3. Background Info
❏ Solid-state synthesis
❏ Branch of material chemistry : Mix &
match solids.
❏ Why is this study so important?
❏ Obtain new compounds with unique
properties to aid the technologically
dependent world we live in.
4. Cornerstone of technology
❏ Superconductors such as high purity silicon and catalysts like platinum,
took a pivotal role in the industrialization process during the 20th century.
Chen et al. 2015
“In recent years, electrochemical capacitors,
also known as supercapacitors, have
received a large amount of attention as an
important power storage device due to their
high power density, fast recharge capability
and long cycle life .”
6. Problem
❏ Synthesize new compounds from the combination of
different metals from the families 13, 14, 15, chalcogens
(group 16) and intrinsic Oxygen.
7. Hypothesis
❏ After heat application, oxidation reactions will occur and
hopefully, crystals will appear .
❏ This is a trial and error experimentation
9. Reactions
Ternary Quaternary
1 In : 1 Sb 1 S : 1 Bi : 1 In
1 In : 1 Bi 1 Pb : 1 Sn : 1 S
2 In : 1 Sn 2 In : 1 Sn : 1S
2 In : 1 Pb 2 In : 1 Sn : 2 S
Ternary Quaternary
5 In : 3 Sb 1 Co : 2 In : 1 S
5 Sn : 3 Pb 1 Co : 1 Bi : 1 S
5 Bi : 3 Pb 1 In : 2 Co : 2 S
1 Bi : 2 Pb 1 In : 1 Bi : 1 S
11. Methodology
Transfer the reaction
to the tube
Heat in the GSL-
1100x “Lisa”
”
Results Analysis
via Microscope
http://instrumentosdela
boratorio.org/espatula-
de-laboratorio
21. Future Work
❏ Try new combinations of ternary and quaternary
compounds
❏ Analyze the data collected with the appropriate
instrumentation
22. References
Chen S, Xue M, Li Y, Zhu L, Zhang D, Fang Q, Qiu S. 2015. Porous ZnCo2O4
nanoparticles derived from a new mixed-metal organic framework for supercapacitors.
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) (2) . [2014 Oct 17, cited 2015 April 29] 2:(177-
183). DOI: 10.1039/c4qi00167b
C. Z. Yuan, L. Yang, L. R. Hou, L. F. Shen, X. G. Zhang and X. W. Lou, Energy
Environ. Sci., 2012, 5, 7883.
Koscielski L, Ringe E, Van Duyne R, Ellis D, Ibers J. 2012. Single-Crystal
Structures, Optical Absorptions, and Electronic Distributions of Thorium
Oxychalcogenides ThOQ (Q= S, Se, Te). American Chemical Society
dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic300510x | Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 8112−8118.
23. Acknowledgements
● RISE Program at UPR Cayey
● Omar Padilla
● Christopher Bernard
● Andres Diaz
● Maria Rivera
● Roberto González
Abneil
This synthesis consist in the mix of two solids.
This is an important study because it lets us synthesize new compounds to characterize and to evaluate new properties po
Anibal
Superconductors have high capacity to conduct electricity such as silicon as the word expresses.
Inside of your computer or maybe even your television set are little black boxes called chips. Scientists flatten silicon crystals into little circles called wafers. These wafers are then stamped with the image of a computer chip.
Here we have the sample of a work related to what we did,
this was done by Koscieslky and collaborators and they managed to characterize physical and chemical properties of a thorium derived compound
Ramon
Quaternary: 2 metals, chalcogen and intrinsic Oxygen
Ternary: 2 metals with Intrinsic Oxygen
Ann
Redox occurs
Important factor :
We do not know what combination or quantitiy we need to form crystals,
Difficult because the combinations are endless
Predictions are what make this proyect so challening
Anibal
Similar elements to have the same melting point and a constant heating curve during experimentation
Ramon
1) The element was selected and determined the mass of each reactant by calculations.
2) First, we have a silica tube of 4 feet. Then, we have 1 feet. Second, the feet divided into 6” with the oxygen acetylene torch.
3) The Carbon Coating we administer 1 drop of acetone to the silica tube and then burn it in the bunsen burner. It was repeated 2 more times. We use the Acetone to have the crystals separated of the tube. The purpose is that the light do not react with the compounds.
Abneil
1)Transfer reactants with the specific amount calculated to react in terms of their ratio
2)Tubes into furnace Lisa to melt one of the solids to make
3) Analyze in dissecting
Ann
As mentioned previously we need reactants close to melting points between each,
For each reaction heating , be it ternary or quaternary it is neccesary to build a heating curve
This heating curve will determine at which temperature compounds will mix
At this constant temperature the reactants will mix in their liquid states.
Cooling produces crystals and a faster cooling will not give enough time for crystal growth
Anibal
Ramon
In Chemistry, powder are tiny particles that have crystal structure.
In the images of each reaction we saw powder. Powder: tiny particles that are above the floor and in the air. (Dictionary)
Ramon
Ramon
Ramon
Abneil
We did not obtained the kind of crystals we were expecting.
We obtain Oxide Powder.
Ann
Unfortunately, we had various limitations
Not much time to make 16 reactions, only achieved 8 of them.
The quaternary was not possible since every reaction had to be exposed to about 7 days or more
Intrinsic oxygen could not be calculated.