Intensive care nurses’ knowledge & practices regardingAlexander Decker
1. The study assessed the knowledge and practices of 77 intensive care unit nurses regarding infection control standard precautions at a cancer hospital in Egypt.
2. The results found that over 63% of nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge levels, though over 57% had satisfactory performance adhering to standard precautions.
3. There were negative correlations between knowledge/performance and age/experience, but positive correlations between knowledge and performance. The study concluded nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge despite satisfactory performance, and recommended continued education programs to update knowledge and adherence to best practices.
This document provides a case study analysis of an observational study on cervical cancer conducted in South Asia. The study aimed to identify what stages of cervical dysplasia would progress to cancer to help design cervical cancer screening guidelines. Over 1000 women participated over 12 years. However, midway another study found that all dysplasia requires treatment, and the researchers continued without treatment. Many women's cancers progressed or spread by the end without treatment provided. Questions are raised about ethics approval given facility limitations, informed consent without disclosing disease progression risk, and continuing the study after learning about treatment needs from another study.
Proposed Protocol for Improving Staff Nurses` Awareness and Self – Efficacy w...ijtsrd
The awareness and preparedness in managing Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV 2 Outbreak infection are most important to prevent the further spread. Aim This study aimed to propose a protocol for improving staff nurses` awareness and self – efficacy with Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV 2 Outbreak. Subjects and Method A descriptive design was utilized in this study that was conducted in the units of Critical Care and Emergency for adults surgery, medicine and pediatrics at El Sayed Galal and Ain Shams University Hospitals. A random sample was composed of 180 nurses with different ages, gender, education and experiences were recruited from the above mentioned settings. The study tools were 1 Self administered questionnaire sheet to assess nurses awareness about Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV 2 Outbreak. 2 General self efficacy scale. 3 Ways of Coping Questionnaire for Staff Nurses. 4 Competency obstacles assessment sheet. Results Mean age of studied nurses was 33.4±27.2 added to their awareness and self efficacy need for improvement. Moreover, there were many obstacles affecting their competency. Conclusion Overall, the current study concluded that nearly half of studied nurses had satisfactory awareness about Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV 2 and their role during the outbreak. Meanwhile, less than half of them had high self – efficacy and positive coping. In addition, majority of them had competency obstacles during their work on outbreak time. Recommendations Further research study should be done to implement and nvestigate the effect of this proposed protocol for such group of nurses. Lamiaa A. Elsayed | Soad M. Hegazy | Rania M. Abueldahab | Manal A. Ahmed | Salwa O. Elkhattab "Proposed Protocol for Improving Staff Nurses` Awareness and Self – Efficacy with Novel Coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 Outbreak" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31871.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/31871/proposed-protocol-for-improving-staff-nurses`-awareness-and-self-–-efficacy-with-novel-coronavirus-sarscov2-outbreak/lamiaa-a-elsayed
A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Cervical Cancer among Women in Sele...YogeshIJTSRD
Cervical cancer is a potentially preventable disease if appropriate screening and prophylactic strategies are employed. However, lack of knowledge and awareness can result in underutilization of the preventive strategies. Healthcare professionals with adequate knowledge play a huge role in influencing the beliefs and practices of the general public in a positive way. The aim of the study was to assess theKnowledge regarding Cervical Cancer among Women.An exploratory survey was conducted and a convenient sampling technique was used to select 30 samples. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from 30 women in the age group of 21 to 59 years and the data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings revealed that 26 86.7 of the women had inadequate knowledge regarding cervical cancer and 4 13.3 of them had moderate knowledge and none of the samples have adequate knowledge regarding cervical cancer and there is a association between level of knowledge regarding cervical cancer with educational status and there is no association of level of knowledge regarding cervical cancer with demographic variables such as age, type of family and occupational status at p 0.5 level. P. Umalakshmi "A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Cervical Cancer among Women in Selected Community Setting, Chennai" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41237.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/nursing/41237/a-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-regarding-cervical-cancer-among-women-in-selected-community-setting-chennai/p-umalakshmi
This document provides an outline of a lecture on principles and methods in oral epidemiology. It introduces key concepts such as measures of disease frequency like prevalence and incidence. It also discusses rates, proportions, odds, risks, ratios and differences. Additionally, it covers causality and criteria for determining causal relationships. Sources of bias in research are also mentioned.
This document discusses various measures used to quantify disease frequency in epidemiology. It describes measures of morbidity including incidence, prevalence, and disability rates. Incidence measures new cases over time while prevalence measures total current cases. Disability rates quantify limitations in activities. Measures of mortality are also presented, such as crude death rate, case fatality rate, and standardized mortality ratio. Standardization adjusts for differences in population characteristics to allow valid comparisons. Overall, the document provides an overview of key epidemiological metrics for quantifying disease burden and guiding public health efforts.
Cancer Magnitude in Elderly Indian Women, an Experience from Regional Cancer ...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
Cancer Magnitude in Elderly Indian Women, an Experience from Regional Cancer Centre, India by Ravi Kiran Pothamsetty in Open access journal of Gynecology
Intensive care nurses’ knowledge & practices regardingAlexander Decker
1. The study assessed the knowledge and practices of 77 intensive care unit nurses regarding infection control standard precautions at a cancer hospital in Egypt.
2. The results found that over 63% of nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge levels, though over 57% had satisfactory performance adhering to standard precautions.
3. There were negative correlations between knowledge/performance and age/experience, but positive correlations between knowledge and performance. The study concluded nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge despite satisfactory performance, and recommended continued education programs to update knowledge and adherence to best practices.
This document provides a case study analysis of an observational study on cervical cancer conducted in South Asia. The study aimed to identify what stages of cervical dysplasia would progress to cancer to help design cervical cancer screening guidelines. Over 1000 women participated over 12 years. However, midway another study found that all dysplasia requires treatment, and the researchers continued without treatment. Many women's cancers progressed or spread by the end without treatment provided. Questions are raised about ethics approval given facility limitations, informed consent without disclosing disease progression risk, and continuing the study after learning about treatment needs from another study.
Proposed Protocol for Improving Staff Nurses` Awareness and Self – Efficacy w...ijtsrd
The awareness and preparedness in managing Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV 2 Outbreak infection are most important to prevent the further spread. Aim This study aimed to propose a protocol for improving staff nurses` awareness and self – efficacy with Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV 2 Outbreak. Subjects and Method A descriptive design was utilized in this study that was conducted in the units of Critical Care and Emergency for adults surgery, medicine and pediatrics at El Sayed Galal and Ain Shams University Hospitals. A random sample was composed of 180 nurses with different ages, gender, education and experiences were recruited from the above mentioned settings. The study tools were 1 Self administered questionnaire sheet to assess nurses awareness about Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV 2 Outbreak. 2 General self efficacy scale. 3 Ways of Coping Questionnaire for Staff Nurses. 4 Competency obstacles assessment sheet. Results Mean age of studied nurses was 33.4±27.2 added to their awareness and self efficacy need for improvement. Moreover, there were many obstacles affecting their competency. Conclusion Overall, the current study concluded that nearly half of studied nurses had satisfactory awareness about Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV 2 and their role during the outbreak. Meanwhile, less than half of them had high self – efficacy and positive coping. In addition, majority of them had competency obstacles during their work on outbreak time. Recommendations Further research study should be done to implement and nvestigate the effect of this proposed protocol for such group of nurses. Lamiaa A. Elsayed | Soad M. Hegazy | Rania M. Abueldahab | Manal A. Ahmed | Salwa O. Elkhattab "Proposed Protocol for Improving Staff Nurses` Awareness and Self – Efficacy with Novel Coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 Outbreak" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31871.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/31871/proposed-protocol-for-improving-staff-nurses`-awareness-and-self-–-efficacy-with-novel-coronavirus-sarscov2-outbreak/lamiaa-a-elsayed
A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Cervical Cancer among Women in Sele...YogeshIJTSRD
Cervical cancer is a potentially preventable disease if appropriate screening and prophylactic strategies are employed. However, lack of knowledge and awareness can result in underutilization of the preventive strategies. Healthcare professionals with adequate knowledge play a huge role in influencing the beliefs and practices of the general public in a positive way. The aim of the study was to assess theKnowledge regarding Cervical Cancer among Women.An exploratory survey was conducted and a convenient sampling technique was used to select 30 samples. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from 30 women in the age group of 21 to 59 years and the data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings revealed that 26 86.7 of the women had inadequate knowledge regarding cervical cancer and 4 13.3 of them had moderate knowledge and none of the samples have adequate knowledge regarding cervical cancer and there is a association between level of knowledge regarding cervical cancer with educational status and there is no association of level of knowledge regarding cervical cancer with demographic variables such as age, type of family and occupational status at p 0.5 level. P. Umalakshmi "A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Cervical Cancer among Women in Selected Community Setting, Chennai" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41237.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/nursing/41237/a-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-regarding-cervical-cancer-among-women-in-selected-community-setting-chennai/p-umalakshmi
This document provides an outline of a lecture on principles and methods in oral epidemiology. It introduces key concepts such as measures of disease frequency like prevalence and incidence. It also discusses rates, proportions, odds, risks, ratios and differences. Additionally, it covers causality and criteria for determining causal relationships. Sources of bias in research are also mentioned.
This document discusses various measures used to quantify disease frequency in epidemiology. It describes measures of morbidity including incidence, prevalence, and disability rates. Incidence measures new cases over time while prevalence measures total current cases. Disability rates quantify limitations in activities. Measures of mortality are also presented, such as crude death rate, case fatality rate, and standardized mortality ratio. Standardization adjusts for differences in population characteristics to allow valid comparisons. Overall, the document provides an overview of key epidemiological metrics for quantifying disease burden and guiding public health efforts.
Cancer Magnitude in Elderly Indian Women, an Experience from Regional Cancer ...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
Cancer Magnitude in Elderly Indian Women, an Experience from Regional Cancer Centre, India by Ravi Kiran Pothamsetty in Open access journal of Gynecology
Survival Analysis of Determinants of Breast Cancer Patients at Hossana Queen ...Premier Publishers
Breast cancer is one of the most severe diseases in the world and become the public’s ever day’s agenda in both developed and developing countries. The primary goal of this study was to identify the determinants of survival time of breast cancer patients at Hossana hospital, south Ethiopia. Kaplan-Meier estimation method and a new two-parameter probability distribution called hypertabastic are introduced to model the survival time of the data. A simulation study was carried out to evaluate the performance of the hypertabastic distribution in comparison with popular distribution with the help of R and SAS statistical software Packages. One-fourth (25%) of the total patients survived for only 2 days. 31(35.2%) were censored, and 55(62.5%) were died. Hypertabastic survival model was found to be best fitting to the breast cancer data and age, level of education, family history, breast problem before, High fat diet, child late age, early menarche, late menopause were significant risk factors for the death of breast cancer patients. Awareness has to be given for the society on causes of breast cancer and screening test and early detection policies for most risky groups has to be established.
Precision Prevention: Let's Avoid Exacerbating Cancer DisparitiesGraham Colditz
The document discusses how a focus on precision medicine could exacerbate health disparities if certain populations are not adequately represented in research. It emphasizes the importance of continuing research on established cancer prevention strategies like screening and vaccination to ensure equitable access. The speaker argues researchers should avoid creating new disparities through an overly narrow focus on "incremental precision" and should consider individual variability in genes, environment, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors when developing prevention approaches.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of female physicians in Saudi Arabia regarding cervical cancer screening and the HPV vaccine. A survey of 200 physicians found that specialists like OBGYNs had better knowledge about HPV's role in cervical cancer and screening methods like the Pap smear test. While nearly half knew about the HPV vaccine, providing information increased the number willing to recommend it to patients. The conclusion is that continued education for physicians in Saudi Arabia could benefit prevention of HPV and cervical cancer.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among...Tariq Mohammed
This document summarizes a study on knowledge and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among female physicians in western Saudi Arabia. The study found that while most physicians were aware of HPV as a cause of cervical cancer and the Pap test as a screening method, awareness of the HPV vaccine was lower. Physicians specializing in gynecology demonstrated greater knowledge of cervical cancer screening and treatment compared to other specialists. The study concluded that further education for physicians in Saudi Arabia on available screening and HPV prevention could benefit cervical cancer reduction efforts.
Comparison of Ultrabio HIV DNA PCR and Gag Real-Time PCR Assays for Total Hiv...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Comparison of Ultrabio HIV DNA PCR and Gag Real-Time PCR Assays for Total Hiv-1 DNA Quantification by Tuofu Zhu in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Epidemiology is the study of patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in populations. It informs public health policy and evidence-based medicine by identifying risk factors and targets for prevention. Epidemiologists help with study design, data collection and analysis, and dissemination of results. Major areas of study include disease etiology, outbreak investigation, disease surveillance, and treatment comparisons in clinical trials. The document then discusses the roles and responsibilities of epidemiologists at the Bureau of Epidemiology in conducting disease surveillance, outbreak investigations, occupational health monitoring, and publishing health reports and data analyses to guide public health efforts.
The utility-visual-inspection-with-acetic-acid-cervical-cancer-screening-ecoa...Amarlasreeja
Cervical cancer is potentially preventable but still remains a leading cause of cancer mortality in in developing countries like Nigeria. Cytology-based screening programmers are difficult to maintain in these countries.
Dr. Nisrin Anfinan discusses challenges related to cervical cancer in Saudi Arabia. The incidence of cervical cancer in Saudi Arabia is very low at 1.9 cases per 100,000 women, accounting for only 2.6% of cancers in women. However, challenges exist in understanding the prevalence of HPV infections and abnormal pap smears in the population. Implementing an effective screening program will also be difficult without understanding sexual practices and managing sexually transmitted infections. Determining the most appropriate screening method and triaging patients will also be challenges.
This document provides a situation analysis of HIV/AIDS understanding among staff of the African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) and Tanzania Land Conservation Trust (TLCT) in Arusha, Tanzania. Data was collected through questionnaires with 32 staff and 3 focus group discussions. Key findings include: HIV/AIDS understanding was lower among TLCT staff compared to AWF staff; knowledge of stigma was low for both but cultural beliefs influenced perceptions more for TLCT staff; the HIV/AIDS workplace policy at AWF was known by some senior staff but not support staff. Recommendations focus on continuing education, voluntary counseling and testing, integrating HIV/AIDS into conservation work, reviewing policies, and establishing staff savings programs.
Shared innovations in measurement and evaluationbikandob
This document summarizes the goals and abstracts submitted to the "Global Health Metrics & Evaluation: Controversies, Innovation, Accountability" conference. Key points:
1) The conference aims to bring together different disciplines involved in global health measurement and evaluation to share knowledge and innovations.
2) Over 400 abstracts were submitted from many countries covering topics like non-communicable diseases, malaria, and health inequalities.
3) The selected abstracts illustrate the diversity of work, including new tools for priority setting, emerging evaluation methods, and approaches to measuring outcomes like maternal mortality.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward Cervical Cancer and Cervical Cancer S...ijtsrd
BACKGROUND Invasive Cervical Cancer ICC has been identified as the second most common cause of morbidity and mortality compared to other cancers among women in Cameroon. Cervical cancer can be treated e ectively if diagnosed early. Less than half the number of participants presented with good practice.The correlation between participants’ knowledge, attitude and practice showed that there was a significant association which therefore provides sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis. The result obtained in this study indicates how useful it will be to establish health education programs to increase women’s awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer. Fongang Che Landis | Enow-Orock George | Njajou Omer | Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward Cervical Cancer and Cervical Cancer Screening and Its Associated Factors among Women in the City of Bamenda, Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43667.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/other/43667/knowledge-attitude-and-practice-toward-cervical-cancer-and-cervical-cancer-screening-and-its-associated-factors-among-women-in-the-city-of-bamenda-cameroon/fongang-che-landis
5th Annual Early Age Onset Colorectal Cancer Summit - Session II: Family History Ascertainment in the US - What Steps are Needed to Improve the Well Documented Less Than Optimal Status of this Situation?
This was a prospective cross sectional hospital based study included 117 patients with a definitive history of snake bite and clinical features consistent with the pres¬ence of fang marks at the emergency department, Gadarif Hospital, Eastern Sudan from 1st January 2015 to 1st January 2016 to identify the epidemiological factors of snake bite. The majority of these 117 patients were adult (86.3%) and male gender constituted 85.4%. Most of the patients were of rural residence (65.8%) and were involved in farming related activities (68.3%). A relatively high proportion of snake bite episodes happened in the afternoon times (53.9%) and half of the cases were reported during August (18%) and November. (12.8%). Lower limbs were involved in maximum number of the cases (83.7%). The reported systemic reaction included: swelling (100%), sweating (100%), hypotension (54.7%), nausea (51.%), vomiting (47.8%), local bleeding (13.6%), hymoptysis (1.7%) and neurotoxic symptoms (0.8%). In this study, there were ten (8.5%) deaths; 7 had grade 3 and the other three patients had grade 4 envenomation. In conclusion Snake bites is a real medical threat in Eastern Sudan; thus, it is very important to educate the native people to increase awareness about the risk of snake bites in particular among male, farmers and during the period from August to November.
The document summarizes the use of electronic health records (EHRs) for syndromic surveillance, using the example of Zika virus. It discusses how EHRs can help improve reporting of outbreaks by recording patient information. While EHRs provide advantages like improved reporting efficiency and criterion validity of data, they also have limitations like the need for diagnostic and demographic accuracy. The document reviews literature on different surveillance systems and their use in various healthcare settings. It concludes by discussing opportunities for further research, such as including new diseases in surveillance systems and improving collaboration between public and private health sectors.
Francesca Torriani, M.D., of UC San Diego Owen Clinicm, presents "Update on International CFAR Grant on Tuberculosis and HIV Screening in Healthcare Workers at Maputo Central Hospital in Mozambique" at AIDS Clinical Rounds
The document describes the Global Research Analytics for Population Health (GRAPH) initiative, which aims to develop universal primary prevention packages for each of the World Health Organization regions. The initiative involves a systematic review of existing peer-reviewed research on primary prevention interventions for the top 10 causes of mortality in each region. Interventions are evaluated for methodological quality and compiled into 21 proposed primary prevention packages, with the goal of providing evidence-based recommendations for population-wide disease prevention globally.
Attitudes, knowledge, and practices in relation to cervicalTariq Mohammed
This document summarizes a study that assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to cervical cancer screening among women in Saudi Arabia. 500 women completed questionnaires. The study found:
1) 67.6% of women were aware of Pap smear screening but only 16.8% had ever had the test, with the main reason being lack of awareness.
2) Knowledge of HPV as a cause of cervical cancer was reported by 14.4% of women and awareness of the HPV vaccine was 9.8%.
3) After receiving an educational pamphlet, 58.4% of women expressed willingness to get screened and 76.2% supported introducing the HPV vaccine, indicating awareness needs to be improved.
Periodontitis among adult populations in the arab world idj12002Axex Dental
Periodontitis is an important oral health issue globally and is prevalent in many developing countries, including those in the Arab World. However, there is a lack of recent and representative data on the prevalence of periodontitis among adult populations in the Arab countries. The few existing studies report a wide range of periodontitis prevalence, from 0% to 54.6%, depending on the measurement methods and case definitions used. Standardizing data collection and reporting methods would help develop more accurate understandings of periodontitis burden and inform public health programs for the region.
1) Infectious diseases pose risks to healthcare workers, as evidenced by past outbreaks like SARS, Ebola, and seasonal influenza. During the 2013-2015 Ebola outbreak, over 20,000 cases and 11,000 deaths occurred, and healthcare workers were over 20 times more likely to be infected.
2) The SARS outbreak of 2002-2003 highlighted these risks. Attack rates for SARS among healthcare workers ranged from 1-35% depending on their role and exposure. Proximity to infected patients, aerosol-generating procedures, and lack of proper personal protective equipment increased risk.
3) General infection control principles like isolation, quarantine, hand hygiene, and use of masks and other
Magnitude of neonatal near miss and associated factors among neonates born in public hospitals in Harari region, eastern Ethiopia.
The study assessed the magnitude of neonatal near miss (NNM) and associated factors among neonates born in two public hospitals over 2 months. The overall NNM was 31.42%, higher than some previous Ethiopian studies. Key factors associated with increased odds of NNM included mothers being referred from other facilities, primiparity, lack of antenatal care, antepartum hemorrhage, obstructed labor, premature rupture of membranes, and non-vertex fetal presentation. The findings can help improve neonatal care and outcomes in the region by addressing delays in care-seeking and quality of referral
2.4 Outbreak investigation methods and application.pptRehmat18
This document discusses methods for investigating outbreaks in healthcare settings. It begins by outlining the objectives and providing definitions for key terms. The document then describes the steps involved in outbreak investigation, including recognizing a potential outbreak, confirming its presence, alerting stakeholders, establishing a case definition, identifying cases, implementing initial control measures, and additional follow-up steps. Checklists are also provided for investigating surgical site infections and cleaning high-touch surfaces in patient rooms. The overall document serves as a guide for investigating and managing outbreaks in healthcare facilities.
Survival Analysis of Determinants of Breast Cancer Patients at Hossana Queen ...Premier Publishers
Breast cancer is one of the most severe diseases in the world and become the public’s ever day’s agenda in both developed and developing countries. The primary goal of this study was to identify the determinants of survival time of breast cancer patients at Hossana hospital, south Ethiopia. Kaplan-Meier estimation method and a new two-parameter probability distribution called hypertabastic are introduced to model the survival time of the data. A simulation study was carried out to evaluate the performance of the hypertabastic distribution in comparison with popular distribution with the help of R and SAS statistical software Packages. One-fourth (25%) of the total patients survived for only 2 days. 31(35.2%) were censored, and 55(62.5%) were died. Hypertabastic survival model was found to be best fitting to the breast cancer data and age, level of education, family history, breast problem before, High fat diet, child late age, early menarche, late menopause were significant risk factors for the death of breast cancer patients. Awareness has to be given for the society on causes of breast cancer and screening test and early detection policies for most risky groups has to be established.
Precision Prevention: Let's Avoid Exacerbating Cancer DisparitiesGraham Colditz
The document discusses how a focus on precision medicine could exacerbate health disparities if certain populations are not adequately represented in research. It emphasizes the importance of continuing research on established cancer prevention strategies like screening and vaccination to ensure equitable access. The speaker argues researchers should avoid creating new disparities through an overly narrow focus on "incremental precision" and should consider individual variability in genes, environment, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors when developing prevention approaches.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of female physicians in Saudi Arabia regarding cervical cancer screening and the HPV vaccine. A survey of 200 physicians found that specialists like OBGYNs had better knowledge about HPV's role in cervical cancer and screening methods like the Pap smear test. While nearly half knew about the HPV vaccine, providing information increased the number willing to recommend it to patients. The conclusion is that continued education for physicians in Saudi Arabia could benefit prevention of HPV and cervical cancer.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among...Tariq Mohammed
This document summarizes a study on knowledge and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among female physicians in western Saudi Arabia. The study found that while most physicians were aware of HPV as a cause of cervical cancer and the Pap test as a screening method, awareness of the HPV vaccine was lower. Physicians specializing in gynecology demonstrated greater knowledge of cervical cancer screening and treatment compared to other specialists. The study concluded that further education for physicians in Saudi Arabia on available screening and HPV prevention could benefit cervical cancer reduction efforts.
Comparison of Ultrabio HIV DNA PCR and Gag Real-Time PCR Assays for Total Hiv...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Comparison of Ultrabio HIV DNA PCR and Gag Real-Time PCR Assays for Total Hiv-1 DNA Quantification by Tuofu Zhu in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Epidemiology is the study of patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in populations. It informs public health policy and evidence-based medicine by identifying risk factors and targets for prevention. Epidemiologists help with study design, data collection and analysis, and dissemination of results. Major areas of study include disease etiology, outbreak investigation, disease surveillance, and treatment comparisons in clinical trials. The document then discusses the roles and responsibilities of epidemiologists at the Bureau of Epidemiology in conducting disease surveillance, outbreak investigations, occupational health monitoring, and publishing health reports and data analyses to guide public health efforts.
The utility-visual-inspection-with-acetic-acid-cervical-cancer-screening-ecoa...Amarlasreeja
Cervical cancer is potentially preventable but still remains a leading cause of cancer mortality in in developing countries like Nigeria. Cytology-based screening programmers are difficult to maintain in these countries.
Dr. Nisrin Anfinan discusses challenges related to cervical cancer in Saudi Arabia. The incidence of cervical cancer in Saudi Arabia is very low at 1.9 cases per 100,000 women, accounting for only 2.6% of cancers in women. However, challenges exist in understanding the prevalence of HPV infections and abnormal pap smears in the population. Implementing an effective screening program will also be difficult without understanding sexual practices and managing sexually transmitted infections. Determining the most appropriate screening method and triaging patients will also be challenges.
This document provides a situation analysis of HIV/AIDS understanding among staff of the African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) and Tanzania Land Conservation Trust (TLCT) in Arusha, Tanzania. Data was collected through questionnaires with 32 staff and 3 focus group discussions. Key findings include: HIV/AIDS understanding was lower among TLCT staff compared to AWF staff; knowledge of stigma was low for both but cultural beliefs influenced perceptions more for TLCT staff; the HIV/AIDS workplace policy at AWF was known by some senior staff but not support staff. Recommendations focus on continuing education, voluntary counseling and testing, integrating HIV/AIDS into conservation work, reviewing policies, and establishing staff savings programs.
Shared innovations in measurement and evaluationbikandob
This document summarizes the goals and abstracts submitted to the "Global Health Metrics & Evaluation: Controversies, Innovation, Accountability" conference. Key points:
1) The conference aims to bring together different disciplines involved in global health measurement and evaluation to share knowledge and innovations.
2) Over 400 abstracts were submitted from many countries covering topics like non-communicable diseases, malaria, and health inequalities.
3) The selected abstracts illustrate the diversity of work, including new tools for priority setting, emerging evaluation methods, and approaches to measuring outcomes like maternal mortality.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward Cervical Cancer and Cervical Cancer S...ijtsrd
BACKGROUND Invasive Cervical Cancer ICC has been identified as the second most common cause of morbidity and mortality compared to other cancers among women in Cameroon. Cervical cancer can be treated e ectively if diagnosed early. Less than half the number of participants presented with good practice.The correlation between participants’ knowledge, attitude and practice showed that there was a significant association which therefore provides sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis. The result obtained in this study indicates how useful it will be to establish health education programs to increase women’s awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer. Fongang Che Landis | Enow-Orock George | Njajou Omer | Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward Cervical Cancer and Cervical Cancer Screening and Its Associated Factors among Women in the City of Bamenda, Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43667.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/other/43667/knowledge-attitude-and-practice-toward-cervical-cancer-and-cervical-cancer-screening-and-its-associated-factors-among-women-in-the-city-of-bamenda-cameroon/fongang-che-landis
5th Annual Early Age Onset Colorectal Cancer Summit - Session II: Family History Ascertainment in the US - What Steps are Needed to Improve the Well Documented Less Than Optimal Status of this Situation?
This was a prospective cross sectional hospital based study included 117 patients with a definitive history of snake bite and clinical features consistent with the pres¬ence of fang marks at the emergency department, Gadarif Hospital, Eastern Sudan from 1st January 2015 to 1st January 2016 to identify the epidemiological factors of snake bite. The majority of these 117 patients were adult (86.3%) and male gender constituted 85.4%. Most of the patients were of rural residence (65.8%) and were involved in farming related activities (68.3%). A relatively high proportion of snake bite episodes happened in the afternoon times (53.9%) and half of the cases were reported during August (18%) and November. (12.8%). Lower limbs were involved in maximum number of the cases (83.7%). The reported systemic reaction included: swelling (100%), sweating (100%), hypotension (54.7%), nausea (51.%), vomiting (47.8%), local bleeding (13.6%), hymoptysis (1.7%) and neurotoxic symptoms (0.8%). In this study, there were ten (8.5%) deaths; 7 had grade 3 and the other three patients had grade 4 envenomation. In conclusion Snake bites is a real medical threat in Eastern Sudan; thus, it is very important to educate the native people to increase awareness about the risk of snake bites in particular among male, farmers and during the period from August to November.
The document summarizes the use of electronic health records (EHRs) for syndromic surveillance, using the example of Zika virus. It discusses how EHRs can help improve reporting of outbreaks by recording patient information. While EHRs provide advantages like improved reporting efficiency and criterion validity of data, they also have limitations like the need for diagnostic and demographic accuracy. The document reviews literature on different surveillance systems and their use in various healthcare settings. It concludes by discussing opportunities for further research, such as including new diseases in surveillance systems and improving collaboration between public and private health sectors.
Francesca Torriani, M.D., of UC San Diego Owen Clinicm, presents "Update on International CFAR Grant on Tuberculosis and HIV Screening in Healthcare Workers at Maputo Central Hospital in Mozambique" at AIDS Clinical Rounds
The document describes the Global Research Analytics for Population Health (GRAPH) initiative, which aims to develop universal primary prevention packages for each of the World Health Organization regions. The initiative involves a systematic review of existing peer-reviewed research on primary prevention interventions for the top 10 causes of mortality in each region. Interventions are evaluated for methodological quality and compiled into 21 proposed primary prevention packages, with the goal of providing evidence-based recommendations for population-wide disease prevention globally.
Attitudes, knowledge, and practices in relation to cervicalTariq Mohammed
This document summarizes a study that assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to cervical cancer screening among women in Saudi Arabia. 500 women completed questionnaires. The study found:
1) 67.6% of women were aware of Pap smear screening but only 16.8% had ever had the test, with the main reason being lack of awareness.
2) Knowledge of HPV as a cause of cervical cancer was reported by 14.4% of women and awareness of the HPV vaccine was 9.8%.
3) After receiving an educational pamphlet, 58.4% of women expressed willingness to get screened and 76.2% supported introducing the HPV vaccine, indicating awareness needs to be improved.
Periodontitis among adult populations in the arab world idj12002Axex Dental
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Preparedness of healthcare systems for Ebola outbreak response in Kaseses and Rubirizi districs, Western Uganda.
1. Preparedness of Health Care Systems forPreparedness of Health Care Systems for
Ebola Outbreak in Kasese and RubiriziEbola Outbreak in Kasese and Rubirizi
Districts, Western UgandaDistricts, Western Uganda
Kibuule Michael
Makerere University College of Health Sciences-
school of Public Health
2. Background and IntroductionBackground and Introduction
Ebola virus disease constitutes the biggest public health problem
worldwide and has occurred with increased frequency in the
last five years
First insolated 1976 in Sub Saharan Africa. (W H O, 2014)
First incidence of EVD in Uganda happened in Gulu district
Aug/2000- to- 01/2001, CFR of 80% (Lamunu, et al., 2004)
Preparedness is Knowledge and other capacities developed by
individuals, communities, governments, professional response and
recovery organizations (UNISDR, 2009)
Preparedness level of health care systems determine magnitude and
impact of EVD outbreak (WHO, 2014)
2
3. Literature ReviewLiterature Review
Health care system preparedness is optimal when it meets;
Infrastructural-triage space,
Rapid response teams,
EVD committees,
Isolation units,
Surveillance systems,
Case definition,
Knowledgeable of health workers,
Plus logistics
Ebola virus belongs to the Filoviridae family, Species are;
Bundibugyo, Côte d’Ivoire, Reston, Sudan, and Zaire (WHO, 2014
Incubation period of EVD is 2–21 days, and it presents with early
and late stages
Known risk factors for EVD outbreak- Behavioral, Cultural, and
institutional, Physical contact and Poor Hand Hygiene
3
5. ObjectivesObjectives
General Objective
To assess preparedness of health care system for Ebola
outbreak response in Kasese and Rubirizi districts
Specific Objectives
To establish preparedness level of District Health Infrastructure to
respond to EVD outbreak
To determine logistical preparedness of health facilities to manage a
suspected incident of Ebola disease case in Kasese and Rubirizi
districts
To establish health care workers’ level of knowledge on
preparedness for containment of Ebola disease outbreak in Kasese
and Rubirizi districts
To determine overall level of preparedness for EVD outbreak and
response in Kasese and Rubirizi districts 6
6. MethodologyMethodology
Study Site and PopulationStudy Site and Population
Study population/Units
All Hospital level facilities, all H/CIV level facilities, selected
H/CIII facilities in Kasese district.
Doctors, Medical Clinical Officers, Nurses, laboratory technicians,
midwives and Nursing assistants 7
7. MethodologyMethodology
Study Design and Sampling ProceduresStudy Design and Sampling Procedures
Cross-sectional study with mixed methods
All hospitals and H/CIVs in both districts were
purposively selected
Fifty percent H/CIIIs in each district were randomly
selected using a ballot papers
List of H/CIIIs was obtained, ballot papers with their
names written, then randomly selected until desired
number was obtained
Number of HCWs selected using simple random
sampling
8
8. Data collection toolsData collection tools
Category of
respondents
Data collection instruments Tool
DHTs, DDMCs Key informants KI guide
Departmental heads/In-
charges
FGDs FGD guide
Health care workers Structured questionnaires Questionnaire
Facility In-charges,
hospital Administrators
Facility checklists Checklist
9
9. Data Management & AnalysisData Management & Analysis
Data was cleaned and triangulated before entry
Data entry was done from structured questionnaire
using Epi-data
Data was then analyzed with STATA (Version.14)
Level of infrastructure preparedness was measured on a
14-point scale
All “Yes” responses scored 1 and the “No” responses
score 0
10
10. Data Analysis cont’Data Analysis cont’
Knowledge, a bivariate analysis was carried out using
2x2 table analysis
Social demographic characteristics as independent
variable
Independent covariates were regressed on level of
knowledge using equation of a straight line in
multivariate logistic regression
Level of knowledge as a dependent variable
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio was used to assess
the level of association at 0.05 significance level 13
11. Analysis cont’Analysis cont’
Qualitative analysis.
Researcher read through transcripts several times
Drew categories and clustered data among themes
Themed the categories as;-“Knowledge”, “logistics”,
“Capacity”
Summarized and displayed quotes
In-depth reading and creating meaning from data was
done
Researcher then developed conclusions from data
14
12. Factor Level
Kasese
(n=148)
Rubirizi
(n=39) p-value
N (% )148 (%)39
Gender Female 55.4%(82) 56.4%(22) 0.91
Male 44.6%(66) 43.6%(17)
Age 20-30 51.0%(75) 58.3%(21) 0.73
31-40 28.6%(42) 25.0%(9)
41 and above 20.4%(30) 16.7%(6)
Religion Catholic 29.3%(43) 51.3%(20) 0.011
Muslim 4.1%(6) 2.6%(1)
Pentecostal 0.0%(0) 2.6%(1)
Pentecostal Baptist 2.7%(4) 0.0%(0)
Protestant 54.4%(80) 28.2%(11)
Seventh day Adventist 9.5%(14) 15.4%(6)
Education level Primary level 1.4%(2) 2.6%(1) 0.72
Secondary level 6.1%(9) 2.6%(1)
Tertiary level 83.0%(122) 82.1%(32)
University 9.5%(14) 12.8%(5)
Job designation Senior Medical officer 0.0%(0) 3.2%(1) 0.097
Medical officer 4.2%(5) 0.0%(0)
Senior medical clinical officer 20.2%(24) 12.9%(4)
Senior nursing officer 3.4%(4) 3.2%(1)
Enrolled registered midwife 37.1%(56) 67.7%(21)
lab technologist 16.8%(20) 12.9%(4)
other 8.4%(10) 0.0%(0)
Nature of employment Permanent 50.3%(74) 82.1%(32) <0.001
Temporary 43.5%(64) 12.8%(5)
Volunteer 6.1%(9) 2.6%(1)
others 0.0%(0) 2.6%(1) 16
Demographic of Health Care Workers in Kasese and Rubirizi
Districts
15. DiscussionDiscussion
Infrastructure Preparedness
Majority of HFs were not prepared infrastructure
Infrastructure assessment for PHC concluded that there were
deficiencies in infrastructure of decentralized health systems (Scholz,
et al., 2015)
Lower health facilities such as H/C IVs, IIIs missed a robust
infrastructure system
Polgreen, et al.,Concluded that small health facilities especially
those with less than 200 beds are always less prepared compared to
the bigger facilities
19
16. Discussion Cont’Discussion Cont’
Logistics preparedness cont’
PPEs weren’t observed at Health facilities implying that in case of suspected
index EVD case
Even taking highly pathogenic specimen from suspect will either take long to
be done, or person taking it will have to remove specimen without PPEs hence
making him/her ransom for a failed system
Health care workers’ knowledge level on EVD
There is low knowledge level about EVD among Health workers
In a related KAP in Nigeria, found that most health care workers had
inappropriate knowledge about EVD (Oluwookere, et al., 2015)
Very few health care workers knew that contact with clothes and beddings of
symptomatic EVD patients would be a direct mode of EVD transmission
Precautionary measures are suboptimal
22
17. ConclusionConclusion
Infrastructural preparedness
The infrastructure is system is not prepared for any Ebola outbreak
response
Logistical capacity
Health care system is not logistically prepared for outbreak
response
Level of knowledge on Ebola etiology, control and prevention
Health care workers are not prepared in terms of knowledge for
Ebola identification, detection and thence outbreak response
Overall preparedness
Overall health care system of both districts is not prepared given
that all dimensions assessed were below cut offs.
23
18. RecommandationsRecommandations
Infrastructure
MoH should solicit resources and print and disseminate case definition
books, SOPs, and IEC materials and fact sheets about EVD disease to
health care workers
National stakeholders and District level should organize a multi-sectoral
approach simulation training exercise to appreciate need to be on alert at
all-times
Logistics and supply chain management
Critical logistics like; PPEs, triple package carriers for highly
pathogenic specimens and clear transportation mechanism should be
availed at all times
Knowledge on EVD etiology, prevention and control
Training should be tailored to address concerns of infection prevention
and control
Ebola biology, etiology, epidemiology and pathogenesis should be
designed for both in-service health workers and those in schools 24
19. AcknowledgementAcknowledgement
My lecturers at MUSPH
Supervisors; Mr. Abdullah Ali Halage
Dr. Sekimpi Deogratious, Dr. Innocent
Rwego
International Development Research
Centre(IDRC)-through One Health for East
and Central Africa(OHCEA)
OHCEA team
Health Care Workers in Kasese and Rubirizi25