Present perfect-vs-past-simple
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This document discusses the usage of the present perfect and simple past tenses. The simple past is used with specific past time adverbials to indicate remoteness, while the present perfect emphasizes the present perspective or result of an event rather than when it occurred. Various time phrases are categorized as being used with the simple past, present perfect, or either tense. The document also notes that context can imply past time without an adverbial and discusses using the past tense for completed vs. incomplete historical periods.
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The sentences are:
1. Grammatical
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3. Ungrammatical. We cannot use the present perfect with "since" to indicate a duration up to the present. It should be "I have been studying since noon."
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understanding verb tense.ppt
Here is the paragraph with consistent verb tenses:
(1) I was in my room Saturday morning, planning to study for two hours.
No changes were needed because the verbs were already in the same tense (past progressive) to describe actions occurring at the same time.
understanding verb tense.ppt
Here is the paragraph with consistent verb tenses:
(1) I was in my room Saturday morning, planning to study for two hours.
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Uvod u morfosintaksu, lecture 08, 12 13
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Here is the paragraph with consistent verb tenses:
(1) I was in my room Saturday morning, planning to study for two hours.
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Here is the paragraph with consistent verb tenses:
(1) I was in my room Saturday morning, planning to study for two hours.
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The document provides templates for describing a film, including its genre, setting, starring actors, director, plot summary, positive and negative vocabulary for critique, and recommendations. Templates include options for comedies, sci-fi films, documentaries, and more. Students are assigned to choose a film and write a 150-word review using the templates, with varying verb tenses and vocabulary related to films.
Convocatoria orales abril_bis
Este documento lista os nomes e horários de estudantes agendados para exames orais em Abril para quatro grupos diferentes (Grupos B2.2, C, D). Fornece datas e horários específicos para cada estudante realizar seu exame oral.
Convocatoria orales abril_bis
O documento lista os nomes e horários de estudantes marcados para exames orais em Abril, divididos em quatro grupos (A, B, C e D) ao longo de três semanas.
Film vocabulary
This document discusses key vocabulary terms related to movies, including genre, plot, characters, actors, location, costume, soundtrack, and extras. It then provides descriptions of common movie genres such as romantic comedy, drama, comedy, horror, action, animated, musical, and science fiction. Genres are defined by their typical plots, tones, and content. For example, romantic comedies focus on two people falling in love and overcoming humorous obstacles, while horror movies aim to scare viewers with monsters. The document serves to introduce basic movie terminology and genres.
Discursive essay vocabulary
This document provides guidance on argumentative writing. It outlines the key steps, which include understanding the task, planning main points by finding evidence and explanations to support a clear purpose and audience. When writing, use an introduction, alternative views, criticism of alternatives, and a conclusion. Techniques like facts, opinions, rhetorical questions and statistics presented in a FOREST structure can support points. Connectives should link ideas and paragraphs while words and phrases can establish objectivity. A checklist ensures an argument is convincing and sources are properly included to prevent plagiarism. As an example, guidance is given to write a 250-word essay weighing for and against arguments on the topic "Technology: Friend or Foe?".
Easter tasks key
The document contains a collection of unrelated lists, passages and tasks that do not form a coherent whole. It includes the titles "Reading Easter Tasks", "7 Habits of Frugal People", "Listening Easter Tasks", "Poaching", "TechnologyNews" and "Interview with Rowan Atkinson" followed by sets of letters, numbers or single letters that appear to be answers to quiz or test questions. However, there is no main body text or overall topic that ties these disparate elements together into a meaningful document.
Usedto 090416144504-phpapp01
The document provides information about the use of "used to", "be used to", and "get used to" in the past tense. It explains that "used to" is used with an infinitive verb to talk about habitual actions in the past. It notes that "be used to" takes a noun or verb-ing to talk about being accustomed to something. And it states that "get used to" also takes a noun or verb-ing, and means to become accustomed to something. Examples are provided for the use of each structure.
Unreal uses of the past simple
The document discusses different ways to express wishes and preferences in English using modal verbs and conditional structures. It explains how to use "wish" with the past simple and past perfect tenses to talk about present regrets and past regrets. It also covers using "if only" for more emphasis, as well as "wish" with "would" to express annoyance about something. Additionally, it discusses using "would rather" with the infinitive or past tense to express preferences where the subject does or does not change. Finally, it examines different ways to encourage or criticize someone about something that needs to be done now using "it's time."
Money idioms
The document defines common English idioms related to money, including "back-of-the-envelope calculation" meaning a quick informal estimate, "tighten one's belt" meaning to spend carefully with less available money, and "born with a silver spoon in your mouth" referring to someone born into a wealthy family. It also explains idioms such as "cash cow" referring to a reliable source of income, "money laundering" involving concealing illegally obtained money, and "cost the earth" or "made of money" relating to being very expensive or rich.
How to add emphasis: inversions
The document discusses different types of inversion in English grammar:
1) Question inversion, where the verb and subject are reversed in questions.
2) Inversion after negative adverbials like "never" or "rarely", which is used for emphasis.
3) Inversion after phrases like "so...that" or "such...that", as well as conditional sentences without "if" to make the sentences more formal.
How to write a review
The document provides guidance on writing a movie review in 3 paragraphs:
The introduction summarizes the title, director, genre, setting of "The King's Speech" about King George VI's struggle with a stammer.
The first main paragraph outlines the plot from when the story begins to King George's broadcast during World War 2 with his therapist's help. The second paragraph praises the performances, especially Colin Firth's portrayal of the king.
The conclusion strongly recommends the film for showing the challenges of stammering across social classes and finding compensation after overcoming adversity.
Articles
This document discusses the use of articles (a, an, the) in English. It explains that "a" and "an" are indefinite articles used with non-specific nouns, while "the" is the definite article used with specific nouns. It provides examples of when to use each article and exceptions to the rules. It also covers countable vs. non-countable nouns and the omission of articles in certain contexts.
Making a phone call
This document provides vocabulary and expressions related to making phone calls. It lists different types of phones like pay phones, cell phones, and web phones. It also defines related terms like country codes, area codes, phone numbers, phone booths, calling cards, and bills. Phrases covered include asking to speak to someone, leaving messages, and indicating a phone is busy. Key actions like making calls, answering calls, dialing numbers, and pushing phone buttons are also outlined.
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Present perfect-vs-past-simple
- 1. Usages
- 2. Sheila has joined the Sierra Club. Sheila joined the Sierra Club. The use of the present perfect has more to do with our present perspective on the event rather than on the actual time at which it took place.
- 3. The simple past tense occurs with specific past-time adverbials. The core meaning of the past tense is remoteness. The use of specific past-time adverbials (e.g., yesterday, last year, 1990) makes the past tense obligatory. The use of certain more general temporal adverbials is commonly associated with the perfect (e.g., already, since, yet).
- 4. Organise the phrases in the next slide into three columns headed used with simple past, used with present perfect and used with either.
- 5. Up to now In the last century During Kennedy’s lifetime Over the last Three months hundred years or For three months ago so Since three This is the first Recently months ago time I Throughout the Since the Lately 17th century Vietnam War Within the last After the Second Today three months World War
- 6. In the last century during Kennedy’s lifetime Three months ago Throughout the 17th century
- 7. Up to now Over the last hundred years or so Since three months ago This is the first time I Lately Since the Vietnam War Within the last three months
- 8. For three months Recently Today After the Second World War
- 9. Even if a past-time adverbial isn’t explicit, the remoteness may be defined elsewhere in the context or simply implied: John Lennon was a creative genius.
- 10. The past tense is used for a completed historical period versus an incomplete one: My father lived here all his life. My father has lived here all his life.
- 11. The function of the present perfect is to change the nature of the relationship between the subject and predicate – it emphasizes the predicated event’s result. I’ve been to Japan twice already, but I still don’t speak much Japanese.
- 12. Past simple is used by speakers to talk about past events which are, or which they regard as, finalised, or over and done with. Present perfect is used by speakers to talk about events which are still current, or which they want to highlight as being incomplete or still relevant.