of
38.
39. This research has suggested an important link
between culture and entrepreneurial activity.
This study has developed framework for
relationship between cultural values, the institutions
and two key dimensions of EO.
Uncertainty avoidance and power distance were both
found to have a significant and negative influence on
risk-taking.
Uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and power distance
were found to negatively influence proactive firm
41. What type of impact is examined in this research
paper on Entrepreneurial Orientation
Dimensions?
?
Rs. 10,000,000/-
PKR
42. What type of impact is examined in this research
paper on Entrepreneurial Orientation
Dimensions?
A. Impact of Entrepreneurship
on Risk Taking and
Proactiveness
?
Rs. 10,000,000/-
PKR
43. What type of impact is examined in this research
paper on Entrepreneurial Orientation
Dimensions?
A. Impact of Entrepreneurship
on Risk Taking and
Proactiveness
B. Impact of literature on
Risk Taking and
Proactiveness
?
Rs. 10,000,000/-
PKR
44. What type of impact is examined in this research
paper on Entrepreneurial Orientation
Dimensions?
A. Impact of Entrepreneurship
on Risk Taking and
Proactiveness
B. Impact of literature on
Risk Taking and
Proactiveness
C. Impact of Culture on
Risk Taking and
?
Rs. 10,000,000/-
PKR
45. What type of impact is examined in this research
paper on Entrepreneurial Orientation
Dimensions?
A. Impact of Entrepreneurship
on Risk Taking and
Proactiveness
D. Impact of Innovations
on Risk Taking and
B. Impact of literature on
Risk Taking and
Proactiveness
C. Impact of Culture on
Risk Taking and
?
Rs. 10,000,000/-
PKR
46. What type of impact is examined in this research
paper on Entrepreneurial Orientation
Dimensions?
A. Impact of Entrepreneurship
on Risk Taking and
Proactiveness
D. Impact of Innovations
on Risk Taking and
B. Impact of literature on
Risk Taking and
Proactiveness
C. Impact of Culture on
Risk Taking and
?
Rs. 10,000,000/-
PKR
47. What type of impact is examined in this research
paper on Entrepreneurial Orientation
Dimensions?
A. Impact of Entrepreneurship
on Risk Taking and
Proactiveness
D. Impact of Innovations
on Risk Taking and
B. Impact of literature on
Risk Taking and
Proactiveness
C. Impact of Culture on
Risk Taking and
?
Rs. 10,000,000/-
PKR
48.
49. Presenter
Aaqib Shahbaz Butt
(B.B.A in Banking & Finance from GCUF; Lecturer of Commerce)
Shahid Ayub
(BS in Commerce from GCUF; Own Business)
Presenting to
Dr. Abdul Ghafor (Assistant Professor at UAF)
Class of MS Marketing 2nd & 3rd
Research Paper
Cultural Influences on Entrepreneurial Orientation: The Impact of National Culture on Risk Taking and
Proactiveness in SMEs
Acknowledgement
A Special thanks to Sir. Abdul Ghafor for supporting us and giving guide line in beautiful environment, thanks
Sir.
A Big thanks to my Teacher, Class Fellow & Friend Mr. Izhar ul Haq
Dedication
We dedicate this presentation to our beloved parents.