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1. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
El present perfect se utiliza para referirse a acciones que empezaron en el pasado y que continúan en el
presente. En español equivale en la mayoría de sus usos al pretérito perfecto en español: yo he comido,
tú has comido, él ha comido, etc.
ESTRUCTURA DEL PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Forma afirmativa
SUBJECT AUXILIARY
VERB
(PAST
PARTICIPLE)
EXAMPLES
I
have
've
been
I have been to Lima.(yo) he estado en Lima.
You You have been to Lima.(tú) Has estado en Lima.
He
has
's
He has been to Lima.(él) Ha estado en Lima.
She She has been to Lima.(ella) Ha estado en Lima.
It It has been to Lima.(ello) Ha estado en Lima
We
have
've
We have been to Lima.(nosotros/as) Hemos estado en Lima.
They They have been to Lima ellos/as) Han estado en Lima.

2. SUBJECT AUXILIARY
VERB
(PAST
PARTICIPLE)
EXAMPLES
I
have not
haven't
been
I haven't been to Lima.(yo) No he estado en Lima.
You You haven't been to Lima.(tú) No has estado en Lima.
He
has not
hasn't
He hasn't been to Lima.(él) No ha estado en Lima.
She She hasn't been to Lima.(ella) No ha estado en Lima.
It It hasn't been to Lima.(ello) No ha estado en Lima.
We
have not
haven't
We haven't been to Lima.(nosotros/as) No hemos estado en Lima.
They They haven't been to Lima.(ellos/as) No han estado en Lima.

3. La Forma interrogativa
AUXILIARY SUBJECT
VERB
(PAST PARTICIPLE)
EXAMPLES
Have
I
been?
Have I been to Lima?(yo) ¿He estado en Lima?
you Have you been to Lima?(tú) Has estado en Lima?
Has
he Has he been to Lima?(él) ¿Ha estado en Lima?
she Has she been to Lima?(ella) ¿Ha estado en Lima?
it Has it been to Lima?(ello) ¿Ha estado en Lima?
Have
we Have we been to Lima?(nosotros/as) ¿Hemos estado en Lima?
you Have you been to Lima?(vosotros/as) ¿Habéis estado en Lima?
they Have they been to Lima?(ellos/as) ¿Han estado en Lima?

4. Al igual que el resto de tiempos verbales, las oraciones interrogativas en present perfect también
cuentan con sus propias respuestas cortas.
ADVERB SUBJECT AUXILIARY
Yes,
I
have
you
he
hasshe
it
we
haveyou
they
ADVERB SUBJECT AUXILIARY
No,
I
haven't
you
he
hasn'tshe
it

5. ADVERB SUBJECT AUXILIARY
we
haven'tyou
they
USOS:
 Una acción o situación iniciada en el pasado y que continúa en el presente. I have lived in Piura
since 1984 (= todavía vivo allí.)
 Una acción realizada durante un periodo de tiempo aún no concluido. She has been to the cinema
twice this week (= la semana todavía no ha terminado.)
 Una acción repetida en un periodo temporal inespecífico situado entre el pasado y el
presente. We have visited Cajamarca several times.
 Una acción que ha concluido en un pasado muy reciente, lo que se indica mediante 'just'. I have
just finished my work.
 Una acción para la cual no es importante el momento preciso en que aconteció. He has read 'War
and Peace'. (= lo relevante es el resultado de la acción)
ACCIONES INICIADAS EN EL PASADO Y QUE CONTINÚAN EN EL PRESENTE
 They haven't lived here for years.
 She has worked in ECOSAC for five years.
 We have had the same car for ten years.
 Have you played the guitar since you were a child?
CUANDO SE HACE REFERENCIA A UN PERIODO TEMPORAL INACABADO
 I have worked hard this week.
 It has rained a lot this year.
 We haven't seen her today.

6. ACCIONES REITERADAS EN UN PERIODO INESPECÍFICO, ENTRE EL PASADO Y EL
PRESENTE.
 My children have seen Jurassic World six times
 It has happened several times already.
 She has visited them frequently.
 We have eaten at that restaurant many times.
ACCIONES CONCLUIDAS EN UN PASADO MUY RECIENTE (+JUST)
 Have you just finished work?
 I have just studied.
 We have just seen her.
 Has he just left?
CUANDO LA DIMENSIÓN TEMPORAL NO ES RELEVANTE O CONOCIDA
 Someone has eaten my soup!
 She's studied Italian, and English.