2. PRE FACE
In the dynamic landscape of civil technology, a workshop unfolds, intricately weaving
together safety, craftsmanship, and the science of construction. The journey commences with a
paramount focus on safety within the workshop environment, ensuring that participants are well-
versed in protocols, protective gear usage, and emergency procedures, fostering a secure working
milieu. Transitioning to the heart of craftsmanship, participants are introduced to the artistry of
woodworking and carpentry, navigating the tools and techniques that serve as the building blocks
of these trades. A foundational understanding of wood itself follows, delving into its properties,
diverse types, and the nuanced process of selecting the right wood for specific projects. Carpentry
takes center stage, unveiling basic principles and terminology that lay the groundwork for skilled
craftsmanship.
The exploration then ascends to the intricacies of constructing wood floor systems,
balancing elegance with structural functionality. The focus shifts skyward to the critical elements
of roofing systems, encompassing various roof frames and their diverse applications in
construction projects. The journey through the workshop also involves a meticulous examination
of wood joinery techniques, splicing methods, and the innovative use of glue laminated lumber.
Timber framing, a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity, emerges as a fascinating study in
constructing robust structural frameworks. The educational voyage culminates with a detailed
exploration of staircase design, emphasizing the precision required in layout and installation for
both safety and functionality.
This comprehensive workshop equips participants with a multifaceted understanding of
safety practices, the artistry of woodworking and carpentry, and the pivotal elements that shape
construction projects within the realm of civil technology. It lays a solid foundation for future
endeavors in this dynamic and vital field.
3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page
Introduction…………………………………………………………………...........................1
LESSON 1: Safety In the Workshop……………..……………………………………..…..1
Personal Protection Equipment……………………………………………………..….4
Personal Protective Equipment……………………………………………………...…5
Basic Safety Rules…………………………………………...………………….……..6
Responsibilities……………………………………..……………………………….....6
Power Tools…………………………………………………………………….…..….6
General Safety Guidelines for Power Tools …………………………………………..6
Spark Resistant Tools……………………………………………………….…………7
LESSON 2: Introduction to Technical Drafting………………………………...…….….10
Drawing and its importance………………………………………………………….11
Division of drawing………………………………………………………………….11
Types of drawing…………………………………………………………………….11
Objectives of drawing………………………………………………………….…….11
Material needed in freehand and mechanical drawing………………………………12
Uses and care on the selected drawing instruments and materials……………….….13
LESSON 3 – Lettering……………………………………………………………..……….26
Lettering and its importance……………………………………………………….....28
History of the Alphabet and Lettering………………………………………..………28
Styles of Letters…………………………………………………………………..…..28
General division of Letters…………………………………………………………...29
Proportion of Letters………………………………………………………………….29
Classification of Letters according to its size; position; thickness of stem and spacing.30
Guidelines for capital and small letters………………………………………………31
Order of strokes for each letters……………………………………………………..33
LESSON 4 - Geometrical Construction……………………………………..…………….37
Geometrical construction……………………………………………………….........38
Lines…………………………………………………………………………….……39
Kinds of lines………………………………………………………………………...39
Angles ……………………………………………………………………………….39
Kinds of angles………………………………………………………………………39
Triangle………………………………………………………………………….…...42
Kinds of triangles by side……………………………………………………………43
Kinds of triangles by angles…………………………………………………………43
Triangles by sides……………………………………………………………………43
Triangles by angles…………………………………………………………….…….43
4. LESSON 5 - INTRODUCTION TO WOOD WORKING AND CARPENTRY….….....61
What Is Woodworking? ...............................................................................................64
What Is Carpentry? …………………………………………………………………..65
Difference between Woodworking and Carpentry……………………………….…..65
Benefits of Woodworking and Carpentry………………………………….…………65
LESSON 6 - INTRODUCTION TO TOOLS……………………………………….…......69
Introduction…………………………………………………………………….……..69
Types of Tools…………………………………………………………………….….72
Function of Each Tools…………………………………………………………….…72
LESSON 7 - Understanding Wood………………………………………………..………...78
Introduction…………………………………………………………………..………..78
Physical properties of Wood……………………………………………………..…….81
Classification………………………………………………………………….……….82
Preparation of Wood………………………………………………………….……..…83
Defects of Wood………………………………………………………………...……..83
Seasoning of Lumber………………………………………………………………….84
LESSON 8 - Introduction to Carpentry……….………………………………………..….90
Introduction …………………………………………………………………....…..….90
Carpentry Material………………………………………………………………….…93
Carpentry Tools…………………………………………………………………….…93
MIDTERM EXAM………………………………………………………………………….97
LESSON 9 - Wood Floor System……..................................................................................101
Wood floor system definition……………………………………………….………..105
Types of wood floor system………………………………………………………….105
LESSON 10 - THE ROOF SYSTEM……………………………………………………...109
Introduction……………………………………………………………………….......110
Role of Roof System in construction…………………………………………………113
Types of Roofs…………………………………………………………………….….113
LESSON 11 – TYPES OF ROOF FRAMES……………………………………………..117
Types of Roofs………………………………………………………………………120
LESSON 12 - TYPES OF WOOD JOINTS AND SPLICES…………………………….129
Introduction………………………………………………………………...……...…129
Kinds of Wood joints…………………………………………………………………131
Classification…………………………………………………………………………132
5. LESSON 13 - Glue Laminated Lumber……………………………………………….......136
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..136
Composition and Physical Properties of Glulam……………………………………..139
Classification of Glulam …………………………………………………………..…139
Preparation Process………………………………………………………………...…139
Advantages of Using Glulam…………………………………………………………139
Environmental Considerations……………………………………………………..…139
Fire Resistance and Precision Manufacturing……………………………………...…139
Potential Disadvantages of Glulam……………………………………………...……139
LESSON 14&15 - TIMBER FRAMING AND JOINERY………………………….…....142
Introduction………………………………………………………………………......142
History of Timber Framing …………………………………………………….……145
4 types of Timber Framing……………………………………………………….….146
Types of Timber Framing Post & Trusses………………….…………………….….146
Different Kinds of Cruck in Construction…………………………………………...147
LESSON 16&17 - Stairs and Laying Out Stairs……………………………………....…150
Purpose of Stairs…………………………………………………………………….153
Types of Stairs………………………………………………………………..….….153
Importance of Stairs…………………………………………………………………155
FINAL EXAM……………………………………………………………………………..159
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………….……164
