This document discusses physiological changes during pregnancy and objectives of prenatal care. It covers changes to major body systems as well as signs and symptoms of pregnancy. Prenatal care aims to discuss pregnancy and fetal well-being, complications, and involves regular checkups with physical exams, lab tests, ultrasound and other screening tests to monitor maternal and fetal health. The goal is healthy adaptation to the psychological, physical and developmental tasks of pregnancy.
The document discusses postpartum adaptations and provides information on:
1. Common postpartum changes such as uterine involution, lochia, perineal changes, and cardiovascular, urinary, and lactation adaptations.
2. Cultural influences and psychosocial factors like attachment, maternal role development, and postpartum mood disorders.
3. Nursing assessments and priorities for postpartum care including physical assessments, teaching self-care, and monitoring for complications like hemorrhage and infection.
Mariadelmar Grajales
Compu-med Vocational Careers
Blue-Print Unit exam 2
Exam 2 Blue Print COMPLETE
Bladder Hypotonia
Abdominal diastasis
After pains
Vaginal recovery:
· normal/abnormal findings
Cesarean recovery
· Risks, interventions, medications, education
Early maternal assessment (ALL body changes)
· Vital signs
· Body systems and adaptations/physiological changes
· BUBBLE-HE(B)
· Assessment of Lochia Flow
Phases associated with the Mothering Role
Deep Vein Thrombosis/thrombosis
·
Medications/labs for meds
· Treatments
· Interventions
Postpartum Psychosocial (PPD/psychosis, blues)
·
Medications/contraindications/interactions, interventions, etc
Postpartum hemorrhage
· Labs
· Medications to treat PPH
· Education
Hematomas
· signs & symptoms/ interventions, patient education,
Storing breastmilk/ breast pumping
Uterine Involution and how to document
REEDA Acronym: scoring
IPV: Economic, Isolation, emotional, threats
IPV: priority interventions for each type of abuse
Phases of IPV (honeymoon, tension, etc.)
Documenting IPV
Sexual assault treatments/ therapeutic communication
PMS vs. PMDD: signs and symptoms
PMD/PMDD patient education
Women at risk for PMS
Diseases that mimic PMS, how to rule it out
Menopause: effects/body changes/ treatment of symptoms
Fibrocystic changes
Benign breast tumor
Breast drainage
Breast self-examination
Breast screenings
Fine needle biopsy vs. core needle biopsy.
Breast cancer: cancer stage prognosis/ cancer survivorship plans/ diagnostics
REVIEW UNIT 2 EXAM
Bladder Hypotonia:
Occurs when your bladder muscles lose their ability to hold your urine.
You are not longer able to sense when your bladder is full or empty it completely, so it over fills and urine leaks out.
Is also called flaccid or hypotonic bladder.
Urinary retention can also result from bladder hypotonia after childbirth because the weight of the gravid uterus no longer limits bladder capacity.
Assess the maternal bladder (extremely important)
N.I: Kegel exercises.
Abdominal Diastasis:
Diastasis recti abdominal (abdominal separation) the separation between the two rectus abdominis muscles that can occur from pregnancy.
N.I: Nurses should teach them to maintain correct posture when performing activities such as lifting, carrying, and bathing the baby for at least 12 weeks after birth.
Performing modified sit-ups during this time is beneficial in helping to strengthen the abdominal muscles.
Afterpains:
Afterpains are intermittent
uterine contractions that occur during the process of involution. Patients often describe the sensation as discomfort
similar to menstrual cramps.
Also defined as
belly cramps that a postpartum mother feels as her uterus shrinks back to its regular size after pregnancy.
Multiparas and patients with uterine overdistention (e.g., .
The document provides an overview of childbirth and newborn development. It discusses the stages of labor, cultural differences in childbirth practices, methods of pain management, Apgar scores, bonding research, approaches to childbirth like Lamaze and Bradley methods. It also covers newborn capabilities including senses, digestion, circumcision practices, early learning through classical conditioning and habituation, and social competence through responding to others.
Maternal and child health is a major concern in developing countries. This chapter discusses maternal health in Kenya, including antenatal care, problems during pregnancy, postnatal care, and the role of traditional birth attendants. It also defines key terms and describes Kenya's high maternal mortality rate of 21 deaths daily. The chapter emphasizes the importance of skilled care during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period to improve health outcomes for mothers and babies.
Breast cancer stage cancer survivorship diagnostics.docxstudywriters
1. The document discusses various topics related to postpartum assessment and care, including normal and abnormal vaginal and cesarean recovery findings, common complications like bladder hypotonia and abdominal diastasis, phases of the mothering role, and assessments of vital signs, body systems, lochia flow, and bonding.
2. It covers diagnosing and treating issues like deep vein thrombosis, postpartum hemorrhage, and postpartum psychosocial concerns. Interventions, medications, and patient education are discussed for various conditions.
3. Breast exams, screening, and management of breastfeeding are also addressed as important aspects of postpartum care.
This document outlines the goals, components, and procedures of antenatal care. It discusses assessing a pregnant woman's history, vital signs, and physical exam. Key parts of the physical exam include assessing the abdomen, fetal position and presentation. The goals of antenatal care are outlined as reducing maternal and infant mortality, improving health, and preparing for labor. Regular checkups that assess health and growth are important for effective antenatal care.
This document provides information on safe motherhood and antenatal care. It begins by listing the learning objectives, which include defining preconception and conception care, identifying antenatal care, explaining assessments of pregnant women, and discussing minor disorders during pregnancy. It then discusses preconception care, antenatal care including history taking and physical exams, the schedule for antenatal visits, and assessments during pregnancy including history, physical exams, and investigations. Key components of antenatal care are also outlined such as promoting health and detecting/managing complications.
This document discusses physiological changes during pregnancy and objectives of prenatal care. It covers changes to major body systems as well as signs and symptoms of pregnancy. Prenatal care aims to discuss pregnancy and fetal well-being, complications, and involves regular checkups with physical exams, lab tests, ultrasound and other screening tests to monitor maternal and fetal health. The goal is healthy adaptation to the psychological, physical and developmental tasks of pregnancy.
The document discusses postpartum adaptations and provides information on:
1. Common postpartum changes such as uterine involution, lochia, perineal changes, and cardiovascular, urinary, and lactation adaptations.
2. Cultural influences and psychosocial factors like attachment, maternal role development, and postpartum mood disorders.
3. Nursing assessments and priorities for postpartum care including physical assessments, teaching self-care, and monitoring for complications like hemorrhage and infection.
Mariadelmar Grajales
Compu-med Vocational Careers
Blue-Print Unit exam 2
Exam 2 Blue Print COMPLETE
Bladder Hypotonia
Abdominal diastasis
After pains
Vaginal recovery:
· normal/abnormal findings
Cesarean recovery
· Risks, interventions, medications, education
Early maternal assessment (ALL body changes)
· Vital signs
· Body systems and adaptations/physiological changes
· BUBBLE-HE(B)
· Assessment of Lochia Flow
Phases associated with the Mothering Role
Deep Vein Thrombosis/thrombosis
·
Medications/labs for meds
· Treatments
· Interventions
Postpartum Psychosocial (PPD/psychosis, blues)
·
Medications/contraindications/interactions, interventions, etc
Postpartum hemorrhage
· Labs
· Medications to treat PPH
· Education
Hematomas
· signs & symptoms/ interventions, patient education,
Storing breastmilk/ breast pumping
Uterine Involution and how to document
REEDA Acronym: scoring
IPV: Economic, Isolation, emotional, threats
IPV: priority interventions for each type of abuse
Phases of IPV (honeymoon, tension, etc.)
Documenting IPV
Sexual assault treatments/ therapeutic communication
PMS vs. PMDD: signs and symptoms
PMD/PMDD patient education
Women at risk for PMS
Diseases that mimic PMS, how to rule it out
Menopause: effects/body changes/ treatment of symptoms
Fibrocystic changes
Benign breast tumor
Breast drainage
Breast self-examination
Breast screenings
Fine needle biopsy vs. core needle biopsy.
Breast cancer: cancer stage prognosis/ cancer survivorship plans/ diagnostics
REVIEW UNIT 2 EXAM
Bladder Hypotonia:
Occurs when your bladder muscles lose their ability to hold your urine.
You are not longer able to sense when your bladder is full or empty it completely, so it over fills and urine leaks out.
Is also called flaccid or hypotonic bladder.
Urinary retention can also result from bladder hypotonia after childbirth because the weight of the gravid uterus no longer limits bladder capacity.
Assess the maternal bladder (extremely important)
N.I: Kegel exercises.
Abdominal Diastasis:
Diastasis recti abdominal (abdominal separation) the separation between the two rectus abdominis muscles that can occur from pregnancy.
N.I: Nurses should teach them to maintain correct posture when performing activities such as lifting, carrying, and bathing the baby for at least 12 weeks after birth.
Performing modified sit-ups during this time is beneficial in helping to strengthen the abdominal muscles.
Afterpains:
Afterpains are intermittent
uterine contractions that occur during the process of involution. Patients often describe the sensation as discomfort
similar to menstrual cramps.
Also defined as
belly cramps that a postpartum mother feels as her uterus shrinks back to its regular size after pregnancy.
Multiparas and patients with uterine overdistention (e.g., .
The document provides an overview of childbirth and newborn development. It discusses the stages of labor, cultural differences in childbirth practices, methods of pain management, Apgar scores, bonding research, approaches to childbirth like Lamaze and Bradley methods. It also covers newborn capabilities including senses, digestion, circumcision practices, early learning through classical conditioning and habituation, and social competence through responding to others.
Maternal and child health is a major concern in developing countries. This chapter discusses maternal health in Kenya, including antenatal care, problems during pregnancy, postnatal care, and the role of traditional birth attendants. It also defines key terms and describes Kenya's high maternal mortality rate of 21 deaths daily. The chapter emphasizes the importance of skilled care during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period to improve health outcomes for mothers and babies.
Breast cancer stage cancer survivorship diagnostics.docxstudywriters
1. The document discusses various topics related to postpartum assessment and care, including normal and abnormal vaginal and cesarean recovery findings, common complications like bladder hypotonia and abdominal diastasis, phases of the mothering role, and assessments of vital signs, body systems, lochia flow, and bonding.
2. It covers diagnosing and treating issues like deep vein thrombosis, postpartum hemorrhage, and postpartum psychosocial concerns. Interventions, medications, and patient education are discussed for various conditions.
3. Breast exams, screening, and management of breastfeeding are also addressed as important aspects of postpartum care.
This document outlines the goals, components, and procedures of antenatal care. It discusses assessing a pregnant woman's history, vital signs, and physical exam. Key parts of the physical exam include assessing the abdomen, fetal position and presentation. The goals of antenatal care are outlined as reducing maternal and infant mortality, improving health, and preparing for labor. Regular checkups that assess health and growth are important for effective antenatal care.
This document provides information on safe motherhood and antenatal care. It begins by listing the learning objectives, which include defining preconception and conception care, identifying antenatal care, explaining assessments of pregnant women, and discussing minor disorders during pregnancy. It then discusses preconception care, antenatal care including history taking and physical exams, the schedule for antenatal visits, and assessments during pregnancy including history, physical exams, and investigations. Key components of antenatal care are also outlined such as promoting health and detecting/managing complications.
The document discusses assessment of postnatal women. It begins with definitions related to the postpartum period. It then outlines the focus of physiological and psychosocial assessments during this time, including involution processes, biophysical changes, lactation, the mother's emotional state, interactions with the newborn, and adjustment to the new role. Specific areas to assess during the physical exam are also detailed, such as vital signs, the uterus, breasts, perineum, lochia, and lower extremities. Risk factors, laboratory tests, and the schedule of assessments are provided. Psychosocial factors like attachment, baby blues, and adaptation to parenting are also assessed.
The document outlines the components and process of antenatal care, which includes screening for high-risk cases, educating mothers on pregnancy and delivery, and ensuring a healthy pregnancy and delivery for both mother and baby. Antenatal care involves taking a medical history, conducting physical and obstetric examinations including measuring fundal height and fetal position, performing lab tests, and providing health education and immunizations. The goal of antenatal care is to monitor for and treat any complications in order to result in a normal pregnancy and delivery of a healthy baby from a healthy mother.
In this multimedia presentation Dr. Melissa Stoffel, D.O. provides valuable insight on preconception counseling, the practice of getting a woman as healthy as they can be prior to pregnancy, and describes what women should expect during pregnancy.
Stoffel describes what to expect from preconception counseling, how to prepare for counseling sessions and how she manages special conditions like asthma management, diabetes management, smoking cessation and heart conditions before a pregnancy.
The document discusses antenatal care, which refers to the periodic supervision and examination of a pregnant woman from conception to labor. The goals of antenatal care include reducing mortality and morbidity, improving health, preparing for labor and delivery, detecting and treating complications, and providing education. Components of antenatal care include medical history, physical exam, weight monitoring, health teaching, and identifying danger signs. Regular visits are recommended throughout pregnancy.
This document discusses integrative fertility enhancement treatments including acupuncture and herbal medicine. It covers topics like the human reproductive system, hormones involved in the menstrual cycle, fertility enhancement programs with two phases of treatment, objectives and protocols for each phase, hormonal imbalances, causations of infertility, individualized treatment plans, food and herbal recommendations, prenatal vitamins, and male factors of infertility.
Elizabeth GonzalezDr. Alain Llanes RojasAdvanced Primary.docxchristinemaritza
Elizabeth Gonzalez
Dr. Alain Llanes Rojas
Advanced Primary Family
Reproductive Health across
the lifespan
1
Labor and Birth Processes
A woman and the fetus during the late pregnancy prepares for labor process. During this period the fetus is ready for extra uterine life. There are several physiologic adaptations that a woman undergoes which prepares her for birth and motherhood. The end of pregnancy is represented by the labor and birth process which ushers in a extra uterine life for the newborn and a change for the family.
.
2
Birth Process
Giving Birth In United States
Model of birth
Medical model
Midwifery
Site of birth
Home
Birth center
Hospital
Stages of Labor
First stage: latent, active, transition
Dilatation
Second stage
Pushing and birth
Third stage
Delivery of placenta
First Stage DILATATION
The first stage of labor is divided into three phases: latent, active, and transition.
The first, the latent phase, is the longest and least intense. During this phase, contractions become more frequent, helping your cervix to dilate so your baby can pass through the birth canal
Active phase
You may feel intense pain or pressure in your back or abdomen during each contraction.
Transition phase
During transition, the cervix fully dilates to 10 centimeters. Contractions are very strong, painful, and frequent, coming every three to four minutes and lasting from 60 to 90 seconds.
Second stage: PUSHING AND BIRTH
Begins when the cervix is completely opened. At this point, your doctor will give you the OK to push. Your pushing, along with the force of your contractions, will propel your baby through the birth canal. The fontanels (soft spots) on your baby's head allow it to fit through the narrow canal.
Your baby's head crowns when the widest part of it reaches the vaginal opening. As soon as your baby's head comes out, your doctor will suction amniotic fluid, blood, and mucus from his or her nose and mouth
Third stage: DELIVERY OF THE PLACENTA
After your baby is delivered, you enter the final stage of labor. In this stage, you deliver the placenta, the organ that nourished your baby inside the womb.
Each woman and each labor is different. The amount of time spent in each stage of delivery will vary. If this is your first pregnancy, labor and delivery usually lasts about 12 to 14 hours. The process is usually shorter for subsequent pregnancies.
Stages of Labor
Labor Process
True Vs False Labor
True labor
Discomfort in the abdomen and the back
The cervix dilates
Sedation cannot stop the discomfort
Contractions at regular intervals
Gradually intensity increase
False labor
Intensity always remains to be the same
No cervical dilatation
Sedation can relieve discomfort
Contractions at irregular intervals
Pain Management In Active Labor
Hydrotherapy
Backrubs
Analgesia
Birth ball
Waling/movement
Medications
Several drugs are used to help ease the pain of la.
This is a complex issue with reasonable arguments on both sides. Ultimately, it is a personal decision that depends on a woman's individual circumstances and values.
Do Adolescents with Eating Disorders Ever Get Well?Dr David Herzog
Dr. David Herzog presents a slideshow regarding adolescents and their struggle with eating disorders. Do they ever get better and move past their eating disorders?
This document discusses lactation and breastfeeding. It outlines the benefits of breastfeeding for infant health, including boosting the immune system and reducing risks of various health issues. It also discusses the benefits for mother health, such as faster uterine recovery and reduced cancer risks. The document provides information on breastfeeding barriers, complications, teaching methods, and resources for mothers. It includes a clinical case study on counseling a hepatitis B carrier on breastfeeding safety.
The document discusses the importance of breastfeeding and the support needed for women to breastfeed successfully. It outlines the global strategy for infant and young child feeding endorsed by the World Health Assembly, including exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. The science supporting breastfeeding is presented, showing reduced mortality risks, improved long-term health outcomes, and reduced HIV transmission risk. For women to succeed at breastfeeding, they need accurate information, counseling during pregnancy and after birth, and support to address any problems that may arise. Workplace support is also important to allow women to continue breastfeeding.
This document provides information on postpartum care. It discusses the aims of postpartum care including supporting the mother and family, preventing and treating complications, supporting breastfeeding, educating on nutrition and contraception, and immunizing infants. It outlines the needs of women, newborns, and special groups during the postpartum period. These include information, counseling, health care, social support, and integration. The document also discusses postpartum exercises, nutrition, resuming sexual activity, contraception, coping with deaths, counseling, and formats used for investigating maternal deaths.
This slideshow provides a comprehensive look at what a doula is and why they are needed. It is the first unit in the certification course from New Beginnings Doula Training.
This document provides information about pregnancy and preparing for birth. It discusses the physical and emotional changes that occur during pregnancy. Physically, organs adapt to support the growing fetus and hormonal changes affect skin, hair, and pelvis size. Emotionally, a woman's identity and self-confidence transform as she prepares to become a mother. The document also outlines considerations for choosing a birth place, classes to take, prenatal care and tests, special circumstances, preparing for labor and breastfeeding.
The document discusses best practices and medical options for labor and delivery, including facilities like hospitals, birthing centers, and home births; care providers such as doctors, midwives, and doulas; pain management options involving natural techniques or drug-induced methods; birthing positions on hands and knees, squatting, or using an exercise ball; and monitoring and interventions during each stage of labor.
This document summarizes the benefits of having a doula present during childbirth. It discusses how doulas provide emotional and physical support during labor and delivery. Research shows that having a doula reduces c-section rates by 50% and can reduce c-section rates by 80% for induced births. Doula support also improves the birth experience for mothers, increases breastfeeding rates, and reduces the need for pain medication during delivery. In conclusion, doula support leads to more satisfying birth experiences and better health outcomes for both mothers and babies.
Lect.6 Maternal and child healthcar.pptxحسين منصور
This document provides an overview of maternal and child health (MCH). It begins by defining maternal care, pregnancy, and the number of recommended prenatal visits. It then discusses risk factors for complications during pregnancy like age, existing health conditions, lifestyle factors, and conditions of pregnancy. The objectives of MCH care are then outlined. The types of MCH services discussed are prenatal care, childbirth (delivery) care, and postnatal care. Finally, potential danger signs for both the mother and newborn are listed.
Lect.6 Maternal and child healthcar.pptxحسين منصور
This document provides an overview of maternal and child health (MCH). It begins by defining maternal care, pregnancy, and the number of recommended prenatal visits. It then discusses risk factors for complications during pregnancy like age, existing health conditions, lifestyle factors, and conditions of pregnancy. The objectives of MCH care are then outlined. The types of MCH services discussed are prenatal care, childbirth (delivery) care, and postnatal care. Finally, potential danger signs for both the mother and newborn are listed.
Ante Natal, Intra Natal AND Post Natal Care of Asian WomenSharda University
This document provides information on maternal and child health (MCH). It begins by introducing MCH and noting that mothers and children are vulnerable groups. MCH refers to promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative healthcare for mothers and children, including maternal health, child health, family planning, and more. The objectives of MCH are to reduce mortality and morbidity in mothers, newborns, infants and children, promote reproductive health, and promote physical and psychological development of children. The document then discusses various aspects of MCH including preconceptional care, antenatal care, the maternity cycle, and health education topics for expectant mothers.
Antenatal care refers to the supervision and care provided to an expectant mother from conception to the start of labor. This presentation discusses the definition, goals, and importance of antenatal care. It outlines the recommended four antenatal visits including what is assessed at each visit. The presentation also covers collecting a medical history, performing a physical examination, and providing health education to mothers on topics like hygiene during pregnancy. The overall aim of antenatal care is to monitor the health of both mother and baby and detect any complications.
The document discusses assessment of postnatal women. It begins with definitions related to the postpartum period. It then outlines the focus of physiological and psychosocial assessments during this time, including involution processes, biophysical changes, lactation, the mother's emotional state, interactions with the newborn, and adjustment to the new role. Specific areas to assess during the physical exam are also detailed, such as vital signs, the uterus, breasts, perineum, lochia, and lower extremities. Risk factors, laboratory tests, and the schedule of assessments are provided. Psychosocial factors like attachment, baby blues, and adaptation to parenting are also assessed.
The document outlines the components and process of antenatal care, which includes screening for high-risk cases, educating mothers on pregnancy and delivery, and ensuring a healthy pregnancy and delivery for both mother and baby. Antenatal care involves taking a medical history, conducting physical and obstetric examinations including measuring fundal height and fetal position, performing lab tests, and providing health education and immunizations. The goal of antenatal care is to monitor for and treat any complications in order to result in a normal pregnancy and delivery of a healthy baby from a healthy mother.
In this multimedia presentation Dr. Melissa Stoffel, D.O. provides valuable insight on preconception counseling, the practice of getting a woman as healthy as they can be prior to pregnancy, and describes what women should expect during pregnancy.
Stoffel describes what to expect from preconception counseling, how to prepare for counseling sessions and how she manages special conditions like asthma management, diabetes management, smoking cessation and heart conditions before a pregnancy.
The document discusses antenatal care, which refers to the periodic supervision and examination of a pregnant woman from conception to labor. The goals of antenatal care include reducing mortality and morbidity, improving health, preparing for labor and delivery, detecting and treating complications, and providing education. Components of antenatal care include medical history, physical exam, weight monitoring, health teaching, and identifying danger signs. Regular visits are recommended throughout pregnancy.
This document discusses integrative fertility enhancement treatments including acupuncture and herbal medicine. It covers topics like the human reproductive system, hormones involved in the menstrual cycle, fertility enhancement programs with two phases of treatment, objectives and protocols for each phase, hormonal imbalances, causations of infertility, individualized treatment plans, food and herbal recommendations, prenatal vitamins, and male factors of infertility.
Elizabeth GonzalezDr. Alain Llanes RojasAdvanced Primary.docxchristinemaritza
Elizabeth Gonzalez
Dr. Alain Llanes Rojas
Advanced Primary Family
Reproductive Health across
the lifespan
1
Labor and Birth Processes
A woman and the fetus during the late pregnancy prepares for labor process. During this period the fetus is ready for extra uterine life. There are several physiologic adaptations that a woman undergoes which prepares her for birth and motherhood. The end of pregnancy is represented by the labor and birth process which ushers in a extra uterine life for the newborn and a change for the family.
.
2
Birth Process
Giving Birth In United States
Model of birth
Medical model
Midwifery
Site of birth
Home
Birth center
Hospital
Stages of Labor
First stage: latent, active, transition
Dilatation
Second stage
Pushing and birth
Third stage
Delivery of placenta
First Stage DILATATION
The first stage of labor is divided into three phases: latent, active, and transition.
The first, the latent phase, is the longest and least intense. During this phase, contractions become more frequent, helping your cervix to dilate so your baby can pass through the birth canal
Active phase
You may feel intense pain or pressure in your back or abdomen during each contraction.
Transition phase
During transition, the cervix fully dilates to 10 centimeters. Contractions are very strong, painful, and frequent, coming every three to four minutes and lasting from 60 to 90 seconds.
Second stage: PUSHING AND BIRTH
Begins when the cervix is completely opened. At this point, your doctor will give you the OK to push. Your pushing, along with the force of your contractions, will propel your baby through the birth canal. The fontanels (soft spots) on your baby's head allow it to fit through the narrow canal.
Your baby's head crowns when the widest part of it reaches the vaginal opening. As soon as your baby's head comes out, your doctor will suction amniotic fluid, blood, and mucus from his or her nose and mouth
Third stage: DELIVERY OF THE PLACENTA
After your baby is delivered, you enter the final stage of labor. In this stage, you deliver the placenta, the organ that nourished your baby inside the womb.
Each woman and each labor is different. The amount of time spent in each stage of delivery will vary. If this is your first pregnancy, labor and delivery usually lasts about 12 to 14 hours. The process is usually shorter for subsequent pregnancies.
Stages of Labor
Labor Process
True Vs False Labor
True labor
Discomfort in the abdomen and the back
The cervix dilates
Sedation cannot stop the discomfort
Contractions at regular intervals
Gradually intensity increase
False labor
Intensity always remains to be the same
No cervical dilatation
Sedation can relieve discomfort
Contractions at irregular intervals
Pain Management In Active Labor
Hydrotherapy
Backrubs
Analgesia
Birth ball
Waling/movement
Medications
Several drugs are used to help ease the pain of la.
This is a complex issue with reasonable arguments on both sides. Ultimately, it is a personal decision that depends on a woman's individual circumstances and values.
Do Adolescents with Eating Disorders Ever Get Well?Dr David Herzog
Dr. David Herzog presents a slideshow regarding adolescents and their struggle with eating disorders. Do they ever get better and move past their eating disorders?
This document discusses lactation and breastfeeding. It outlines the benefits of breastfeeding for infant health, including boosting the immune system and reducing risks of various health issues. It also discusses the benefits for mother health, such as faster uterine recovery and reduced cancer risks. The document provides information on breastfeeding barriers, complications, teaching methods, and resources for mothers. It includes a clinical case study on counseling a hepatitis B carrier on breastfeeding safety.
The document discusses the importance of breastfeeding and the support needed for women to breastfeed successfully. It outlines the global strategy for infant and young child feeding endorsed by the World Health Assembly, including exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. The science supporting breastfeeding is presented, showing reduced mortality risks, improved long-term health outcomes, and reduced HIV transmission risk. For women to succeed at breastfeeding, they need accurate information, counseling during pregnancy and after birth, and support to address any problems that may arise. Workplace support is also important to allow women to continue breastfeeding.
This document provides information on postpartum care. It discusses the aims of postpartum care including supporting the mother and family, preventing and treating complications, supporting breastfeeding, educating on nutrition and contraception, and immunizing infants. It outlines the needs of women, newborns, and special groups during the postpartum period. These include information, counseling, health care, social support, and integration. The document also discusses postpartum exercises, nutrition, resuming sexual activity, contraception, coping with deaths, counseling, and formats used for investigating maternal deaths.
This slideshow provides a comprehensive look at what a doula is and why they are needed. It is the first unit in the certification course from New Beginnings Doula Training.
This document provides information about pregnancy and preparing for birth. It discusses the physical and emotional changes that occur during pregnancy. Physically, organs adapt to support the growing fetus and hormonal changes affect skin, hair, and pelvis size. Emotionally, a woman's identity and self-confidence transform as she prepares to become a mother. The document also outlines considerations for choosing a birth place, classes to take, prenatal care and tests, special circumstances, preparing for labor and breastfeeding.
The document discusses best practices and medical options for labor and delivery, including facilities like hospitals, birthing centers, and home births; care providers such as doctors, midwives, and doulas; pain management options involving natural techniques or drug-induced methods; birthing positions on hands and knees, squatting, or using an exercise ball; and monitoring and interventions during each stage of labor.
This document summarizes the benefits of having a doula present during childbirth. It discusses how doulas provide emotional and physical support during labor and delivery. Research shows that having a doula reduces c-section rates by 50% and can reduce c-section rates by 80% for induced births. Doula support also improves the birth experience for mothers, increases breastfeeding rates, and reduces the need for pain medication during delivery. In conclusion, doula support leads to more satisfying birth experiences and better health outcomes for both mothers and babies.
Lect.6 Maternal and child healthcar.pptxحسين منصور
This document provides an overview of maternal and child health (MCH). It begins by defining maternal care, pregnancy, and the number of recommended prenatal visits. It then discusses risk factors for complications during pregnancy like age, existing health conditions, lifestyle factors, and conditions of pregnancy. The objectives of MCH care are then outlined. The types of MCH services discussed are prenatal care, childbirth (delivery) care, and postnatal care. Finally, potential danger signs for both the mother and newborn are listed.
Lect.6 Maternal and child healthcar.pptxحسين منصور
This document provides an overview of maternal and child health (MCH). It begins by defining maternal care, pregnancy, and the number of recommended prenatal visits. It then discusses risk factors for complications during pregnancy like age, existing health conditions, lifestyle factors, and conditions of pregnancy. The objectives of MCH care are then outlined. The types of MCH services discussed are prenatal care, childbirth (delivery) care, and postnatal care. Finally, potential danger signs for both the mother and newborn are listed.
Ante Natal, Intra Natal AND Post Natal Care of Asian WomenSharda University
This document provides information on maternal and child health (MCH). It begins by introducing MCH and noting that mothers and children are vulnerable groups. MCH refers to promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative healthcare for mothers and children, including maternal health, child health, family planning, and more. The objectives of MCH are to reduce mortality and morbidity in mothers, newborns, infants and children, promote reproductive health, and promote physical and psychological development of children. The document then discusses various aspects of MCH including preconceptional care, antenatal care, the maternity cycle, and health education topics for expectant mothers.
Antenatal care refers to the supervision and care provided to an expectant mother from conception to the start of labor. This presentation discusses the definition, goals, and importance of antenatal care. It outlines the recommended four antenatal visits including what is assessed at each visit. The presentation also covers collecting a medical history, performing a physical examination, and providing health education to mothers on topics like hygiene during pregnancy. The overall aim of antenatal care is to monitor the health of both mother and baby and detect any complications.
CPR combines chest compressions and rescue breathing to manually circulate blood to vital organs until emergency medical services arrive. It is used when someone is unresponsive and not breathing or if they do not have a pulse. The key steps of CPR are RAP (check for responsiveness, activate EMS, and position on back) followed by ABCD (check airway, breathing, circulation, and disability). Chest compressions should be performed at a rate of 30 compressions to 2 breaths until help arrives or the victim recovers. Even with successful CPR, most victims will not survive without additional advanced cardiac life support treatments like defibrillation and drugs.
Simran presented a seminar on uterine fibroids to Professor Bhupinder Kaur. Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop from the muscles of the uterus. They are very common, affecting up to 80% of women by age 50. Fibroids can cause heavy bleeding, pain, and fertility problems. Diagnosis involves ultrasound or MRI. Treatment options include medication, surgery to remove fibroids (myomectomy), or complete hysterectomy. Nursing care focuses on managing pain and bleeding pre-and post-operatively, and educating patients.
This document provides information about birth control and family planning methods. It discusses the risks of pregnancy compared to risks of birth control. Various birth control methods are described, including hormonal (pill, injection, implant), barrier (condom, diaphragm), IUD, fertility awareness, and permanent sterilization. Specific methods like the pill, injection, and IUD are explained in more detail regarding how they work, effectiveness rates, side effects, and proper use. Emergency contraception and natural family planning methods are also covered. Quality of care indicators and clients' rights to information and choice are outlined.
This document provides information on various diagnostic tests including a complete blood count, serum electrolytes, liver function tests, lipid profile, blood glucose levels, urine tests, sputum culture, and radiologic procedures. It describes what each test measures, normal ranges, and conditions they can help screen for or diagnose. A complete blood count provides counts and percentages of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and can screen for many disorders. Serum electrolytes commonly measure sodium, potassium, and chloride levels which can be abnormal in cases of fluid imbalance, kidney disease, or other conditions. Liver function tests evaluate liver health through measures of bilirubin and liver enzymes. A lipid profile assesses cholesterol and triglyceride levels
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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1. Lecture Three: Care of the Client
During Pregnancy
NURS 2208
T. Dennis RNC, MSN
2. Objectives
Examine various prenatal education
programs, alternative birthing options,
and nursing implications.
Describe the different signs of
pregnancy.
Explain normal physical, physiologic,
and psychological changes occurring
in a woman throughout pregnancy.
3. Preparation for Parenthood
Begins in the family setting
Attitudes, feelings, ideas, fears
Knowledge-accurate or inaccurate
Comfort zone - no comfort zone
4. “The nurse fosters involvement by the family to
help them cope with feelings of anxiety”
Childbearing family-a variety of
combinations
Helps in decision making by informing
the client of choices available-informed
choices
Reaffirms the clients ability to make
decisions
5. Pre-Conception Counseling
Teaching- No smoking, no caffeine, no
OTCs
Physical Exam- Both partners (optimal
health)
Nutrition
Exercise
Conception (RELAX)
7. The Birth Plan
Assists clients /couples in making choices
Encourages research into available options
Tool for communication- “Are we all on the
same page?”
Helps client/couples set priorities
Adds realization of limitations to the
experience that may occur
8. “It is important for the nurse
to be nonjudgmental and
yet helpful to the
client/couple in keeping
their expectations realistic”
9. The Labor Support Person
The Coach Role
The Teammate
Role
The Witness Role
The Doula
The Monitrice
10. Siblings at the Birth
Preparation is key (AV, classes,
books)
Child has “own” support person
Allowed to participate (as long as not
disruptive)
Generally a “good” experience
Fosters acceptance of the new infant
11. Classes for Family Members
Early Prenatal
classes
Later Prenatal
classes
Adolescent
parenting
classes
Breastfeeding
programs
Sibling
preparation
Classes for
grandparents
12. Education for Cesarean Birth
Preparation for cesarean birth
Preparation for repeat
cesarean birth
Preparation for Vaginal Birth
After Cesarean Section
(VBAC)
14. Lamaze
“Mind prevention”
Major components are education and
training
Body conditioning exercises (pelvic tilt,
pelvic rock, Kegels)
Relaxation exercises (Progressive,
touch, disassociated)
Breathing techniques
15. Advantages to Childbirth
Education Classes
Reduced need for analgesics and/or
anesthetics
Parental satisfaction (a shared journey,
a sense of control over the process)
Each method has been shown to
shorten the labor process (relax, relax,
relax)
16. “INDIVIDUALITY”
Vocalization or “sounding”
Massage (increases relaxation)
Breathing (any manner/technique)
Warm water (compresses, bath,
shower)
Visualization
Relaxing music - subdued lighting
Aromatherapy
The Birthing ball or Birthing bar
17. Changes occurring in
pregnancy
Uterus: circulatory requirements
increase, walls thicken until late
pregnancy when they become thinner,
Braxton Hicks contractions occur
intermittently.
Cervix: Goodell’s sign (softening of
the cervix), Chadwick’s sign (blue-
purple discoloration
Ovaries: cease ovum production during
pregnancy.
18. Changes occurring in pregnancy
Vagina: may show same bluish color as
Chadwick’s sign
Breasts: size and nodularity increase, striae
(stretch marks) may appear, colostrum (an
antibody rich, yellow secretion, may be
expressed manually by 12th week and will
eventually convert to milk.
Respiratory system: diaphragm elevated and
rib cage flares during latter part of
pregnancy.
19. Changes occurring in
pregnancy
Cardiovascular system:
hear pushed upward, blood
volume increases, supine
hypotensive syndrome or
vena caval syndrome or
aortocaval compression
may occur producing a
drop in blood pressure with
dizziness,pallor and
clamminess (may be
relieved by turning to left
side).
Clotting changes
place the pregnant
woman at risk for
developing venous
thrombosis.
Physiologic anemia
of pregnancy: anemia
that results during
pregnancy due to the
plasma volume
increasing more than
the erythrocytes.
20. Changes occurring in
pregnancy
Gastrointestinal system: nausea &
vomiting of pregnancy, peculiarities of
taste and smell, gums may
bleed.Heartburn occurs due to
relaxation of the cardiac sphincter.
Bloating and constipation may occur.
Urinary tract: Frequency occurs due
to pressure of growing uterus on
bladder, more prone to infections.
21. Changes occurring in
pregnancy
Skin and hair: Pigmentation of skin
may increase, linea nigra (linea alba,
midline from pubic area to umbilicus)
darkens, chloasma (mask of
pregnancy) appears. Striae may
appear. Vascular spider nevi, small,
bright red elevations of the skin
radiating from a central body. Rate of
hair growth slows and hair loss may
occur.
22. Changes occurring in
pregnancy
Musculoskeletal system: Lordosis
(spinal curvature) may occur in late
pregnancy. Waddling gate may occur
in late pregnancy.
Eyes: Intra-ocular pressure decreases.
A slight thickening of the cornea
occurs (makes contact lens slightly
uncomfortable). These changes
usually resolve by 6 weeks post
23. Changes occurring in
pregnancy
Metabolism: 25 - 35 lb weight gain is
recommended. An increase in water
retention occurs. Demand for iron is
accelerated. The demand for
carbohydrates increases.
Endocrine system: Thyroid usually
slightly enlarged due to increased
vascularity and hyperplasia of
glandular tissue.
24. Signs of Pregnancy
Subjective: Presumptive changes
that are the symptoms the client
experiences and reports.
Objective: Probable changes that
occur in pregnancy that are more
diagnostic than subjective symptoms.
Diagnostic: Positive signs that are
completely objective and offer
conclusive proof of pregnancy.
25. Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy
(Subjective)
Amenorrhea
Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy
(NVP or morning sickness)
Excessive fatigue
Urinary frequency
Breast changes
Quickening
26. Probable Signs of Pregnancy
(Objective)
An observer can perceive the objective
signs that occur in pregnancy.
Changes in the pelvic organs
(Chadwick’s sign, Goodell’s sign,
Hegar’s sign , McDonald’s sign)
Enlargement of the abdomen (during
childbearing years)
Uterine souffle
27. Probable Signs of Pregnancy
(Objective)
Changes in pigmentation of the skin and the
appearance of abdominal striae
The fetal outline may be identified by
palpation after 24 weeks gestation
Ballottement may be felt on vaginal exam
Pregnancy tests based on hCG
Over-the-counter pregnancy tests
28. Diagnostic (positive) Signs of
Pregnancy
Completely objective, conclusive proof
of pregnancy , not confused with other
pathological states
Fetal heart rate
Fetal movement palpated by an
examiner after 20 weeks gestation
Visualization of the fetus by ultrasound
(fetal parts and heart rate visible at 8
wks)
29. Question
Suzanne Martin comes to her prenatal
check up. She tells the nurse that she
thinks she is 10 weeks pregnant. Which
one of the following would be a probable
(objective) sign of pregnancy?
A. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in
the urine
B. Breast tenderness
C. Morning sickness
D. Fetal heart tones
30.
31. Psychological Response in
Pregnancy
Anxiety: pregnancy is a developmental
turning point as childless couples become
parents.
Lifestyle changes occur.
The reality of labor and birth. How will my
life change after I have a baby?
Social support is important.
Affects both mother, father, siblings and
grandparents.
32. Mother
Ambivalence
Acceptance
Introversion
Mood swings
Changes in body
image
Father
Ambivalence about being a
parent.
Concern of moving into a
parenting role.
Stress due to financial
issues, changing
relationship with partner, his
role in the pregnancy.
Concern about their ability
to parent.
May exhibit signs or
symptoms related to the
pregnancy.
Sibling rivalry
Regression
GRANDPARENTS
Unsure of their role
Support resource
Siblings
33. Cultural Diversity and
Pregnancy
Health values: ritualistic since ancient
man, normal occurrence, sign of
virility, generalizations are
inappropriate.
Health beliefs: time of
vulnerability,equilibrium model
(hot/cold)
Health practices: home remedies,
healthcare professionals, importance
34. Cultural factors and Nursing
care
Become aware of
cultural differences
Identify personal
biases
Learn rituals and
customs of other
cultures
Include cultural
assessment
Foster an attitude
of respect
Provide for
interpreters
Learn the language
or key phrases
Incorporate
practices into care
35. Initial Client History (pg. 252)
Gravida and para refer to
pregnancies not to the fetus.
TPAL is a useful acronym helpful in
remembering term used to identify the
number of infants born: (T) number of
term infants born, (P) number of
preterm infants born, (A) number of
abortions, (L) number of children
currently living.
36. Question
Madeline is 8 weeks pregnant. She has a
baby girl born at 35 weeks that is living and
well, a pregnancy that ended in a stillbirth at
41 weeks, and a spontaneous abortion at
12 weeks gestation. Determine Madeline’s
gravity and parity using the TPAL system.
A. 3-1-1-1-1
B. 3-0-1-1-1
C. 4-0-1-2-1
D. 4-1-1-1-1
37. Determination of Due Date (pg.
268)
EDC: Estimated date of confinement
EDD: Estimated date of delivery
EDB: Estimated date of birth
Nägele’s Rule: Begin with the first day
of the last menstrual period, subtract
three months, and add seven days
(most common method of determining
the EDB)
38. Antepartum Assessment
Uterine Assessment: Uterine size may
be one of the single most important
clinical method for dating pregnancy (
in the first 10-12 weeks, dates
accurate).
Fundal height: A centimeter tape is
used to measure the distance from the
top of the symphysis pubis over the
curve of the abdomen to the top of the
uterine fundus.
Pelvic adequacy: Clinical pelvimetry is
39.
40. Danger Signs in Pregnancy
Sudden gush of
fluid from vagina
Vaginal bleeding
Abdominal pain
Temperature > 101
and chills
Dizziness, blurring
of vision, spots
before eyes
Persistent vomiting
Severe headache
Edema of hands,
feet, face and legs
Muscular irritability,
convulsions
Epigastric pain
Oliguria, Dysuria
Absence of fetal
movement
41. Subsequent Prenatal Visits
Every four weeks for the first 28 weeks
Every 2 weeks until 36 weeks
gestation
After 36 weeks, every week until
childbirth
These are general guidelines. The
frequency of visits should be based on
the client’s individual needs and
assessment of her risks.
42. Common Discomforts
of Pregnancy - First Trimester
Nausea and vomiting: Dry carbohydrate snack
before getting OOB, small frequent meals ,
acupressure.
Urinary frequency/stress incontinence: empty
bladder frequently, good hygiene, Kegel exercises
Fatique: frequent rest periods
Breast-tenderness: wear good support bra
Increased vaginal discharge: good hygiene
Nasal stuffiness and nosebleed (epistaxis): humidify
air, vitamin C, lubricate nostrils
Ptyalism (excessive, often bitter salivation)
43. Common Discomforts
of Pregnancy - 2nd & 3rd Trimesters
Heartburn (pyrosis):
small frequent meals,
avoid fried, greasy or
spicy foods
Ankle edema: elevate
feet, wear support hose,
decrease sodium in diet
Varicose veins: support
hose
Hemorrhoids, flatus and
constipation: increase
exercise, increase fluids
and roughage in diet
Backache: pelvic tilt
exercises, good posture
Difficulty sleeping/pelvic
heaviness: side lying
position, knee to chest
Leg cramps:flex toes toward
face and hyper extend foot,
increase
calcium/phosphorous levels
Faintness: avoid sudden
position change or supine
position
Dyspnea: arms over head,
slow breathing stretch to
elongate trunk
Round ligament pain: no
sudden turns, support
abdomen
Carpal tunnel syndrome
44. Dietary Teaching
Achieve a protein intake of 60 gms per day
Maintain a calcium intake of 1200 mg per
day.
Folic acid intake of 400mcg per day is
desired.
An appropriate weight gain of 3.5 to 5 lb
per week during the first trimester and 1
lb per week thereafter.
Avoid fried foods to relieve heartburn.
No caloric increase during the first trimester
Increase caloric intake by 300 kcal during
the second and third trimester.
45. Nutrition
Folic acid sources: fresh green leafy
vegetables, liver, peanuts, and whole grain
breads and cereals.
Iron: lean meats, dark green leafy
vegetables, eggs, and whole-grain and
enriched breads, dried fruits, legumes,
shellfish, and molasses. (Iron absorption is
improved when taken in conjunction with a
food rich in vitamin C.)
Vitamin C: citrus fruit, tomatoes, cantaloupe,
strawberries, broccoli, and leafy green
vegetables.
47. Medical Blooper
A young female patient had come into
our office for a diaphragm fitting. The
doctor explained that for easier
insertion the diaphragm should be
lubricated with jelly. Upon her return to
the office, the doctor noted that the
cervix was remarkably discolored.
When the doctor asked her what kind
of jelly she used, she replied, “Grape.”
A chuckle a day…® from the medical community.