It is unrealistic to expect students to have future literacy about science, information, and technology if their education includes only facts and concepts relevant during the school years. While life presents situations that cannot be solved by learned responses, the metacognitive strategy is brought into play. Metacognitive skills are needed when habitual responses are not successful. Metacognitive skills will enable students to successfully cope with new situations. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a practical model of implementing strategies to increase students’ ability to comprehend texts and find solutions to word problems based on the theories and empirical background of metacognition. In addition, the distinction between metacognition and cognition and explicit instruction on the learning strategies to develop students metacognitive skills were discussed. It concludes that teachers can raise the level of metacognitive thought in their classrooms by modeling the processes. The use of metacognitive strategies will enable students to be independent and strategic learners.
Cognitive dimensions development is one of the objective of education. This research aimed to identify the structure, evaluate the focus, analyze the conformity toward the referred adoption standard, and evaluate the emphasis of thinking skill order of cognitive processes in the e-textbook for 4th grade students. Evaluation was carried out for the curriculum 2013 e-textbooks published in 2014, including theme 2, 3 and 4. Identification of cognitive process dimensions was carried out using revised Bloom’s taxonomy, while the conformity was anayzed using Alzu’bi’s preference. Statistical analysis was carried out with chi-square test. The result showed that the structure of cognitive dimensions in three examined e-textbooks were not consistent one another. Theme 2 emphasized on the high order thinking skill focused on the creating dimension. Theme 3 emphasized on the low order thinking skill focused on the understanding dimension. While theme 3 facilitated both thinking skill orders with a little tendency to the evaluating dimension. There was no conformity of the cognitive dimensions structure of the three themes toward the referred adoption standard. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference on the structure of cognitive dimensions between themes, and between each themes and the referred adoption standard.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the improvement of students' mathematical literacy ability through the use of mathematics teaching materials with metacognitive approach guidance. This research will be held in the city of Kendari to the subject of this research target is students who are at grade 5 Land in Junior High VIIID Kendari years lessons 2017/2018 with many limited scale trial class is only required as much as 1 class. To know the significance of the increase in the literacy abilities of students using paired t-test. Data processing using the SPSS program with criteria if α=0,05 then there is an increased of student's mathematical literacy ability. The results of the analysis on the stages of the evaluation shows the learning materials with metacognitive approach guidance can provide better against an increase in student learning. The ability of the early mathematical literacy against students is very less because of learning during this time students have not been directed with the ability of mathematical literacy. After the students get learning by using learning materials through metacognitive approach guidance, the ability of mathematical literacy students’ level 3 and level 4 underwent significant improvement.
Biology learning in the 21st century leads to the empowerment of metacognitive skills. Increased metacognitive skills can support concept understanding and maximize the students’ retention of concepts. This research aimed at investigating the effect of project-based learning strategy on metacognitive skills, concept understanding and retention of class X students of Senior High School 1 Kairatu, West Seram District, Maluku. This research is a quasi-experimental research using pre test-post test nonequivalent control group design. The samples of this research were all students of classX1 of Senior High School 1 Kairatu. The data obtained in this research were the learning results of metacognitive skills, concept understanding, and retention of the students. The data were analyzed by using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The research results showed that the implementation of project-based learning strategy had a significant effect on students’ metacognitive skills, concept understanding, and retention. Furthermore, the results of post hoc LSD test showed some differences in the notation between the project-based learning strategy and the conventional learning strategy. These results indicated that the learning stages of projectbased learning strategy could empower the students’ metacognitive skills, concept understanding, and retention.
This research is aimed at finding out: 1) the influence of discovery learning model with RME approach on Mathematics learning achievement; 2) the influence of interpersonal intelligence on Mathematics learning achievement; 3) the interaction between discovery learning model with RME approach and interpersonal intelligence on Mathematics learning achievement. The research was conducted at one of the state Elementary Schools in Banjarsari sub-district, Surakarta. The method used in this research was quasiexperimental method with 2x3 factorial design. Hypothesis test was done by two-way variance ANOVA test with different cells. It can be concluded that the discovery learning model with RME approach gives better influence on the Mathematics learning achievement than the direct learning model. Students having high interpersonal intelligence category get better Mathematics learning achievement than those having medium and low category. The students having medium interpersonal intelligence get better Mathematics achievement than those having low category. There is no interaction between learning model and interpersonal intelligence on Mathematics learning achievement.
Student's Patterns of Interaction with a Mathematics Intelligent Tutor: Learn...IJITE
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine potential identifiers of students’ academic success in foundation mathematics course by analyzing the data logs of an intelligent tutor.
Design/ methodology/approach: A cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 58 records was extracted from the data-logs of the intelligent tutor, ALEKS. This data was triangulated with the data collected from surveys. Two-step clustering, correlation and regression analysis, Chi-square analysis and paired sample t-tests were applied to address the research questions.
Findings: The data-logs of ALEKS include information about number of topics practiced and number of topics mastered by each student. Prior knowledge and derived attribute, which is the ratio of number of topics mastered to number of topics practiced(denoted by the variable m top in this paper) are found to be predictors of final marks in the foundation mathematics course with = 42%.
Students were asked to report their preferred way of selecting topics as either sequential or random. Results of paired sample t-test demonstrated that the students who selected topics in a sequential manner were able to retain their mastery of learning after the summative assessment whereas the students who chose topics randomly were not able to retain their mastery of learning.
Originality and value: This research has established three indicators of academic success in the course of foundation mathematics which is delivered using the intelligent tutor ALEKS. Instructors can monitor students’ progress and detect students at-risk who are not able to attain desired pace of learning and guide them to choose the correct sequence of topics.
Using Mind Maps to Improve the Students’ Reading Skills at Dong Nai Technolog...ijtsrd
This is an experimental research about reading skills at Dong Nai Technology University. Its objectives are to find out students’ perception about reading and mind maps as well as to find out whether mind maps can help students in improving their reading skills or not. The data were collected through tests and questionnaires. The test included pre test and post test which were delivered before and after the experimental teaching for both control class and experimental class. The questionnaires were delivered only to experimental class before and after the treatment. The results of this study showed that mind maps technique really helped in improving the students’ reading skills. Nguyen Hoang Phi | Truong Trong Nhan "Using Mind Maps to Improve the Students’ Reading Skills at Dong Nai Technology University" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38253.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/38253/using-mind-maps-to-improve-the-students’-reading-skills-at-dong-nai-technology-university/nguyen-hoang-phi
Cognitive dimensions development is one of the objective of education. This research aimed to identify the structure, evaluate the focus, analyze the conformity toward the referred adoption standard, and evaluate the emphasis of thinking skill order of cognitive processes in the e-textbook for 4th grade students. Evaluation was carried out for the curriculum 2013 e-textbooks published in 2014, including theme 2, 3 and 4. Identification of cognitive process dimensions was carried out using revised Bloom’s taxonomy, while the conformity was anayzed using Alzu’bi’s preference. Statistical analysis was carried out with chi-square test. The result showed that the structure of cognitive dimensions in three examined e-textbooks were not consistent one another. Theme 2 emphasized on the high order thinking skill focused on the creating dimension. Theme 3 emphasized on the low order thinking skill focused on the understanding dimension. While theme 3 facilitated both thinking skill orders with a little tendency to the evaluating dimension. There was no conformity of the cognitive dimensions structure of the three themes toward the referred adoption standard. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference on the structure of cognitive dimensions between themes, and between each themes and the referred adoption standard.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the improvement of students' mathematical literacy ability through the use of mathematics teaching materials with metacognitive approach guidance. This research will be held in the city of Kendari to the subject of this research target is students who are at grade 5 Land in Junior High VIIID Kendari years lessons 2017/2018 with many limited scale trial class is only required as much as 1 class. To know the significance of the increase in the literacy abilities of students using paired t-test. Data processing using the SPSS program with criteria if α=0,05 then there is an increased of student's mathematical literacy ability. The results of the analysis on the stages of the evaluation shows the learning materials with metacognitive approach guidance can provide better against an increase in student learning. The ability of the early mathematical literacy against students is very less because of learning during this time students have not been directed with the ability of mathematical literacy. After the students get learning by using learning materials through metacognitive approach guidance, the ability of mathematical literacy students’ level 3 and level 4 underwent significant improvement.
Biology learning in the 21st century leads to the empowerment of metacognitive skills. Increased metacognitive skills can support concept understanding and maximize the students’ retention of concepts. This research aimed at investigating the effect of project-based learning strategy on metacognitive skills, concept understanding and retention of class X students of Senior High School 1 Kairatu, West Seram District, Maluku. This research is a quasi-experimental research using pre test-post test nonequivalent control group design. The samples of this research were all students of classX1 of Senior High School 1 Kairatu. The data obtained in this research were the learning results of metacognitive skills, concept understanding, and retention of the students. The data were analyzed by using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The research results showed that the implementation of project-based learning strategy had a significant effect on students’ metacognitive skills, concept understanding, and retention. Furthermore, the results of post hoc LSD test showed some differences in the notation between the project-based learning strategy and the conventional learning strategy. These results indicated that the learning stages of projectbased learning strategy could empower the students’ metacognitive skills, concept understanding, and retention.
This research is aimed at finding out: 1) the influence of discovery learning model with RME approach on Mathematics learning achievement; 2) the influence of interpersonal intelligence on Mathematics learning achievement; 3) the interaction between discovery learning model with RME approach and interpersonal intelligence on Mathematics learning achievement. The research was conducted at one of the state Elementary Schools in Banjarsari sub-district, Surakarta. The method used in this research was quasiexperimental method with 2x3 factorial design. Hypothesis test was done by two-way variance ANOVA test with different cells. It can be concluded that the discovery learning model with RME approach gives better influence on the Mathematics learning achievement than the direct learning model. Students having high interpersonal intelligence category get better Mathematics learning achievement than those having medium and low category. The students having medium interpersonal intelligence get better Mathematics achievement than those having low category. There is no interaction between learning model and interpersonal intelligence on Mathematics learning achievement.
Student's Patterns of Interaction with a Mathematics Intelligent Tutor: Learn...IJITE
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine potential identifiers of students’ academic success in foundation mathematics course by analyzing the data logs of an intelligent tutor.
Design/ methodology/approach: A cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 58 records was extracted from the data-logs of the intelligent tutor, ALEKS. This data was triangulated with the data collected from surveys. Two-step clustering, correlation and regression analysis, Chi-square analysis and paired sample t-tests were applied to address the research questions.
Findings: The data-logs of ALEKS include information about number of topics practiced and number of topics mastered by each student. Prior knowledge and derived attribute, which is the ratio of number of topics mastered to number of topics practiced(denoted by the variable m top in this paper) are found to be predictors of final marks in the foundation mathematics course with = 42%.
Students were asked to report their preferred way of selecting topics as either sequential or random. Results of paired sample t-test demonstrated that the students who selected topics in a sequential manner were able to retain their mastery of learning after the summative assessment whereas the students who chose topics randomly were not able to retain their mastery of learning.
Originality and value: This research has established three indicators of academic success in the course of foundation mathematics which is delivered using the intelligent tutor ALEKS. Instructors can monitor students’ progress and detect students at-risk who are not able to attain desired pace of learning and guide them to choose the correct sequence of topics.
Using Mind Maps to Improve the Students’ Reading Skills at Dong Nai Technolog...ijtsrd
This is an experimental research about reading skills at Dong Nai Technology University. Its objectives are to find out students’ perception about reading and mind maps as well as to find out whether mind maps can help students in improving their reading skills or not. The data were collected through tests and questionnaires. The test included pre test and post test which were delivered before and after the experimental teaching for both control class and experimental class. The questionnaires were delivered only to experimental class before and after the treatment. The results of this study showed that mind maps technique really helped in improving the students’ reading skills. Nguyen Hoang Phi | Truong Trong Nhan "Using Mind Maps to Improve the Students’ Reading Skills at Dong Nai Technology University" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38253.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/38253/using-mind-maps-to-improve-the-students’-reading-skills-at-dong-nai-technology-university/nguyen-hoang-phi
B.ED., TRAINEES’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS BLENDED LEARNING IN TEACHING AND LEARNIN...Thiyagu K
The concept of blended learning has been with us for some time and really builds on the good practice of blending teaching and learning styles for the benefit of the learner. This is as true when e-learning and online learning are added to the mix, as it would be for integration of practical work. The potential of new technologies can be maximised when you see how best to blend e-learning with existing programmes to the benefit of learners. The main aim of the study is to find out the B.Ed., Trainees’ perceptions towards Blended Learning in Teaching and learning of Mathematics. Survey method is employed for this study. The investigator has chosen 150 mathematics optional B.Ed., trainees for his study. Finally the investigator concludes; (a) 16% of B.Ed., Mathematics trainees have low level, 67.3 % of average level and 16.7% of them have high level of perception towards b-learning. The mean of the perception towards blended learning is 148.46 and standard deviation is 15.92. It is inferred that more number of B.Ed., Trainees have moderate level of perception towards blended learning. (b) There is no significant difference in perception towards blended learning among the B.Ed., Trainees with respect to their gender.
This research aimed to find out the difference of cognitive learning achievement between students taught with Concept Attainment Model and those taught with Discovery Learning model. This study was a quasiexperimental research. The population of research was the 12th Science graders of SMAN 1 Karas of Magetan Regency in school year of 2016/2017. The sample was taken using cluster random sampling technique, consisting of two grades: the 12th Science 4 grade as the first experiment class using Concept Attainment Model and the 12th Science 3 grade as the second experiment class using Discovery Learning model. Technique of collecting data used was t-test technique for data of students’ cognitive learning outcome. Data analysis was carried out using unpaired two-sample variance analysis. The result of research showed there was a difference of cognitive learning outcome between the students treated with learning using Concept Attainment Model and those treated with learning using Discovery Learning. The cognitive learning achievement of students taught with Concept Attainment Model was higher than that of those taught with Discovery Learning.
Through Modular Training Increasing the Efficiency of Educationijtsrd
Professional development through modular training in the article the masses of the wider use of its possibilities to make education more effective are described and appropriate conclusions are made, recommendations are given. G. H. Nigmatova "Through Modular Training Increasing the Efficiency of Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Modern Trends in Scientific Research and Development, Case of Asia , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35794.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/35794/through-modular-training-increasing-the-efficiency-of-education/g-h-nigmatova
TPACK + MATHEMATICS: A REVIEW OF CURRENT TPACK LITERATUREIJITE
This paper will summarize a review of current literature on the Technology, Pedagogy and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, discuss innovative technology integration in teacher preparation and mathematics methods courses for teacher candidates studying elementary education. Themes that emerged in the review of current TPaCKliterature included the importance of understanding the TPACK framework, developing self efficacy, the vital role that modeling plays, how collaboration impacts and finally, just how powerful reflection can be in the application of TPACK. This paper will examine and explain these different themes and summarize the current literature as well as highlight trends on technology integration and TPACK.
TPACK + MATHEMATICS: A REVIEW OF CURRENT TPACK LITERATURE IJITE
This paper will summarize a review of current literature on the Technology, Pedagogy and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, discuss innovative technology integration in teacher preparation and mathematics methods courses for teacher candidates studying elementary education. Themes that emerged in the review of current TPaCKliterature included the importance of understanding the TPACK framework, developing self efficacy, the vital role that modeling plays, how collaboration impacts and finally, just how powerful reflection can be in the application of TPACK. This paper will examine and explain these different themes and summarize the current literature as well as highlight trends on technology integration and TPACK.
The study aims to develop a valid, practical and effective Biology student’s book based on Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) on the topic of biotechnology for Grade XII. The method applied for the study was research and development with the 4-D model. The subjects were 58 Grade XII students of SMAN 1 Muncar, Banyuwangi-Indonesia. The results showed that the average of validation result of STEM-based student’s book was 86.4% which fell under a strong valid category. The average percentage of legibility test and practicality were in very good category of 87.18% and 96.53%, respectively. Meanwhile, the average of effectiveness test was 0.77 of normalized gain categorized in high criteria. In conclusion, it could be determined that STEM-based student’s book of biotechnology is valid, pratical, and effectively used in learning process.
Developing a Learning Trajectory on Fraction Topics by Using Realistic Mathem...iosrjce
This research and development was purposed at (1) developing a learning trajectory on fraction
topics by using Realistic Mathematics Education approach in Primary School; and (2) determining the validity,
practicality, and the effectiveness of the learning trajectory. The results of this research were (1) a learning
trajectory on fraction topics in the form of Teacher’s Guide Book and Student’s Book. (2) Teachers’ Guide Book
and the Student’s Book of learning trajectory were considered valid, practical and effective after being judged
by experts in Mathematics Educators, Language Educators, Experienced Teachers and an Educationalist.
Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the learning trajectory on Fraction Topics by using
Realistic Mathematics Education Approach can be effectively used to improve the learning effectiveness on
Fraction Topics in Primary School.
The purpose of this study is to describe students’ metacognition level in solving scientific literacy. This research use the descriptive method. The subject of this research is 99 students of grade XI in SMA Batik 2 Surakarta. Data collection methods used are test methods which its instruments based on an indicator of scientific literacy and metacognition ability. Data analysis techniques use quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the achievement of scientific literacy in science as a body of knowledge, science as a way of thinking, science as a way of investigating, and science as an interaction between technology and society is still low at below 35%. This is due to 84% student occupy in low metacognition level that is 30% students in tacit use level, 54% students in aware use level, and only 16% students occupy in high metacognition level that is in strategic use level.
This was a field research (literature review and exploration) with descriptive quantitative approach. This study aims: (1) to develop a model (scheme) to assess mathematical power, (2) to test the validity of instruments of mathematical power assessment, and (3) to developa valid and reliable test and non-test instrument prototypes as a mathematical power measurement. The research instruments consist of 4 items of essay test, 20 sheets of observation on investigative activities, and 20 items of questionnaires. Validity test was conducted through constructions built up from 3 aspects of mathematical power ability. Result of instrument analysis showed that: (1) the r of instrument test = 0.947, meaning that the instrument is reliable, (2) the r of activity observation sheets = 0.912, meaning that the instrument is reliable, and (3) the r of questionnaires = 0.770, meaning that the questionnaire is reliable on 0.05 significance level. This study concludes: (a) the steps in the model (scheme) of mathematical power assessment may be used as a reference for assessing mathematical power, (b) test and non-test instruments are valid and reliable, and (c) prototypes of test and non-test instruments may be used as a measurement in mathematical power assessment.
Metacognition is one of the key learning skills in the 21st century, with a strong potential to help students succeed in science learning. Until now, this metacognitive awareness is less empowered by lecturers in learning. This study aimed to analyze the problem-based learning (PBL) reading-questioning-answering (PBLRQA) model's effect on metacognitive awareness in pre-service teachers. This research is a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. Determination of the research sample class was carried out by random sampling. Each learning model was represented by PBLRQA and PBL class. The number of classes used was 2, totaling 57 students. The instrument used was the metacognitive awareness inventory (MAI). This inventory comprised 52 statement items divided into planning, monitoring, evaluating, and revising skills. An important finding in this research is that students' metacognitive awareness in learning with PBL and PBLRQA is not significantly different. Thus, the PBLRQA and PBL models can still be used in students' science learning to encourage metacognitive awareness, so that academic success can be achieved.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between
metacognitive ability and learning autonomy as a strategy for improving
student learning outcomes. Metacognition has a major contribution to the
success of learners because it is mainly concerned with the process of
thinking. For this reason, the classroom environment must be designed to
allow learners the opportunity to autonomously determine their learning
strategies. Autonomous learning itself has a close relationship with the ability
of learners to express, be more creative, have self-esteem, and understand
conceptual learning that is more challenging. The method used in this
research is the descriptive correlational method, with a sample of 30 students
from the Department of Language and Arts. The research sample was
students from the first semester of 2018/2019, who were chosen randomly.
Data were collected through questionnaires and tests. The results showed that
there was a significant correlation between metacognitive ability, learner’s
autonomy, and learning outcomes in Indonesian language courses. These
results indicate that there is an encouragement for students to increase their
learning capacity for themselves. Also, they are encouraged to develop their
learning strategies and have the opportunity to make decisions, especially in
developing ideas.
THESIS PRESENTATION of "Literature: Uncovering Teacher's Teaching Strategies....AsceAcnologia
This is unpublished Thesis Research conducted by Amirsam S. Usman and Meralyn S. Roa of Illana Bay Integrated Computer College Inc. Parang Maguindanao, Philippines. Conducted on 2020 at Parang Maguindanao Philippines, with the title "Literature: Uncovering Teacher's Teaching Strategies". This research paper is to know the best of the best teacher's teaching style and strategies in teaching Literature for the next generation teachers.
This study purposed to investigate researching anxiety of pre-service teachers
that might want to explain why they are able to learn successfully in the
context of difference in program of study. There were 15 pre-service teachers
in M.Ed. program of teaching science and mathematics voluntary
participated. Learning Anxiety Questionnaire (LAQ) was employed their
anxiety towards learning through Google Form. The study revealed that preservice
teachers
had
anxiety
at
medium
level.
However,
some
of
item
present
they
had
different
level
of
anxiety.
The
effective
learning
for
decreasing
level
anxiety
needs
to
be
more
discussed.
B.ED., TRAINEES’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS BLENDED LEARNING IN TEACHING AND LEARNIN...Thiyagu K
The concept of blended learning has been with us for some time and really builds on the good practice of blending teaching and learning styles for the benefit of the learner. This is as true when e-learning and online learning are added to the mix, as it would be for integration of practical work. The potential of new technologies can be maximised when you see how best to blend e-learning with existing programmes to the benefit of learners. The main aim of the study is to find out the B.Ed., Trainees’ perceptions towards Blended Learning in Teaching and learning of Mathematics. Survey method is employed for this study. The investigator has chosen 150 mathematics optional B.Ed., trainees for his study. Finally the investigator concludes; (a) 16% of B.Ed., Mathematics trainees have low level, 67.3 % of average level and 16.7% of them have high level of perception towards b-learning. The mean of the perception towards blended learning is 148.46 and standard deviation is 15.92. It is inferred that more number of B.Ed., Trainees have moderate level of perception towards blended learning. (b) There is no significant difference in perception towards blended learning among the B.Ed., Trainees with respect to their gender.
This research aimed to find out the difference of cognitive learning achievement between students taught with Concept Attainment Model and those taught with Discovery Learning model. This study was a quasiexperimental research. The population of research was the 12th Science graders of SMAN 1 Karas of Magetan Regency in school year of 2016/2017. The sample was taken using cluster random sampling technique, consisting of two grades: the 12th Science 4 grade as the first experiment class using Concept Attainment Model and the 12th Science 3 grade as the second experiment class using Discovery Learning model. Technique of collecting data used was t-test technique for data of students’ cognitive learning outcome. Data analysis was carried out using unpaired two-sample variance analysis. The result of research showed there was a difference of cognitive learning outcome between the students treated with learning using Concept Attainment Model and those treated with learning using Discovery Learning. The cognitive learning achievement of students taught with Concept Attainment Model was higher than that of those taught with Discovery Learning.
Through Modular Training Increasing the Efficiency of Educationijtsrd
Professional development through modular training in the article the masses of the wider use of its possibilities to make education more effective are described and appropriate conclusions are made, recommendations are given. G. H. Nigmatova "Through Modular Training Increasing the Efficiency of Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Modern Trends in Scientific Research and Development, Case of Asia , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35794.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/35794/through-modular-training-increasing-the-efficiency-of-education/g-h-nigmatova
TPACK + MATHEMATICS: A REVIEW OF CURRENT TPACK LITERATUREIJITE
This paper will summarize a review of current literature on the Technology, Pedagogy and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, discuss innovative technology integration in teacher preparation and mathematics methods courses for teacher candidates studying elementary education. Themes that emerged in the review of current TPaCKliterature included the importance of understanding the TPACK framework, developing self efficacy, the vital role that modeling plays, how collaboration impacts and finally, just how powerful reflection can be in the application of TPACK. This paper will examine and explain these different themes and summarize the current literature as well as highlight trends on technology integration and TPACK.
TPACK + MATHEMATICS: A REVIEW OF CURRENT TPACK LITERATURE IJITE
This paper will summarize a review of current literature on the Technology, Pedagogy and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, discuss innovative technology integration in teacher preparation and mathematics methods courses for teacher candidates studying elementary education. Themes that emerged in the review of current TPaCKliterature included the importance of understanding the TPACK framework, developing self efficacy, the vital role that modeling plays, how collaboration impacts and finally, just how powerful reflection can be in the application of TPACK. This paper will examine and explain these different themes and summarize the current literature as well as highlight trends on technology integration and TPACK.
The study aims to develop a valid, practical and effective Biology student’s book based on Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) on the topic of biotechnology for Grade XII. The method applied for the study was research and development with the 4-D model. The subjects were 58 Grade XII students of SMAN 1 Muncar, Banyuwangi-Indonesia. The results showed that the average of validation result of STEM-based student’s book was 86.4% which fell under a strong valid category. The average percentage of legibility test and practicality were in very good category of 87.18% and 96.53%, respectively. Meanwhile, the average of effectiveness test was 0.77 of normalized gain categorized in high criteria. In conclusion, it could be determined that STEM-based student’s book of biotechnology is valid, pratical, and effectively used in learning process.
Developing a Learning Trajectory on Fraction Topics by Using Realistic Mathem...iosrjce
This research and development was purposed at (1) developing a learning trajectory on fraction
topics by using Realistic Mathematics Education approach in Primary School; and (2) determining the validity,
practicality, and the effectiveness of the learning trajectory. The results of this research were (1) a learning
trajectory on fraction topics in the form of Teacher’s Guide Book and Student’s Book. (2) Teachers’ Guide Book
and the Student’s Book of learning trajectory were considered valid, practical and effective after being judged
by experts in Mathematics Educators, Language Educators, Experienced Teachers and an Educationalist.
Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the learning trajectory on Fraction Topics by using
Realistic Mathematics Education Approach can be effectively used to improve the learning effectiveness on
Fraction Topics in Primary School.
The purpose of this study is to describe students’ metacognition level in solving scientific literacy. This research use the descriptive method. The subject of this research is 99 students of grade XI in SMA Batik 2 Surakarta. Data collection methods used are test methods which its instruments based on an indicator of scientific literacy and metacognition ability. Data analysis techniques use quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the achievement of scientific literacy in science as a body of knowledge, science as a way of thinking, science as a way of investigating, and science as an interaction between technology and society is still low at below 35%. This is due to 84% student occupy in low metacognition level that is 30% students in tacit use level, 54% students in aware use level, and only 16% students occupy in high metacognition level that is in strategic use level.
This was a field research (literature review and exploration) with descriptive quantitative approach. This study aims: (1) to develop a model (scheme) to assess mathematical power, (2) to test the validity of instruments of mathematical power assessment, and (3) to developa valid and reliable test and non-test instrument prototypes as a mathematical power measurement. The research instruments consist of 4 items of essay test, 20 sheets of observation on investigative activities, and 20 items of questionnaires. Validity test was conducted through constructions built up from 3 aspects of mathematical power ability. Result of instrument analysis showed that: (1) the r of instrument test = 0.947, meaning that the instrument is reliable, (2) the r of activity observation sheets = 0.912, meaning that the instrument is reliable, and (3) the r of questionnaires = 0.770, meaning that the questionnaire is reliable on 0.05 significance level. This study concludes: (a) the steps in the model (scheme) of mathematical power assessment may be used as a reference for assessing mathematical power, (b) test and non-test instruments are valid and reliable, and (c) prototypes of test and non-test instruments may be used as a measurement in mathematical power assessment.
Metacognition is one of the key learning skills in the 21st century, with a strong potential to help students succeed in science learning. Until now, this metacognitive awareness is less empowered by lecturers in learning. This study aimed to analyze the problem-based learning (PBL) reading-questioning-answering (PBLRQA) model's effect on metacognitive awareness in pre-service teachers. This research is a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. Determination of the research sample class was carried out by random sampling. Each learning model was represented by PBLRQA and PBL class. The number of classes used was 2, totaling 57 students. The instrument used was the metacognitive awareness inventory (MAI). This inventory comprised 52 statement items divided into planning, monitoring, evaluating, and revising skills. An important finding in this research is that students' metacognitive awareness in learning with PBL and PBLRQA is not significantly different. Thus, the PBLRQA and PBL models can still be used in students' science learning to encourage metacognitive awareness, so that academic success can be achieved.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between
metacognitive ability and learning autonomy as a strategy for improving
student learning outcomes. Metacognition has a major contribution to the
success of learners because it is mainly concerned with the process of
thinking. For this reason, the classroom environment must be designed to
allow learners the opportunity to autonomously determine their learning
strategies. Autonomous learning itself has a close relationship with the ability
of learners to express, be more creative, have self-esteem, and understand
conceptual learning that is more challenging. The method used in this
research is the descriptive correlational method, with a sample of 30 students
from the Department of Language and Arts. The research sample was
students from the first semester of 2018/2019, who were chosen randomly.
Data were collected through questionnaires and tests. The results showed that
there was a significant correlation between metacognitive ability, learner’s
autonomy, and learning outcomes in Indonesian language courses. These
results indicate that there is an encouragement for students to increase their
learning capacity for themselves. Also, they are encouraged to develop their
learning strategies and have the opportunity to make decisions, especially in
developing ideas.
THESIS PRESENTATION of "Literature: Uncovering Teacher's Teaching Strategies....AsceAcnologia
This is unpublished Thesis Research conducted by Amirsam S. Usman and Meralyn S. Roa of Illana Bay Integrated Computer College Inc. Parang Maguindanao, Philippines. Conducted on 2020 at Parang Maguindanao Philippines, with the title "Literature: Uncovering Teacher's Teaching Strategies". This research paper is to know the best of the best teacher's teaching style and strategies in teaching Literature for the next generation teachers.
This study purposed to investigate researching anxiety of pre-service teachers
that might want to explain why they are able to learn successfully in the
context of difference in program of study. There were 15 pre-service teachers
in M.Ed. program of teaching science and mathematics voluntary
participated. Learning Anxiety Questionnaire (LAQ) was employed their
anxiety towards learning through Google Form. The study revealed that preservice
teachers
had
anxiety
at
medium
level.
However,
some
of
item
present
they
had
different
level
of
anxiety.
The
effective
learning
for
decreasing
level
anxiety
needs
to
be
more
discussed.
The purpose of this study is to find out the critical thinking skills indicators and aspects of prospective elementary school teachers in mathematics-science integration lectures on electrical circuits and mathematical logic lesson. This research uses random sampling technique in which 30 first semester students were chosen randomly from one of university in Padang region West Sumatera Indonesia. This research uses Research and Development (R & D). The critical thinking skills are seen from processes, observations, and tests. The process of critical thinking skills of prospective elementary school teachers on the average of critical thinking skills indicator is 84% in strategies and tactics, 80% in advanced clarification and 83% in elementary clarification, basic support, and inference. The result of observing the critical thinking skills of prospective elementary school teachers on the average of each lectures is significantly increased to be 81.9%. The results of pre-test and post-test were increased significantly. It is shown from N-gain of 0.7 to be medium category.
Applying language learning theories to the use of virtual classroom in teaching literature –a pilot study
John Dewey, Jean Piaget, and Audrey Gray are some of the proponents of Constructivism. Constructivism represents a paradigm shift from education based on behaviourism to education based on cognitive theory. Behaviourist model for instructional design develops a set of instructional sequences having predefined outputs which are used for subject development. Cognitive theory concentrates on the conceptualization of students’ learning processes and exploration of the way information is received, organized, retained and used by the brain (Thompson et al, 1996).
Gagnon and Collay (1999) state that in constructivist paradigm, knowledge is constructed by learners during (1) active learning, (2) making their own representation of action, (3) conveying meaning to others, and (4) explaining things they don‘t understand completely. At the minimum, a learning environment contains: the student and a setting or space wherein the student acts, uses tools and devices, collects and interprets information, interacts with others, etc. (Wilson, 1996)
According to constructivists, knowledge is not received from the outside or from someone else; it is the individual student’s interpretation and processing of what is received through the senses that creates knowledge. Students should be allowed to construct knowledge rather than being given knowledge through instruction (Duffy & Cunningham, 1996).
In this Presentation, we will explore a fundamental aspect of mathematics education: the impact of manipulatives on conceptual understanding versus rote learning.
As the language of logic and reasoning, mathematics serves as the basis for many other academic fields as well as real-world applications. We will discuss how two distinct teaching approaches influence students' understanding and mathematical skill.
We'll concentrate on using manipulatives, those tangible tools that help make abstract ideas come to life—as well as the traditional rote learning method, which includes memorization done repeatedly.
The goal of our exploration is not only to understand how manipulatives and rote learning affect students' conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills, but also to assess the success of each method in developing mathematical competence in learners.
Metacognitive Strategies: Instructional Approaches in Teaching and Learning o...IJAEMSJORNAL
The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the metacognitive strategies as instructional approaches in teaching and learning of Basic Calculus. A number of 48 students consisting of 24 boys and 24 girls were purposively sampled in this study. Pretest-posttest quasi experimental research design was used which applied t-test and descriptive statistics. Both groups were subject to two instruments that were comprised of problem-solving test (pretest and posttest) and observation guide. Experimental group was taught Basic Calculus using metacognitive strategies while the control group was taught Basic Calculus using traditional teaching strategies. Both groups were subject to a pretest. Class observation was done while the two teaching strategies were applied. In the end, the posttest was administered to both groups to identify the effectiveness of the two teaching strategies. The data gathered were treated using paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. The results of the study showed that the experimental group had significantly higher posttest scores as compared to control group which proved that metacognitive teaching strategies were more effective in improving the performance and problem-solving skills of the students than the traditional teaching strategies. It was also observed that students who taught using metacognitive strategies helped the students to be extremely engaged in Basic Calculus lessons cognitively, behaviorally, and affectively. The study reveals that the significant increase of the students’ learning engagement in Basic Calculus lessons led the students to a corresponding increase in their posttest scores.
Utilizing Reciprocal Strategies to Improve Non English Majored Students’ Read...ijtsrd
The research aims to make an overview introduction of reciprocal teaching and examine the effects of this teaching technique on improving non English majored students’ reading comprehension at UNETI. The research employed a quasi experimental design with mixed methodology approach. SPSS 22 statistic technique of independent t test and paired sample t test was applied to process and analyze the quantitative data. The significance value was measured at 0,365 which is higher than the level of significance 0,05 . This proved that there was a significant effect of using RT strategy on students’ reading comprehension. Besides, qualitative methodology was applied in order for the researchers to get deeper understanding on participants’ performance and attitudes towards reciprocal teaching in reading class. With data collection tools as journals and focus group interview, textual data was gathered, analyzed and crosschecked to evaluate the validity and reliability of the research. The findings demonstrated that participants are impacted positively with reciprocal teaching instruction. In the light of the present study, the students reported that they found the reading lessons more interesting and exciting. Besides, the students were motivated to interact in class to discuss the target passage. Hence, they felt more confident and responsible for their own study. Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha | Vu Viet Phuong | Do Thi Tieu Yen "Utilizing Reciprocal Strategies to Improve Non- English Majored Students’ Reading Comprehension" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38601.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38601/utilizing-reciprocal-strategies-to-improve-non-english-majored-students’-reading-comprehension/nguyen-thi-thanh-ha
The specific processes, techniques, and actions that learners take to facilitate their language learning have been widely explored under the concept of language learning strategies (LLS); however, more exploration is needed about recent investigations in this area, as calls for new theorization of strategies research have emerged. This systematic literature review aimed at exploring the prevailing research methodologies and educational settings appertaining to LLS in English as foreign language (EFL) contexts. The study analyzed 42 articles published from 2017 to 2023 in journals in the field of social sciences in the Scopus and ERIC databases. The findings show how non-intervention quantitative approaches are predominant in LLS research, occasionally accompanied by qualitative data collection methods. Accordingly, most research has favored descriptive and correlational designs, identifying the relationships between the use of strategies and variables such as language proficiency, demographic aspects, motivation, and self-regulation. Grounded on the revision of existing evidence, this article advises future strategy-based research to focus on primary and secondary levels of education, strategy instruction, cultural aspects, and qualitative research designs.
This study aimed to i) analyse learning problems in science at boarding schools for junior high school students and ii) determine the effectiveness of science learning in the context of Islamic teachings using the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, -religion (STEM-R) approach to improve reflective and critical thinking skills. The research method applied in this study was a sequential exploratory mixed method. The research design consisted of five stages: i) qualitative data gathering, ii) qualitative data analysis, iii) quantitative data gathering, iv) quantitative data analysis, and v) data interpretation. The subjects of this study were 192 students from boarding schools and were divided into 6 groups. The research results obtained were the school, parents, science teachers and religion teachers’ vision and mission causing students to like or dislike science. An excellent teacher is viewed by students as someone who can make learning enjoyable, exhibit creativity in presenting educational material, possess the ability to motivate, link science and religion, engage in investigative activities, infuse humour, establish connections between science and everyday life, and communicate concepts effectively. Moreover, distinctions in reflective thinking and critical thinking abilities were observed between the experimental group and the control group. Learning that connects science and Islamic religion and examines STEM-R aspects is able to develop students' thinking skills.
This study aims to reveal the profile of open-start problem-solving with ethnomathematics regarding student learning styles. This research is a qualitative research study on 3 out of 31 students of Junior High School of 3 Magetan taken by purposive sampling. The three students carried out four stages: understanding the problem, planning problem-solving strategies, implementing problem-solving strategies, and reviewing again. The results of the research show that students with a visual learning style solve problems by understanding problems through writing known and being asked and drawing illustrations, planning problem-solving strategies by making examples, carrying out solving strategies by working on the calculation process; students with an auditory learning style solve problems by understanding problems through writing known and being asked, planning strategies by making problems and formulating formulas used, implementing solutions by doing calculations and reviewing; students with a kinesthetic learning style solve problems by understanding issues through writing known and being asked, making examples and writing the formulas used, carrying out solving strategies by applying the calculation process and reviewing the results obtained. However, of the three styles, the results of the accepted work were not correct because they did not write down the conclusions and were not thorough enough.
The volunteer function inventory (VFI) is an assessment tool to measure individual volunteer motivation. VFI measures individual motivation to volunteer by examining the functional motives of each volunteer. This research aimed to adapt the VFI to the Indonesian language. VFI consists of 30 items divided into five dimensions. This study utilized a non-experimental quantitative research method. Samples were acquired by accidental random sampling with N = 176. In this study, reliability testing was carried out with items and dimensions of Cronbach's α. Validity tests were examined using construct validity and item analysis. The results of the Indonesian version of VFI showed high reliability and validity. Besides, the item analysis also shows that the quality of each item is excellent. The Indonesian version of VFI will be suitable for various education fields in Indonesia to measure the students' voluntary willingness in community development activities, for example, in measuring the impact of volunteerism in the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) social activities and other activities within the communities.
Digital history-based project-based learning (PjBL) in history learning is a learning medium that can provide a special attraction for students who can improve historical concept skills and historical awareness. However, there are still many teachers who have not used it, so it is very important to study it. This research aims to analyze the influence of the digital history based PJBL model in improving historical concept skills and historical awareness. The method used is quasi-experimental with two classes, experimental and control. The population used class XI high school students in Lampung, Indonesia and the sample size was 213. Cluster random sampling was used to determine sampling, while data collection was in the form of test instruments. The test instrument questions were analyzed using the gain score and Kruskal-Walli’s test to determine the increase in historical concept skills and historical awareness with the help of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 26. The research results confirmed that digital history based PjBL was effective in increasing historical concept skills and historical awareness with a high score, making it the best choice to overcome obstacles in history learning.
This study aims to determine how using an active learning model based on the three higher education principles can improve students' active learning. Qualitative research methods were applied in this study, with data collection through interviews, literature study, and observation. The results showed that active learning based on the three higher education principles was included in the "good" or "acceptable" category. The application of this model can make this campus a place with a positive academic atmosphere that enhances and supports collaboration, discussion, and positive and critical thinking. The novelty of this research lies in the use of active learning with mini-research projects, which are developed based on university principles and embody it. The hope is that this can help solve problems in the student learning process at the State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The expected implication is that the university's policy supports applying the model to resolve learning problems and build real scientists for students.
Integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in teacher education is a means to support the teaching and learning process. Good teaching by utilizing technology certainly requires changes, especially in the realm of pedagogy, but teachers apparently do not have enough ability to optimize ICT in the learning process. In fact, ICT has the potential to provide various benefits for teachers and students, including joint learning areas, cooperative and collaborative learning opportunities. Therefore, this research aims to identify the use of mobile learning application (MLA) and its impact as a form of ICT integration in learning. The method used is literature study, by taking data from various relevant scientific articles and books. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis from the results of the synthesis of several literature reviews obtained. The research results show that a number of 10 main articles and 15 relevant supporting articles as well as several book sources show that mobile-based learning with smartphone devices is becoming a trend at various levels of education, both academic and vocational.
Incorporating ethnoscience into lessons through the ethnoscience-students’ worksheet (ESW) is one method to improve student interest in science learning while introducing them to the local culture. However, no research was reported the effects of ESW on students' responses and the factors that influence ESW implementation in science learning. In order to better understand how students learn through ESW, this study investigated the relationship between ethnoscience context, science learning, and the implementation of students’ worksheets. Seventy-two students participated in the survey after they studied ethnoscience learning through ESW. Students’ responses are more influenced by science learning. In addition, the ethnoscience-integrated students’ worksheets (SW) variable indirectly affects students’ responses. Additionally, ESW affects students' responses more significantly than science learning and ethnoscience. This research provides insightful implications for educators on planning, designing, and practicing ESW to enhance students’ problem-solving motivation and academic achievement. Furthermore, to contribute significantly to future researchers, further research employed the structural equation model through covariance analysis, also known as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
This research aimed to assess the readiness of Indonesian pre-service science teachers by examining their perceptions of impending challenges, desired competencies, and anticipated instructional methodologies in preparing for the challenges of Society 5.0. Using a quantitative survey research methodology, 884 pre-service science teachers from 16 universities were surveyed. The research instrument's validity and reliability were assessed utilizing the Rasch model. Inferential statistics were employed to assess the readiness of pre-service science teachers for future challenges, taking into account their backgrounds. The test outcomes showed the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient reached 0.92, is deemed "excellent", affirming the instrument's high reliability. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of teachers share a consistent perception of future challenges and recognize the importance of mastering 21st-century skills, particularly critical thinking, creative thinking, communication, and collaboration. However, respondents believe that the current learning process does not adequately train these skills. They expressed a desire for an alternative learning method that can enhance their skills while accommodating their diverse backgrounds, including place of residence, economic background, and technological proficiency. Further research is needed to identify alternative teaching methods that can effectively foster these abilities in diverse backgrounds.
The issue of psychological well-being in education has emerged as an increasingly critical topic in recent years. This is due to the significance of psychological well-being in enhancing the performance of e ducational institutions, encompassing students, teachers, and the process of formulating school policies. This study sought to discover recent research on psychological well-being from an academic perspective. A total of 27 research articles were successfully gathered and reviewed based on the established criteria. This article review was conducted utilizing two databases (SCOPUS and WoS) and the following keywords: "psychological well-being" combined with "AND" and other search terms such as "school", "teacher", and "student". This systematic review offers a synthesis of results that can serve as the initial step in developing constructs of psychological well-being in educational institutions, thus implying the importance of psychological well-being for teachers and students. The results of the analysis from this systematic literature review have been discussed and concluded in this study.
This study aims to investigate Indonesian senior high school teachers’ perceptions of using the first language (L1) when teaching English because Indonesian teachers tend to have negative perceptions toward the application of the L1, while the L1 is needed in a situation where Indonesian students have limited skills in English. The semi-structured interview was applied to collect data, while thematic analysis was used to analyse it. The result showed that the teachers have three different positions in perceiving the use of the L1: the virtual position, maximal, and optimal positions. Although they have different perceptions toward the application of the L1, a major insight can be concluded about the limited use of the L1 for specific reasons, such as considering teachers’ and students’ English abilities, learners’ needs, and the type and the difficulty of the given task or assignment. The L1 can be functioned as scaffolding in three aspects: when teaching grammar, vocabulary, and when giving instructions. Teachers may consider this study’s results as the information to use the L1 in classrooms. This may also be beneficial for Indonesian educational stakeholders and the government to specifically define what type of scaffolding that teachers can use the L1 to teach English.
The Smile project is an engineering service-learning initiative carried out through collaboration between Chouaib Doukkali University in Morocco and Pusan National University in South Korea. Since 2016, this project has been conducted annually for engineering students from both universities. Participants are selected through an oral interview, ensuring representation from different majors, years, and genders. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the project transitioned to an online mode starting from 2020. The objective of this article is to investigate the impact of the service-learning approach on learning and its potential for enhancing engineering education. This study aims to compare the face-to-face and online implementations of the Smileproject as examples of this educational approach. The analysis demonstrates a strong positive effect of engineering service-learning as a learning approach, leading to the improvement of engineering students' skills and competencies. Notably, there is minimal difference between the two implementation modes of this learning approach.
Assessment is an important component of learning which aims to determine student achievement in learning. However, the pandemic has changed how assessment is carried out, prompting teachers to look for new strategies in carrying out mathematics learning assessments under any conditions, whether in normal conditions or during a pandemic. This study described the strategies used by high school mathematics teachers in assessing mathematics learning during the pandemic towards the post-pandemic period. This type of research is descriptive exploratory research with a qualitative approach. The subjects in this study were three mathematics teachers, three principals, and three vice principals from a public senior high school in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Qualitative data were collected by means of questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively according to Bogdan and Biklen. The results of the study reveal that the mathematics teacher’s strategy for carrying out assessments during a pandemic includes: i) determining the appropriate online assessment platform that suits the needs; ii) assessment based on student participation; iii) using various of online assessment methods; iv) prioritizing academic integrity and honesty in the assessment implementation; and v) carry out the management and reporting of data on the results of the assessment in accordance with established procedures.
This study examined the role of technology integration and teachers' professional competence in developing 21st-century learning. Present studies show a significant gap between technology integration and teachers’ competency in developing 21st-century learning. This study highlights the pivotal roles of technology integration and teacher competence in modern education. In an era where technology has transformed teaching and learning, understanding the synergy between these two factors is crucial for educational advancements. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach. It seeks to understand the current state of technology integration and teacher competence by collecting data from in-service teachers within the English teacher's forum. The data collection methods encompass questionnaires and interviews to gain comprehensive insights into the subject matter. The research design of this study primarily relies on a descriptive approach, which involves the systematic collection and analysis of data to describe and understand the existing situation. The data-gathering process, through questionnaires and interviews, ensures a comprehensive exploration of the research questions. The results show that technology integration and teacher competency significantly influence the development of 21st-century learning.
Aware of the various issues involved in assessing learning, but also of the difficulties encountered in classroom practice of this pedagogical act, we set out in this article to explore and analyze the assessment practices of secondary school mathematics teachers and the conceptions they underlie. The study was conducted from a systemic perspective. We therefore targeted three aspects in our study: the conceptual, the institutional, and the docimological. Analysis of the attitudes declared by a random sample of mathematics teachers enabled us to confirm that pedagogical, and in particular cognitive, issues do not represent a priority for them in assessment practices. They focus more on the organizational aspect of examinations, with a remarkable lack of concern for docimological considerations to give credibility to the assessments carried out.
This study aimed to investigate decreasing student academic stress in distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, transition period, and new normal era by giving a self-help module to students. This research employed an experimental approach with a group pre-test post-test design with quantitative analytics. The perceived academic stress scale (PASS) and module evaluation scale were utilized to assess students' academic stress levels and their understanding of the module. The subjects consisted of one male student and thirty-seven female students, as the school was dominated by female students. This study indicated that students' academic stress levels during the pandemic and the new normal were in the medium range (18.82 - 19.97). The results showed that there was no significant difference in academic stress between the pandemic and the transition period (t = 1.322, p > 0.05) and the data between the pandemic and the new normal (t = -1.426, p > 0.05), while between the transition period and the new normal, it showed a significant difference (t = -4.189, p < 0.05). The study recommends that schools develop future guidance and counseling programs to help students cope with stress and build resilience. This study's findings can inform policy decisions and academic interventions to support students' mental health and academic success during challenging times.
The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of flipbook learning media, learning interest, and learning motivation on junior high school students' learning outcomes. The method used is the regression method with a quantitative approach. This research was conducted at Junior High School1 Yogyakarta with a sample of 64 class VIII social studies students. Data collection consists of interviews, observations, and documentation. Prerequisite test analysis consists of tests for normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. Hypothesis testing using simple regression, and multiple regression. The research results show that there is an influence: i) flipbook learning media on learning outcomes with a tcount of 73.33, a significance value of 0.000 < 0.005, ii) interest in learning on learning outcomes with a tcount of 33.678, a significance value of 0.000 < 0.005, iii) learning motivation on learning outcomes with a tcount of 30.678, a significance value of 0.000 < 0.005, and iv) flipbook learning media, learning interest, and learning motivation together on learning outcomes with Fcount 47.879 > Ftable 2.77 with a significance of 0.000 < 0.005. The conclusion is that the use of flipbook learning media, increasing interest in learning, and strengthening learning motivation can support each other to achieve optimal learning outcomes for students.
Hybrid project-based learning effectively develops academic writing skills in preparation for a gradual return to face-to-face instruction after a two-year pandemic triggered by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since this hybrid project-based learning initiative is a pioneering effort, it is essential to reflect on the program's successes and identify areas for improvement. This case study aims to explore the lecturers' and students' reflections on using hybrid project-based learning in academic writing courses. In-depth interviews and end-of-semester reflection were utilized to obtain data. Thematic analysis was conducted using the qualitative data analysis (QDA)miner lite software for data reduction. the findings revealed three prominent themes that emerged in this lecturers’ reflections: i) integrating varied learning modalities; ii) fostering critical thinking and involvement; and iii) improving competencies, as they were also crucial to boosting professional development. Meanwhile, students portray hybrid project-based learning as challenging and rewarding and fosters a sense of value and acceptability among students. This research has transformative implications for curriculum development and instructional practices in higher education, especially academic writing.
Intrapreneurship skill has considered as the alternative learning outcomes of entrepreneurship education. However, entrepreneurship teachers need a complex learning program to develop intrapreneurship among business students. At the same time, The Ministry of Education and Culture of The Republic of Indonesia recommends university teachers implement case methods to deliver complex learning environments and build critical skills among students. Therefore, this study aims to i) examine the effect of micro small medium enterprise (MSME) cases on the intrapreneurship of business students, ii) investigate the influence of MSME cases on flow experience in entrepreneurship education and iii) investigate the effect of flow experience during entrepreneurship education on intrapreneurship skill. We used field experiments on entrepreneurship and digital business student in business development courses. The result indicates that the case method effectively developed student intrapreneurship skill and flow experience during the course positively impacting student intrapreneurship skill.
Mathematical beliefs and metacognitive knowledge play significant roles in solving mathematical problems; thus, this study aims to investigate the influence of middle school students' beliefs on their metacognitive knowledge when solving geometry problems. This study utilizes both quantitative and qualitative research methods. A linear regression test was used to determine the effect of middle school students' beliefs on their metacognitive knowledge. The results of the quantitative research analysis were followed up with a qualitative research approach to describe the metacognitive knowledge of students who have high and low confidence in solving geometric problems. This research involved 352 middle school students in the Tarakan area. Based on the results of linear regression, it is known that the beliefs of middle school students have a positive effect on their metacognitive knowledge when solving geometric problems. In addition, it was found that students with different beliefs could solve a given geometry problem, but the approach to solving it varied among subjects. Middle school students have diverse beliefs, but these variations do not affect their capacity to apply their metacognitive knowledge at every stage
of solving mathematical problems.
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He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. ISSN: 2089-9823
EduLearn Vol. 12, No. 3, August 2018 : 501 – 509
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more independent as learners. Independence leads to ownership as students realize that they pursue their own
intellectual needs and discover a world of information at their fingertips [7].
Because of the need to learn how to learn, developing a repertoire of thinking processes to solve a
problem is a major goal of education, and metacognitive strategies will be critical ingredients to successful
learning. In addition, by using metacognitive strategies, students can truly learn. The hub of the school is an
ideal place to develop students’ metacognitive skills. The task of educators is to acknowledge, cultivate,
exploit, and enhance the metacognitive capabilities of all learners [2]. Thus, guidance in recognizing and
practice in applying metacognitive strategies should be executed by teachers of all content areas (subjects)
beginning with the primary years. It is also argued that metacognitive skills can be taught to students of all
ability levels. Spiegel and Barufaldi reported that training students on metacognitive strategies in reading and
making notes of graphic postorganizers during secondary school physics class could enhance recall and
retention as well as students’ achievement [8]. Koch concluded that the experimental group using the Koch-
Eckstein technique with metacognitive tasks achieved significantly higher scores on a test of reading-
comprehension of a physics text than those of the control group [9]. Based on these results, she strongly
recommended that the metacognitive technique is developed and applied in teaching reading comprehension
of texts as an effective self-monitoring device.
Reading comprehension of learning texts is a neglected area in curricula. Only few college
instructors explicitly teach strategies for monitoring learning. They assume that students have already learned
these strategies in high school. But many have not, and they are unaware of the metacognitive process and its
importance to learning. Rote learning is the usual and often the only learning strategy employed by high
school students when they enter college. Learning in the schools simply overemphasizes the acquisition of
subject matter. Based on a systematic analysis of 178 studies published in peer-reviewed journals in the
ERIC database, Zohar and Barzilai concluded that the development of learners’ metacognitive knowledge is
receiving less attention in science education. Furthermore, there are very few studies of teachers’ knowledge
and professional development regarding metacognition [1].
This paper proposes two practical models of metacognitive strategies for improving student reading
comprehension and ability to solve a word problem. In addition, it briefly describes the theory of
metacognition and how it differs from cognition and provides explicit instruction on the learning strategies to
develop student’s metacognitive skills.
2. METHOD AND RESULTS
To develop a practical model of implementing metacognitive strategies that can be used to increase
students’ ability to comprehend texts and find a solution of word physics problems, a initial review of the
theoretical perspectives and empirical background from the results of previous studies of metacognition was
conducted. Through a content analysis of the perspectives studies, a simple and practical strategy was
intended to be developed explicitly regarding applicability for students at the secondary school level. In
developing a model of metacognitive strategies for increasing students’ ability to comprehend texts, I used
the perspectives of Fogarty and Costa, which state that a good reader must (1) develop a plan before reading,
(2) monitor their understanding of the text, and (3) evaluate their thinking after reading. In developing a
model of metacognitive strategies for solving a word problem in physics, I modified the strategies proposed
by Dirkes: 1) connecting new information to former knowledge; 2) selecting thinking strategies deliberately,
and 3) planning, monitoring, and evaluating thinking processes.
A model of implementing strategies to increase students’ ability to comprehend texts and find
solutions to word problems developed in this paper is described as follows.
2.1. Metacognitive Strategies for Deeper Comprehending of Text
To increase students’ ability to comprehend texts, a teacher might model explicitly the learning
activities as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. A model of metacognitive strategies in reading text
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a. Planning
• Think about the text’s topic.
• Think about how text features can help in understanding the topic.
o Read the title, author, and table of contents.
o Study illustrations, photos, and graphics, including labels and captions
o Skim for boldfaced words, headings and subheadings, and summaries.
• Think about what they know, what connections they can make, and what questions they might want to be
answered.
• Think about the way the text might be organized. There are six types of text structures: (1) cause and
effect; (2) compare and contrast; (3) sequence of events; (4) problem and solution; (5) description; and
(6) a combination of these text structures.
b. Monitoring during Reading
Good readers take charge of their reading by monitoring their own comprehension. Do students
need direct instruction on how and why to do this, for instance by asking Do I understand what I just read?
Readers who take responsibility for their own comprehension constantly question the text and their reaction
to it. Other ways that readers monitor comprehension during reading are to:
• Make connections, predictions, or inferences.
• Use context clues and text features.
• Identify text structures.
• Use graphics organizers to pinpoint particular types of text information.
• Write comments or questions on self-stick notes or in the margins.
c. Evaluating
When students finish reading, students reflect on a reading strategy they used to determine whether
their plan worked or whether they should try something else next time. Generally, students are asked to
answer questions posed, relating answers to headings or subheadings.
2.2. Metacognitive Strategies for Solving a Word Problem of Physics
To improve students’ ability to solve a word problem, a teacher might model or guide students to
apply the learning strategies as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. A model of metacognitive strategies for solving word problems
Here is an example of word problems of physics:
A 90-m long train begins accelerating uniformly from rest. The front of the train passes a railway
worker, who is standing 200 m from where the front of the train starts at the speed of 25 m/s. What will be
the speed of the last train car as it passes the worker?
a. Strategy 1: Connecting new information to former knowledge
Teacher asks students:
Try to comprehend the problem by reading carefully to identify what basic concepts are involved.
(The teacher tries to cultivate students’ self-awareness.)
Intended answers:
1. Constant-accelerated motion
2. Train (particle) is in rest at the initialcondition
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Teacher asks students:
What is the initial information (our existing knowledge) that might be used to connect to the concept
(problem) we are facing?
Intended answers:
There are three basic formulas in uniform-accelerated motion.
b. Strategy 2: Selecting thinking strategies
Teacher asks students:
What are you supposed to do to find a correct solution? Keep silent for a moment while waiting for
students’ responses. If no response, the teacher should guide students to select the best strategies. To deeply
comprehend the problem and find the solution, we first sketch a free diagram, as follows:
c. Strategy 3: Planning and monitoring the thinking processes
Teacher guides students:
In this problem, we can separate the problem into two situations. In the first situation, the initial
speed is zero, the final speed is 25 m/s, and the distance is 200 m long. In the second situation, 25 m/s will be
the initial speed and the rest distance is 90 m long. We are asked to find the final speed. So we can make two
equations derived from the third equation above, namely:
1
2
2
1
2s
v
v
a o
−
= and
2
2
2
2
2s
v
v
a o
−
=
What about the value of 1
a and 2
a in the two equations above? Are they equal? Why? Explain your
answer. Yes, they have equal values. Then we will find:
)
90
(
2
)
25
(
)
200
(
2
)
0
(
)
25
( 2
2
2
2
m
v
m
−
=
−
Thus, the speed of the last train car as it passes the worker is 31.5 m/s.
d. Strategy 4: Evaluating the thinking processes and checking the result
Teacher asks students:
Is it the correct solution? Is it intelligible? Explain your answer.
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3. DISCUSSION
3.1. The Difference between Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategies
Nelson referred to metacognition as “the scientific study of an individual’s cognitions about his or
her own cognition.” Therefore, metacognition can be considered as a subset of cognition, or rather a certain
kind of cognition. Broadly defined, cognition is a general term for thinking, while metacognition is thinking
about thinking[10]. Cognitive strategies differ from metacognitive strategies. It is often difficult to
distinguish between what is metacognitive and what is cognitive. There is also much debate over what
metacognition is. There are at least two sources of confusion with these terms: the interchangeability of
cognitive and metacognitive strategies, and the widespread use of the term metacognition within the
psychological literature [11]. According to Weinert and Kluwe, a cognitive strategy is one designed simply to
get the individual to some cognitive goal or subgoal. A cognitive strategy for getting the sum of a list of
numbers would be to add them up. The goal is to find the sum, and so the numbers are added. In the same
situation, a metacognitive strategy might be to add the numbers a second time to be sure the answer is correct
[11]. Similarly, sometimes one reads things slowly simply to learn the contents (cognitive strategy); at other
times one reads through things quickly to get an idea of how difficult or easy it is going to be to learn the
content (metacognitive strategy).
Cognitive and metacognitive strategies may overlap. A strategy could be regarded as either
cognitive or metacognitive depending on the purpose of using the strategy. For example, you may use self-
questioning while reading as a means of obtaining knowledge (cognitive) or as a means of overseeing what
you have read. In short, one learns a cognitive strategy for making cognitive progress and a metacognitive
strategy for monitoring the cognitive progress [12]. In brief, cognitive strategies are used to help the
individual achieve a particular goal, while metacognitive strategies are used to ensure that the goal has been
reached or completed. Cognition is generally assumed to be thinking, a mental act by which knowledge is
acquired. By using a variety of cognitive strategies (processes of thinking), the objectives or goals of learning
tasks could be performed. Bloom’s taxonomy includes the six basic or essential categories of cognitive or
thinking skills: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Each of these
categories indicates the kind of behavior students are to perform as the objectives or goals of specific
learning tasks [13].
Metacognition is thinking about your thinking as you are thinking to improve your thinking.
Metacognitive strategies represent awareness and control of all the cognitive processes. Metacognition is
thinking about thinking, i.e., knowing “what we know” and “what we don’t know,” and is a process of
thinking management [14]. Dirkes argued that metacognitive strategies involve (1) connecting new
information to former knowledge; (2) selecting thinking strategies deliberately; and (3) planning, monitoring,
and evaluating thinking processes [15]. Winn and Synder stated that metacognition is an important conceptin
cognitive theory. It consists of two basic processes occurring simultaneously: monitoring your progress as
you learn, and making changes and adapting your strategies if you perceive you are not doing well [11].
Metacognitive skills include taking conscious control of learning, planning and selecting strategies,
monitoring the progress of learning, correcting errors, analyzing the effectiveness of learning strategies, and
changing learning behaviors and strategies when necessary [16]. Therefore, constructing understanding or
comprehension requires both cognitive and metacognitive strategies. Livington stated further that because
cognitive and metacognitive strategies are closely interlinked and dependent upon each other, any attempt to
examine one without acknowledging the other would not provide an adequate picture [12].
According to Flavell, a wide range of intellectual activities will be monitored by means of the
actions and interactions among four basic elements: a) metacognitive knowledge, b) metacognitive
experience, c) goals (or tasks), and d) actions (or strategies), as shown in Figure 3. Metacognitive knowledge
refers to one’s knowledge or beliefs about a person, task, and strategy variables. Flavell affirmed that
metacognitive knowledge is not essentially different from other kinds of knowledge in terms of long-term
memory. Metacognitive experiences are the segments of this stored, metacognitive knowledge that have
entered consciousness, that is, “any conscious cognitive or affective experiences that accompany and pertain
to any intellectual enterprise.” Metacognitive experiences are very likely to take place in circumstances that
require a great deal of careful, highly conscious thinking. Metacognitive knowledge can be added, deleted, or
revised through metacognitive experiences. The goals or tasks have to do with the actual objectives of a
cognitive endeavor. Finally, actions or strategies, as the names indicate, are techniques that may assist in
reaching those goals [17]. According to Flavell, it is viable to acquire metacognitive strategies and
cognitive ones.
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Figure 3. Flavell’s model of metacognition (Mahdavi, 2014, p.530)
As students develop, they rely increasingly on internal, self-regulatory skills. At the self-regulatory
level, individuals possess strong self-efficacy beliefs, as well as a repertoire of cognitive strategies, that
enable them to self-regulate their learning [18]. According to Zimmerman [19], self-regulated learning
consists of three main components: cognition, metacognition, and motivation. Each component is necessary
but not sufficient for self-regulation. For example, individuals who possess cognitive skills but are
unmotivated to use them do not achieve the same level of performance as individuals who possess skills and
are motivated to use them. Similarly, those who are motivated but do not possess the necessary cognitive and
metacognitive skills often fail to achieve high levels of self-regulation.
Some previous studies have concluded that students who receive teachers’ intervention will show
positive perceptions for metacognitive strategies and enhanced achievement in science [8, 9],[20]. Seraphin
et.al. confirmed that metacognitive strategies coupled with disciplinary inquiry have the potential to effect
change in the teaching of the scientific process and scientific thought, with the result that students become
better critical thinkers, strategic learners, and more scientifically literate [4].
3.2. Developing Students’ Metacognitive Skills
The 21st-century world is changing rapidly. It is unrealistic to expect students to have future literacy
about science, information, and technology if their education includes only facts and concepts relevant during
the school years. New situations and problems they face in their daily lives require appropriate and
satisfactory solutions. While life presents situations that cannot be solved by learned responses, the
metacognitive behavior is brought into play [17]. Metacognitive skills are needed when habitual responses
are not successful. Metacognitive skills will enable students to successfully cope with new situations [1, 15].
Experts in cognitive theory agree that metacognition, like everything else, undoubtedly improves
with practice or training. Simpson and Nist, in a review of the literature on strategic learning, emphasized
that instructors need to provide explicit instruction on the use of study strategies [11]. Abromitis argued that
teachers can raise the level of metacognitive thought in their classrooms by modeling the processes
themselves. Methods to encourage metacognitive thinking [7] include thinking aloud when solving the
problems, mirroring students’ ideas back to them or rephrasing them to include specific thinking words (such
as planning, strategy, steps to be taken, etc.), clarifying responses and questions, and having students include
how they solved the problems as a part of larger assignments.
Flavell, a pioneer in the field of metacognition, mentioned a number of experiences or activities that
might assist metacognitive development. First, experience may be supplied by parents. Parents may
unintentionally model metacognitive activity for their children, or they may deliberately demonstrate and
teach it, helping the child to regulate and monitor his/her actions. Second, teachers in schools may sometimes
model, as well as teach and encourage, metacognitive activity during the teaching of reading, writing,
mathematics, or other subjects. In the course of learning to read, the child gets practice in scrutinizing
messages in isolation from context and in evaluating the possible intended meanings and implications [21].
Modeling is an effective means of building self-regulatory and academic skills and raising self-efficacy[19].
Bond, etal. argued that “learning to read and reading to learn should develop together throughout the school
years”[22]. Writing allows one to critically inspect one’s own thoughts and also encourages the individual to
imagine the thoughts of others. Similarly, learning mathematics or any subject provides opportunities for
monitoring all sorts of activities. Palinscar, et.al. (in Weiner tand Kluwe) stated that during problem-solving
situations, teachers should think aloud so that students can follow demonstrated thinking processes. This
talking-about-thinking strategy is important because students need a thinking vocabulary. Modeling and
discussion develop the vocabulary students need for thinking and talking about their thinking. Labeling
thinking processes when students use them is also important for student recognition of thinking skills [21],
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[23]. Fogarty stated that modeling through think-aloud is the best way to teach all comprehension strategies.
By thinking aloud, teachers show students what they should do. Another useful strategy for problem-solving
situations is paired problem-solving. One student talks through a problem, describing his/her thinking
processes. His/her partner listens and asks questions to help clarify thinking. Similarly, in reciprocal teaching,
small groups of students take turns playing teacher, asking questions and clarifying and summarizing the
material being studied [2].
Good schools should be hotbeds of metacognition development. In school, children have repeated
opportunities to monitor and regulate their cognition, as they gradually pass from novice status to (semi-)
expert status[13]. Ertmer and Newby stated that novice learners don’t stop to evaluate their comprehension of
thematerial. They generally don’t examine the quality of their work or stop to make revisions as they go
along, and they are satisfied with just scratching the surface. They also don’t attempt to examine a problem in
depth. Novice learners don’t make connections or see the relevance of the material in their lives. In contrast,
expert learners are more aware than novices of when they need to check for errors, why they fail to
comprehend, and how they need to redirect their efforts. Taking reading as an example, we’ve all
experienced the phenomenon of reading a page or a whole chapter in a textbook and then realizing we
haven’t comprehendedanything. A novice learner would go on to the next page, thinking that merely reading
the words on a page is enough. An expert learner would re-read the page until the main concept is
understood, or flag a difficult passage to ask for clarification later from a teacher or peers [24]. Mitchell
recommended seven strategies to improve students’ metacognition skills in the classroom:
a. Teach students how their brains are wired for growth. Teaching kids about the science of
metacognition can be an empowering tool, helping students to understand how they can literally grow
their own brains.
b. Give students practice recognizing what they don't understand. The act of being confused and
identifying one's lack of understanding is an important part of developing self-awareness.
c. Provide opportunities to reflect on coursework. Higher-order thinking skills are fostered as students
learn to recognize their own cognitive growth.
d. Have students keep learning journals. One way to help students monitor their own thinking is through
the use of personal learning journals. Assign weekly questions that help students reflect on how rather
than what they learned. Encourage creative expression through whatever journal formats work best for
learners, including mind maps, blogs, wikis, diaries, lists, e-tools, etc.
e. Use a "wrapper" to increase students' monitoring skills. A "wrapper" is a short intervention (providing a
few tips) that surrounds an existing activity and integrates a metacognitive practice. When used often,
this activity not only increases learning but also improves metacognitive monitoring skills.
f. Consider essay vs. multiple-choice exams. While it is less time-consuming to grade multiple-choice
questions, even the addition of several short essay questions can improve the way students reflect on
their learning to prepare for test taking.
g. Facilitate reflexive thinking. Reflexivity is the metacognitive process of becoming aware of our
biases—prejudices that get in the way of healthy development. Teachers can create a classroom culture
for deeper learning and reflexivity by encouraging dialogue that challenges human and societal biases.
When students engage in conversations or write essays on biases and moral dilemmas related to politics,
wealth, racism, poverty, justice, liberty, etc., they learn to "think about their own thinking." They begin
to challenge their own biases and become more flexible and adaptive thinkers [5].
4. CONCLUSION
Metacognition can be considered as a subset of cognition, a certain kind of cognition.Stated briefly,
cognitive strategies are used to help individuals achieve a particular goal, while metacognitive strategies are
used to ensure that the goal has been reached or completed. In connection with the reading activity, for
gaining deeper textual comprehension students must; 1) develop a plan before reading, 2) monitor their
understanding of the text, and 3) evaluate their thinking after reading. Metacognitive strategies for solving a
word problem in physics involve; 1) connecting new information to former knowledge; 2) selecting thinking
strategies deliberately, and 3) planning, monitoring, and evaluating thinking processes. The teachers can raise
the level of metacognitive thought in their classrooms by modeling the strategies. Metacognitive strategies
have the potential to effect change in the teaching of the scientific process and scientific thought, with the
result that students become better critical thinkers, strategic learners, and more scientifically literate.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank my colleague, Drs. Luwandi, M.Pd, and Clinical Journal CAPA for his helpful
and meaningful feedback and revision of the manuscript.
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BIOGRAPHY OF AUTHOR
Tomo Djudin was born on June 3, 1963 at Simpang Empat, a village in Sambas District of West
Kalimantan. He was a lecturer of Physics Department of Education and Teacher Training
Faculty of Tanjungpura University of Pontianak since 1990 until now.
He graduated his higher educations and received degrees as follows;
1. Sarjana (Drs) in Mathematics Education from Tanjungpura University of Pontianak (1984)
2. Master of Education (M.Pd) in Science Education graduated from Teacher and Education
Institute (IKIP) of Bandung (1995)
3. Doctor (Dr) in Science Education graduated from Indonesia Education University (UPI) of
Bandung (2003)
He published some Physics supplementary books, conducted science educational researches, and
was a speaker on seminars of science education.