Mosquito-borne disease such as dengue fever is a pervasive public health problem around the world and further investigation is needed to rectify the misunderstanding of the disease among communities. This requires a personalized information delivery, which will effectively fix the problem. The process of personalizing information requires several major steps: (i) determine the attributes which will be used to interpret a person, (ii) selects an algorithm which will accurately and efficiently classify the person according to the retrieved background information, and (iii) recommends the correct information to rectify the particular misunderstanding. This research paper considers the first two steps. First, data regarding the knowledge, attitudes and prevention practices are determined from the established literature where some variables give a significant impact on the predictive model. In the second step, five performed machine learning algorithms were tested for the classification task. The result indicates that the use of Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree algorithms provide the best performance in classifying the person’s understanding regarding the dengue fever.
This study evaluated the direct and indirect protective effects of malaria interventions ITNs and IRS using data from 7 countries in Africa. A crude analysis found that ITN use significantly decreased odds of malaria in 2 countries and increased odds in 2 others, while IRS use significantly decreased odds in 1 country and increased odds in another. An adjusted analysis found no indirect protection for non-ITN users as coverage increased, but indirect protection was offered to ITN users as coverage increased in their neighborhood. IRS use did not provide individual or community-level protection against malaria. The contradictory findings highlight a need for further research on mechanisms driving these observed patterns.
Evidence
is summarised here regarding the (anti-)vaccination
information on the Internet, and its influence on risk
perceptions and on vaccination intentions and behaviour
in relation to the encoded information.
This document proposes a thesis on training first responders to recognize and respond to biological threats. It discusses how biological agents can rapidly spread if detection is slow. While technologies like BioShield filters exist, manual collection and testing means delays in detection. The document examines past biological incidents like the 1918 Spanish Flu and 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack to show the importance of early detection. It argues that educating first responders on production methods and symptoms can speed up detection before an outbreak spreads. Using military resources could provide training without significant additional costs.
Communication for behavioral impact(COMBI)Siti Mastura
The document describes a COMBI program in Malaysia to control dengue through community behavior change. The program was piloted in Hulu Langat, Selangor where most Aedes breeding occurred in semi-permanent water containers. 172 volunteers educated residents to check containers twice weekly and eliminate larvae. This reduced the Aedes Index from 5 to 0.96 over 16 weeks and dropped reported dengue cases in the area to 1. The COMBI approach successfully identified local breeding factors and engaged the community to potentially reduce disease transmission.
The Modern-Day Heroes of the Tri- Bureaus of the Province of Ilocos Norte in ...AI Publications
The COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected the life of the law enforcement sector. This study explored the experiences of modern-day heroes from the Tri-Bureaus of Ilocos Norte during the health pandemic. It involved 19 participants composed of police officers, jail officers and fire officers who rendered duty during the total lockdown, Modified Enhanced Community Quarantine and General Community Quarantine. Qualitative-phenomenology, five major themes are identified as the feeling of distress, struggles amidst the challenges of the pandemic, motivational drives, life realizations and wellness as a priority. This study implies a need to revisit organizational policies to ensure the health and safety of personnel in the Tri-Bureaus.
Nepal's readiness and response to pandemic covid 19Ndrc Nepal
This document discusses Nepal's readiness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It outlines key initiatives taken at the federal, provincial, and local levels in Nepal. At the federal level, initiatives included suspending international flights, closing borders, setting up testing centers, improving healthcare systems, and regularizing private hospital services. Provinces established funds and preparedness plans, including quarantine facilities and health checkpoints. The pandemic has posed major challenges for Nepal's health system and response efforts due to its rapid spread and impact on all aspects of society.
醫藥人 楊幽幽 Physician Pharmacist People Health Magazine Cecilia Young Tau Yau - ...ceciliayoungyau
Patient Perception from Internet on Adverse Effects vs Benefits of Vaccination written by Dental Consultant Physician Pharmacist People 醫藥人 楊幽幽 (Cecilia Young Tau Yau)
The document discusses the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in managing health-related problems from pre-disaster to post-disaster. It outlines how ICT can help with risk assessment, response planning, monitoring disease patterns, and involving communities in preparedness. The focus is on how ICT can effectively coordinate response efforts and improve public health outcomes after disasters and emergencies.
This study evaluated the direct and indirect protective effects of malaria interventions ITNs and IRS using data from 7 countries in Africa. A crude analysis found that ITN use significantly decreased odds of malaria in 2 countries and increased odds in 2 others, while IRS use significantly decreased odds in 1 country and increased odds in another. An adjusted analysis found no indirect protection for non-ITN users as coverage increased, but indirect protection was offered to ITN users as coverage increased in their neighborhood. IRS use did not provide individual or community-level protection against malaria. The contradictory findings highlight a need for further research on mechanisms driving these observed patterns.
Evidence
is summarised here regarding the (anti-)vaccination
information on the Internet, and its influence on risk
perceptions and on vaccination intentions and behaviour
in relation to the encoded information.
This document proposes a thesis on training first responders to recognize and respond to biological threats. It discusses how biological agents can rapidly spread if detection is slow. While technologies like BioShield filters exist, manual collection and testing means delays in detection. The document examines past biological incidents like the 1918 Spanish Flu and 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack to show the importance of early detection. It argues that educating first responders on production methods and symptoms can speed up detection before an outbreak spreads. Using military resources could provide training without significant additional costs.
Communication for behavioral impact(COMBI)Siti Mastura
The document describes a COMBI program in Malaysia to control dengue through community behavior change. The program was piloted in Hulu Langat, Selangor where most Aedes breeding occurred in semi-permanent water containers. 172 volunteers educated residents to check containers twice weekly and eliminate larvae. This reduced the Aedes Index from 5 to 0.96 over 16 weeks and dropped reported dengue cases in the area to 1. The COMBI approach successfully identified local breeding factors and engaged the community to potentially reduce disease transmission.
The Modern-Day Heroes of the Tri- Bureaus of the Province of Ilocos Norte in ...AI Publications
The COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected the life of the law enforcement sector. This study explored the experiences of modern-day heroes from the Tri-Bureaus of Ilocos Norte during the health pandemic. It involved 19 participants composed of police officers, jail officers and fire officers who rendered duty during the total lockdown, Modified Enhanced Community Quarantine and General Community Quarantine. Qualitative-phenomenology, five major themes are identified as the feeling of distress, struggles amidst the challenges of the pandemic, motivational drives, life realizations and wellness as a priority. This study implies a need to revisit organizational policies to ensure the health and safety of personnel in the Tri-Bureaus.
Nepal's readiness and response to pandemic covid 19Ndrc Nepal
This document discusses Nepal's readiness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It outlines key initiatives taken at the federal, provincial, and local levels in Nepal. At the federal level, initiatives included suspending international flights, closing borders, setting up testing centers, improving healthcare systems, and regularizing private hospital services. Provinces established funds and preparedness plans, including quarantine facilities and health checkpoints. The pandemic has posed major challenges for Nepal's health system and response efforts due to its rapid spread and impact on all aspects of society.
醫藥人 楊幽幽 Physician Pharmacist People Health Magazine Cecilia Young Tau Yau - ...ceciliayoungyau
Patient Perception from Internet on Adverse Effects vs Benefits of Vaccination written by Dental Consultant Physician Pharmacist People 醫藥人 楊幽幽 (Cecilia Young Tau Yau)
The document discusses the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in managing health-related problems from pre-disaster to post-disaster. It outlines how ICT can help with risk assessment, response planning, monitoring disease patterns, and involving communities in preparedness. The focus is on how ICT can effectively coordinate response efforts and improve public health outcomes after disasters and emergencies.
INFLUENCE OF BAKIGA CULTURAL BELIEFS AND PRACTICES ON MANAGEMENT OF CORONA VI...AkashSharma618775
The focus of this discourse is to construct an understanding of cultural beliefs and practices on the
influence and spread of corona virus as viewed from lenses of medical sociology. This review starts from the
premise that we need a sociology of health agenda to manage the corona virus epidemic. The study points to the
fact that cultural beliefs are an unsung aspect in our understanding of the sociology of health particularly in the
management of corona virus despite the role of describing social behavior in other disciplines, including utilization
of medicine itself. Some cultural fanatics among the Bakiga hold several casual beliefs that Corona Virus is a
disease of the West (most developed countries) and therefore, Africans are an exception. Another competing belief
is that most Africans have endured harsh conditions which made them develop immunity against the virus.
Another argument is that Africans have been infected by flu and common cold and therefore, their body has
requisite immunity to fight COVID 19.Culture in health interventions seems to have three domains of health
beliefs and behavior that should be taken into account: (1) Cultural Identity, (2) Relationships and Expectations,
and (3) Cultural Empowerment. It is essential to maximize the wealth of experience that emerges both from
anthropological and sociological analysis of epidemic responses in different contexts for similar airborne diseases,
including historical analyses. Although the socio-cultural practices of the Bakiga highlighted in this work have
been shown to contribute to the spread of COVID 19, any future efforts to eradicate and/or contain these
outbreaks should also include the medical sociologist on the African continent as the dearth of them was the main
structural contributor to the course of the pandemic.
Australians in 2010 were more likely to believe a terrorist attack would occur in Australia but felt less concerned about being directly affected. Those with higher perceived risk and concern about terrorism included women, middle-aged individuals, those with lower education levels, and those with higher psychological distress. Australians with a migrant background reported lower likelihood of terrorism occurring but higher concern of being personally affected and having made lifestyle changes due to the threat. Willingness to evacuate homes and public places increased between 2007 and 2010. Key subgroups remained disproportionately concerned, including those with lower education and migrant groups.
GUIDELINE FOR PREVENTING AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE INFLUXNora Mahfouf
This document provides guidelines for preventing infectious disease outbreaks. It discusses several infectious diseases like MERS, SARS, HBV, and malaria. It covers epidemic phases and response interventions like anticipation, early detection, containment, and control. It focuses on community engagement, risk communication, and protecting healthcare workers. Standard precautions like hand hygiene, use of gloves and gowns, and environmental cleaning are described. Infection-specific recommendations for issues like multidrug-resistant organisms, urinary tract infections, and respiratory infections are also provided.
GIVING UP PRIVACY FOR SECURITY: A SURVEY ON PRIVACY TRADE-OFF DURING PANDEMIC...ijcisjournal
While the COVID-19 pandemic continues to be as complex as ever, the collection and exchange of data in the light of fighting coronavirus poses a major challenge for privacy systems around the globe. The disease’s size and magnitude are not uncommon but it appears to be at the point of hysteria surrounding it. Consequently, in a very short time, extreme measures for dealing with the situation appear to have become
the norm. Any such actions affect the privacy of individuals in particular. In some cases, there is intensive monitoring of the whole population while the medical data of those diagnosed with the virus is commonly circulated through institutions and nations. This may well be in the interest of saving the world from a deadly disease, but is it appropriate and right? Although creative solutions have been implemented in many countries to address the issue, proponents of privacy are concerned that technologies will eventually erode privacy, while regulators and privacy supporters are worried about what kind of impact this could bring. While that tension has always been present, privacy has been thrown into sharp relief by the sheer urgency
of containing an exponentially spreading virus. The essence of this dilemma indicates that establishing the right equilibrium will be the best solution. The jurisprudence concerning cases regarding the willingness of public officials to interfere with the constitutional right to privacy in the interests of national security or public health has repeatedly proven that a reasonable balance can be reached.
The defence of teaching philosophy as the noble discipline to the teachersAkashSharma618775
As students of philosophy there has always been a wonder about what the work of philosophers is and
what do they teach their students. The wonder of this nature becomes manifest when one has to become one of the
philosophers himself. Having heard it as a saying that “to err is human”, it then becomes inevitable to wonder
humans are really what they perceive themselves as or something else. One of the crucial things to note is that if
humans get deceived in the perception of themselves then all what they engage in will not be authentically of
service to humanity. This speaks to the issue of the way in which human interactions are guided by their will or, if
true, something in a form of a supernatural being outside themselves. Exploring such mindboggling issues around
human existence might guide a philosopher of education to understand what really makes a person be, and at what
point do philosophical teachings make guided students. In most cases students want to receive fair and just
education. But without teachings of critical thinking that philosophers of education emphasize, teachers will
always delve into matters of morality and forget the thought aspect that forms the basis of teaching itself. Although
morality in any form of education is paramount, but it is most important to at least know the fundamental
underpinnings of that morality. When teachers do not study philosophy their understanding of the applied
curriculum remains shallow and proper application of it might be hindered. Without saying that morality
education and curriculum knowledge is non-profiting, the argument here is that it is always most beneficial to
know the foundations of those things from their philosophical beginnings. It is in that backdrop that usage of
analytic theoretical framework will be employed in this paper to explore errors and other accurate uncertainties
that make life and its experiences almost certain
The document discusses Integrated Malaria Management (IMM), an approach to reducing malaria prevalence through multiple coordinated interventions. IMM collects data on mosquitoes, the environment, and malaria cases to determine the most effective and cost-efficient combination of interventions. These may include environmental cleanup, indoor residual spraying, larviciding, aerial and ground adulticiding, medical treatment, and insecticide-treated bed nets. The goal is to rapidly reduce malaria rates in a sustainable way through an integrated rather than single-method approach. Regular data collection and analysis allows the program to evaluate results and refine interventions.
The document provides an overview of computational epidemiology through three sentences:
It discusses the history and basic concepts of computational epidemiology, from early mathematical models of diseases like smallpox and cholera to modern networked and data-driven approaches. Computational epidemiology uses mathematical and computational methods to study disease transmission and inform public health responses to epidemics. The field aims to attract computing and data scientists to help address open problems through frameworks like graphical dynamical systems.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of gain-framed (emphasizing positive outcomes of vaccination) and loss-framed (emphasizing negative outcomes of not vaccinating) messages on influenza vaccination rates among minority pregnant women. The study also assessed social and community factors that influence maternal immunization. The study found that neither gain-framed nor loss-framed messages significantly increased vaccination rates. Significant predictors of vaccination included healthcare provider recommendation, using hospital-based prenatal care, and perceived social support for vaccination. The study concludes that promoting vaccination through healthcare providers and social networks can improve rates among minority pregnant women.
- The document describes a thesis that examines resource allocation strategies for controlling infectious disease outbreaks.
- It analyzes outbreaks from natural causes like influenza, bioterrorist attacks like smallpox, and outbreaks in humanitarian emergencies like cholera.
- Mathematical models are developed and coupled with epidemiological models to optimize allocation of resources like medical teams during vaccination campaigns. A case study applies the models to influenza outbreaks in Greece.
The document outlines the process of ecological risk assessment for communicable diseases. It discusses key terms, definitions, and the phases of ecological risk assessment including problem formulation, analysis, and risk characterization. It also examines standard procedures for developing a communicable disease risk assessment, including a three-step framework. Finally, it discusses how risk assessment can be used to predict disease threats from climate change, and the importance of prevention through measures like safe water, sanitation, immunization and disease surveillance.
Moving towards malaria elimination: developing innovative tools for malaria s...Malaria Consortium
In collaboration with the national malaria control programme in Cambodia (CNM), Malaria Consortium developed a diverse set of tools to improve malaria surveillance and to provide the information needed by national and district staff to manage the national malaria programme, respond to malaria outbreaks and individual cases and monitor in real-time the levels of critical malaria supplies at health facilities.
The surveillance tools developed were a mix of routine reporting systems using eHealth and mobile phone-based (mHealth) solutions that would enable resource constrained environments to provide real-time data for immediate action. This learning paper documents the lessons learned in developing an appropriate tool and the specific considerations in the implementation of mHealth solutions.
Machine learning approaches in the diagnosis of infectious diseases-a review.pdfSmriti Mishra
This document reviews machine learning approaches for diagnosing infectious diseases. It discusses how machine learning algorithms like logistic regression, K-nearest neighbors, support vector machines, decision trees, naive Bayes, neural networks, and ensemble techniques have been applied to diagnose diseases like tuberculosis, influenza, HIV, dengue fever, COVID-19, cystitis, and nonspecific urethritis. Existing models have limitations related to data quality and availability. Ensemble approaches that combine multiple models may improve performance over single classifiers. Developing models requires diverse, high-quality data that accurately represents reality.
The Role of Science Education in Secondary Schools in Curbing Covid 19 Pandemicijtsrd
Science Education equips individuals with skills, knowledge and ability to handle societal challenges such as Corona virus pandemic. The role of education to ensure effective community engagement for curbing COVID 19 impartation on society includes knowledge, self efficiency and trust. Functions of science education to students and society were ex rayed. COVID 19 impact on science education and education in general was examined. School closure was employed as a measure to shut down the spread of the disease. The roles of science educators in the pandemic period among others include how history of science traced other pandemics and how they were able to tackle and downplay political ambitions of the government over the pandemic. Awareness campaigns on mitigation of COVID 19 impact revealed efforts of many countries to fight the monster – COVID 19. Chikendu, Rebecca E | Okoli, Josephine N | Ejesi, Nkori "The Role of Science Education in Secondary Schools in Curbing Covid-19 Pandemic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38558.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38558/the-role-of-science-education-in-secondary-schools-in-curbing-covid19-pandemic/chikendu-rebecca-e
This study assessed community perceptions of dengue prevention in Madeira, Portugal through a novel assessment tool. A survey of over 1,000 residents found that perceptions were generally poor, with most respondents only partially understanding key topics and believing various myths. Association was found between low perception scores and presence of mosquito breeding sites in homes. The atypical breeding sites found suggest tailored education is needed to improve perceptions and engagement in dengue prevention activities in this region.
The document summarizes a study on knowledge, awareness, and preventive practices related to dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh. It found that while most people had heard of dengue, there were still misconceptions about how the Aedes mosquito breeds and bites. Education level was a predictor of knowledge and awareness of dengue. Preventive practices were lower than knowledge levels, though the two were associated. The study highlights the need for increased health promotion to address gaps and misconceptions regarding dengue in Bangladesh.
Mitigating Social Media Misinformation: An Analysis of Hoax Hunter's Efficacy...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the issue of misinformation on social media and introduces Hoax Hunter, an application designed to address this problem. Hoax Hunter analyzes articles using advanced techniques to detect misleading information, identify coordinated bot activity, assess sentiment, and evaluate source authenticity. It aims to help users make informed decisions by providing a comprehensive solution to uncover the truth. The conclusion states that Hoax Hunter offers powerful tools through features like sentiment analysis, propaganda detection, and unreliable source identification, making it a valuable resource for navigating online information.
Usability analysis of sms alert system for immunization in the context of ban...eSAT Journals
Abstract Both the market and academia strongly encourage the development of usable systems, and they do so by relying on a number of standards, guide-lines, research and good practice streams. Unfortunately, in the health sector, whilst being the owner of standards under many purposes and topics, seems still falling and running behind as the conceptual issues and practical implications of usability are concerned. In this study, it was found that rapid growth of mobile applications through SMS increases in a significant way in developing countries particularly in Bangladesh. Public satisfaction was highly shown in mobile health services through SMS. In our paper, usability has been analytically investigated throughout a simulated health oriented action setting and against a prototype of SMS based health services in Bangladesh, and several provoking conclusions in terms of “rethinking usability” applied to academic actions and decision making have been derived. Various health institutes can be influenced by this study to challenge existing difficulties against usability potential. Keywords: ICT, mHealth, Mobile applications, SMS, Usability
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An agent-based model to assess coronavirus disease 19 spread and health syst...IJECEIAES
The present pandemic has tremendously raised the health systems’ burden around the globe. It is important to understand the transmission dynamics of the infection and impose localized strategies across different geographies to curtail the spread of the infection. The present study was designed to assess the transmission dynamics and the health systems’ burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using an agent-based modeling (ABM) approach. The study used a synthetic population with 31,738,240 agents representing 90.67 percent of the overall population of Telangana, India. The effects of imposing and lifting lockdowns, nonpharmaceutical interventions, and the role of immunity were analyzed. The distribution of people in different health states was measured separately for each district of Telangana. The spread dramatically increased and reached a peak soon after the lockdowns were relaxed. It was evident that is the protection offered is higher when a higher proportion of the population is exposed to the interventions. ABMs help to analyze grassroots details compared to compartmental models. Risk estimates provide insights on the proportion of the population protected by the adoption of one or more of the control measures, which is of practical significance for policymaking.
Mapping the Risk-Utility Landscape of Mobile Data for Sustainable Development...UN Global Pulse
The goal of this project was to determine the relationship between privacy risk and data utility when using aggregated mobile data for policy planning and crisis response. The project assessed these factors for transportation planning and pandemic control using expert surveys and privacy risk analyses of anonymized call detail records. Results showed that privacy risk and utility have a complex relationship that depends on data context and use. Nevertheless, re-identification risk remains when applying mobile data for public good. The project lays the groundwork for evidence-based standards and frameworks to ensure proportionality between privacy risk and risk of harm from failure to use mobile data.
The goal of this project was to determine the relationship between privacy risk and data utility when using aggregated mobile data for policy planning and crisis response. The project assessed these factors for transportation planning and pandemic control using simulated mobile call data. Experts in these domains evaluated the utility of various aggregation levels for their work. Re-identification risk was also measured for each data set. Results showed that while aggregation reduced risk, it also reduced utility, and this relationship varied by context and purpose. The project aims to help develop evidence-based standards for using mobile data proportionately based on balancing privacy risk and social benefits. Further research is needed applying this methodology to more scenarios and experts to better understand how data aggregation can enable use of mobile data for public
INFLUENCE OF BAKIGA CULTURAL BELIEFS AND PRACTICES ON MANAGEMENT OF CORONA VI...AkashSharma618775
The focus of this discourse is to construct an understanding of cultural beliefs and practices on the
influence and spread of corona virus as viewed from lenses of medical sociology. This review starts from the
premise that we need a sociology of health agenda to manage the corona virus epidemic. The study points to the
fact that cultural beliefs are an unsung aspect in our understanding of the sociology of health particularly in the
management of corona virus despite the role of describing social behavior in other disciplines, including utilization
of medicine itself. Some cultural fanatics among the Bakiga hold several casual beliefs that Corona Virus is a
disease of the West (most developed countries) and therefore, Africans are an exception. Another competing belief
is that most Africans have endured harsh conditions which made them develop immunity against the virus.
Another argument is that Africans have been infected by flu and common cold and therefore, their body has
requisite immunity to fight COVID 19.Culture in health interventions seems to have three domains of health
beliefs and behavior that should be taken into account: (1) Cultural Identity, (2) Relationships and Expectations,
and (3) Cultural Empowerment. It is essential to maximize the wealth of experience that emerges both from
anthropological and sociological analysis of epidemic responses in different contexts for similar airborne diseases,
including historical analyses. Although the socio-cultural practices of the Bakiga highlighted in this work have
been shown to contribute to the spread of COVID 19, any future efforts to eradicate and/or contain these
outbreaks should also include the medical sociologist on the African continent as the dearth of them was the main
structural contributor to the course of the pandemic.
Australians in 2010 were more likely to believe a terrorist attack would occur in Australia but felt less concerned about being directly affected. Those with higher perceived risk and concern about terrorism included women, middle-aged individuals, those with lower education levels, and those with higher psychological distress. Australians with a migrant background reported lower likelihood of terrorism occurring but higher concern of being personally affected and having made lifestyle changes due to the threat. Willingness to evacuate homes and public places increased between 2007 and 2010. Key subgroups remained disproportionately concerned, including those with lower education and migrant groups.
GUIDELINE FOR PREVENTING AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE INFLUXNora Mahfouf
This document provides guidelines for preventing infectious disease outbreaks. It discusses several infectious diseases like MERS, SARS, HBV, and malaria. It covers epidemic phases and response interventions like anticipation, early detection, containment, and control. It focuses on community engagement, risk communication, and protecting healthcare workers. Standard precautions like hand hygiene, use of gloves and gowns, and environmental cleaning are described. Infection-specific recommendations for issues like multidrug-resistant organisms, urinary tract infections, and respiratory infections are also provided.
GIVING UP PRIVACY FOR SECURITY: A SURVEY ON PRIVACY TRADE-OFF DURING PANDEMIC...ijcisjournal
While the COVID-19 pandemic continues to be as complex as ever, the collection and exchange of data in the light of fighting coronavirus poses a major challenge for privacy systems around the globe. The disease’s size and magnitude are not uncommon but it appears to be at the point of hysteria surrounding it. Consequently, in a very short time, extreme measures for dealing with the situation appear to have become
the norm. Any such actions affect the privacy of individuals in particular. In some cases, there is intensive monitoring of the whole population while the medical data of those diagnosed with the virus is commonly circulated through institutions and nations. This may well be in the interest of saving the world from a deadly disease, but is it appropriate and right? Although creative solutions have been implemented in many countries to address the issue, proponents of privacy are concerned that technologies will eventually erode privacy, while regulators and privacy supporters are worried about what kind of impact this could bring. While that tension has always been present, privacy has been thrown into sharp relief by the sheer urgency
of containing an exponentially spreading virus. The essence of this dilemma indicates that establishing the right equilibrium will be the best solution. The jurisprudence concerning cases regarding the willingness of public officials to interfere with the constitutional right to privacy in the interests of national security or public health has repeatedly proven that a reasonable balance can be reached.
The defence of teaching philosophy as the noble discipline to the teachersAkashSharma618775
As students of philosophy there has always been a wonder about what the work of philosophers is and
what do they teach their students. The wonder of this nature becomes manifest when one has to become one of the
philosophers himself. Having heard it as a saying that “to err is human”, it then becomes inevitable to wonder
humans are really what they perceive themselves as or something else. One of the crucial things to note is that if
humans get deceived in the perception of themselves then all what they engage in will not be authentically of
service to humanity. This speaks to the issue of the way in which human interactions are guided by their will or, if
true, something in a form of a supernatural being outside themselves. Exploring such mindboggling issues around
human existence might guide a philosopher of education to understand what really makes a person be, and at what
point do philosophical teachings make guided students. In most cases students want to receive fair and just
education. But without teachings of critical thinking that philosophers of education emphasize, teachers will
always delve into matters of morality and forget the thought aspect that forms the basis of teaching itself. Although
morality in any form of education is paramount, but it is most important to at least know the fundamental
underpinnings of that morality. When teachers do not study philosophy their understanding of the applied
curriculum remains shallow and proper application of it might be hindered. Without saying that morality
education and curriculum knowledge is non-profiting, the argument here is that it is always most beneficial to
know the foundations of those things from their philosophical beginnings. It is in that backdrop that usage of
analytic theoretical framework will be employed in this paper to explore errors and other accurate uncertainties
that make life and its experiences almost certain
The document discusses Integrated Malaria Management (IMM), an approach to reducing malaria prevalence through multiple coordinated interventions. IMM collects data on mosquitoes, the environment, and malaria cases to determine the most effective and cost-efficient combination of interventions. These may include environmental cleanup, indoor residual spraying, larviciding, aerial and ground adulticiding, medical treatment, and insecticide-treated bed nets. The goal is to rapidly reduce malaria rates in a sustainable way through an integrated rather than single-method approach. Regular data collection and analysis allows the program to evaluate results and refine interventions.
The document provides an overview of computational epidemiology through three sentences:
It discusses the history and basic concepts of computational epidemiology, from early mathematical models of diseases like smallpox and cholera to modern networked and data-driven approaches. Computational epidemiology uses mathematical and computational methods to study disease transmission and inform public health responses to epidemics. The field aims to attract computing and data scientists to help address open problems through frameworks like graphical dynamical systems.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of gain-framed (emphasizing positive outcomes of vaccination) and loss-framed (emphasizing negative outcomes of not vaccinating) messages on influenza vaccination rates among minority pregnant women. The study also assessed social and community factors that influence maternal immunization. The study found that neither gain-framed nor loss-framed messages significantly increased vaccination rates. Significant predictors of vaccination included healthcare provider recommendation, using hospital-based prenatal care, and perceived social support for vaccination. The study concludes that promoting vaccination through healthcare providers and social networks can improve rates among minority pregnant women.
- The document describes a thesis that examines resource allocation strategies for controlling infectious disease outbreaks.
- It analyzes outbreaks from natural causes like influenza, bioterrorist attacks like smallpox, and outbreaks in humanitarian emergencies like cholera.
- Mathematical models are developed and coupled with epidemiological models to optimize allocation of resources like medical teams during vaccination campaigns. A case study applies the models to influenza outbreaks in Greece.
The document outlines the process of ecological risk assessment for communicable diseases. It discusses key terms, definitions, and the phases of ecological risk assessment including problem formulation, analysis, and risk characterization. It also examines standard procedures for developing a communicable disease risk assessment, including a three-step framework. Finally, it discusses how risk assessment can be used to predict disease threats from climate change, and the importance of prevention through measures like safe water, sanitation, immunization and disease surveillance.
Moving towards malaria elimination: developing innovative tools for malaria s...Malaria Consortium
In collaboration with the national malaria control programme in Cambodia (CNM), Malaria Consortium developed a diverse set of tools to improve malaria surveillance and to provide the information needed by national and district staff to manage the national malaria programme, respond to malaria outbreaks and individual cases and monitor in real-time the levels of critical malaria supplies at health facilities.
The surveillance tools developed were a mix of routine reporting systems using eHealth and mobile phone-based (mHealth) solutions that would enable resource constrained environments to provide real-time data for immediate action. This learning paper documents the lessons learned in developing an appropriate tool and the specific considerations in the implementation of mHealth solutions.
Machine learning approaches in the diagnosis of infectious diseases-a review.pdfSmriti Mishra
This document reviews machine learning approaches for diagnosing infectious diseases. It discusses how machine learning algorithms like logistic regression, K-nearest neighbors, support vector machines, decision trees, naive Bayes, neural networks, and ensemble techniques have been applied to diagnose diseases like tuberculosis, influenza, HIV, dengue fever, COVID-19, cystitis, and nonspecific urethritis. Existing models have limitations related to data quality and availability. Ensemble approaches that combine multiple models may improve performance over single classifiers. Developing models requires diverse, high-quality data that accurately represents reality.
The Role of Science Education in Secondary Schools in Curbing Covid 19 Pandemicijtsrd
Science Education equips individuals with skills, knowledge and ability to handle societal challenges such as Corona virus pandemic. The role of education to ensure effective community engagement for curbing COVID 19 impartation on society includes knowledge, self efficiency and trust. Functions of science education to students and society were ex rayed. COVID 19 impact on science education and education in general was examined. School closure was employed as a measure to shut down the spread of the disease. The roles of science educators in the pandemic period among others include how history of science traced other pandemics and how they were able to tackle and downplay political ambitions of the government over the pandemic. Awareness campaigns on mitigation of COVID 19 impact revealed efforts of many countries to fight the monster – COVID 19. Chikendu, Rebecca E | Okoli, Josephine N | Ejesi, Nkori "The Role of Science Education in Secondary Schools in Curbing Covid-19 Pandemic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38558.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38558/the-role-of-science-education-in-secondary-schools-in-curbing-covid19-pandemic/chikendu-rebecca-e
This study assessed community perceptions of dengue prevention in Madeira, Portugal through a novel assessment tool. A survey of over 1,000 residents found that perceptions were generally poor, with most respondents only partially understanding key topics and believing various myths. Association was found between low perception scores and presence of mosquito breeding sites in homes. The atypical breeding sites found suggest tailored education is needed to improve perceptions and engagement in dengue prevention activities in this region.
The document summarizes a study on knowledge, awareness, and preventive practices related to dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh. It found that while most people had heard of dengue, there were still misconceptions about how the Aedes mosquito breeds and bites. Education level was a predictor of knowledge and awareness of dengue. Preventive practices were lower than knowledge levels, though the two were associated. The study highlights the need for increased health promotion to address gaps and misconceptions regarding dengue in Bangladesh.
Mitigating Social Media Misinformation: An Analysis of Hoax Hunter's Efficacy...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the issue of misinformation on social media and introduces Hoax Hunter, an application designed to address this problem. Hoax Hunter analyzes articles using advanced techniques to detect misleading information, identify coordinated bot activity, assess sentiment, and evaluate source authenticity. It aims to help users make informed decisions by providing a comprehensive solution to uncover the truth. The conclusion states that Hoax Hunter offers powerful tools through features like sentiment analysis, propaganda detection, and unreliable source identification, making it a valuable resource for navigating online information.
Usability analysis of sms alert system for immunization in the context of ban...eSAT Journals
Abstract Both the market and academia strongly encourage the development of usable systems, and they do so by relying on a number of standards, guide-lines, research and good practice streams. Unfortunately, in the health sector, whilst being the owner of standards under many purposes and topics, seems still falling and running behind as the conceptual issues and practical implications of usability are concerned. In this study, it was found that rapid growth of mobile applications through SMS increases in a significant way in developing countries particularly in Bangladesh. Public satisfaction was highly shown in mobile health services through SMS. In our paper, usability has been analytically investigated throughout a simulated health oriented action setting and against a prototype of SMS based health services in Bangladesh, and several provoking conclusions in terms of “rethinking usability” applied to academic actions and decision making have been derived. Various health institutes can be influenced by this study to challenge existing difficulties against usability potential. Keywords: ICT, mHealth, Mobile applications, SMS, Usability
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An agent-based model to assess coronavirus disease 19 spread and health syst...IJECEIAES
The present pandemic has tremendously raised the health systems’ burden around the globe. It is important to understand the transmission dynamics of the infection and impose localized strategies across different geographies to curtail the spread of the infection. The present study was designed to assess the transmission dynamics and the health systems’ burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using an agent-based modeling (ABM) approach. The study used a synthetic population with 31,738,240 agents representing 90.67 percent of the overall population of Telangana, India. The effects of imposing and lifting lockdowns, nonpharmaceutical interventions, and the role of immunity were analyzed. The distribution of people in different health states was measured separately for each district of Telangana. The spread dramatically increased and reached a peak soon after the lockdowns were relaxed. It was evident that is the protection offered is higher when a higher proportion of the population is exposed to the interventions. ABMs help to analyze grassroots details compared to compartmental models. Risk estimates provide insights on the proportion of the population protected by the adoption of one or more of the control measures, which is of practical significance for policymaking.
Mapping the Risk-Utility Landscape of Mobile Data for Sustainable Development...UN Global Pulse
The goal of this project was to determine the relationship between privacy risk and data utility when using aggregated mobile data for policy planning and crisis response. The project assessed these factors for transportation planning and pandemic control using expert surveys and privacy risk analyses of anonymized call detail records. Results showed that privacy risk and utility have a complex relationship that depends on data context and use. Nevertheless, re-identification risk remains when applying mobile data for public good. The project lays the groundwork for evidence-based standards and frameworks to ensure proportionality between privacy risk and risk of harm from failure to use mobile data.
The goal of this project was to determine the relationship between privacy risk and data utility when using aggregated mobile data for policy planning and crisis response. The project assessed these factors for transportation planning and pandemic control using simulated mobile call data. Experts in these domains evaluated the utility of various aggregation levels for their work. Re-identification risk was also measured for each data set. Results showed that while aggregation reduced risk, it also reduced utility, and this relationship varied by context and purpose. The project aims to help develop evidence-based standards for using mobile data proportionately based on balancing privacy risk and social benefits. Further research is needed applying this methodology to more scenarios and experts to better understand how data aggregation can enable use of mobile data for public
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Prevalence of Nomophobia and Knowledge and ...ijtsrd
A descriptive study to assess the prevalence of nomophobia and knowledge and effect of using smartphone among college students in Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, with a View to develop an information booklet was conducted with the objectives To assess the prevalence of nomophobia among college students, to assess the knowledge level regarding smartphone use among college students, to assess effect of using smartphones among college students, to find the association between level of Nomophobia among college students with their selected demographic variables, to find the association between level of knowledge regarding smartphone among college students with their selected demographic variables, to find out the correlation between level of nomophobia and effect of using mobile phone among college students, to find out the correlation between level of knowledge and effect of using mobile phone among college students.Conceptual framework selected for this study is based on health belief model developed by Rosenstock, Becker and Miama in 1988. It is developed to address non compliance with health screening programs, mostly concerning disease prevention. Three key components were identified as influential aspects towards an individual’s likelihood to following health recommendations.An exploratory research approach with descriptive research design was adopted tor the study. Sample size were 250 college students of District Fatehgarh Saheb Punjab. Colleges are selected convenient by lottery method. Data was collected through nomophobia scale, knowledge questionnaire and checklist. Major findings shows that majority 140 56.06 of samples has moderate level of Nomophobia. 203 81.20 of samples have good knowledge level regarding smartphone, 29 11.6 have poor knowledge level. Majority 188 75.29 of samples has moderate level of effect on their life due to smartphone use, 49 19.6 have mild level of effect.There is significant association between level of nomophobia of samples with years of using mobile phone and there is also a significant association between level of nomophobia of samples with their frequent reason of using mobile phone.The association between level of knowledge of samples with their age is significant at 0.05 level of significance and the association between level of knowledge of samples with their educational level is significant at 0.05 level of significance. There is a positive correlation between levels of nomophobia and effects of using smartphone among college students. There is a negative correlation between levels of knowledge and effects of using smartphone among college students.Recommendations were that a similar study can be conducted among students of other stream and with different usage pattern of smartphone. Shailja Gautam | Mr. Deepak K. Shandilya | Ms. Lovesampuranjot Kaur "A Descriptive Study to Assess the Prevalence of Nomophobia and Knowledge and Effect of using Smartphone among College Students of Desh Bhagat University Mandi
Environmental based prevention model on the dengue haemorhagic fever dissemi...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses an environmental prevention model for dengue hemorrhagic fever dissemination in DKI Jakarta Province.
2) Key factors that contribute to the spread of dengue according to the analysis are law enforcement, community monitoring and empowerment, development of anti-mosquito plant cultivation, and popularizing a culture of clean and healthy living.
3) The highest priority factor is law enforcement, followed by community monitoring and empowerment, development of anti-mosquito plant cultivation, and popularizing a culture of clean and healthy living.
This document summarizes an article that introduces an explainable machine learning framework to predict COVID-19 vaccination uptake using sociodemographic and socioeconomic data from 182 countries. A random forest regression model was trained and performed better than the baseline decision tree model. Feature importance analysis using impurity, permutation, and Shapley values found that electrification coverage and GDP were the strongest predictors of higher uptake, while the Fragile State Index predicted lower uptake. The findings suggest addressing issues related to lower uptake to combat future public health crises.
Social Media Datasets for Analysis and Modeling Drug Usageijtsrd
This paper based on the research carried out in the area of data mining depends for managing bulk amount of data with mining in social media on using composite applications for performing more sophisticated analysis. Enhancement of social media may address this need. The objective of this paper is to introduce such type of tool which used in social network to characterised Medicine Usage. This paper outlined a structured approach to analyse social media in order to capture emerging trends in medicine abuse by applying powerful methods like Machine Learning. This paper describes how to fetch important data for analysis from social network. Then big data techniques to extract useful content for analysis are discussed. Sindhu S. B | Dr. B. N Veerappa "Social Media Datasets for Analysis and Modeling Drug Usage" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25246.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/25246/social-media-datasets-for-analysis-and-modeling-drug-usage/sindhu-s-b
Fattori - 50 abstracts of e patient. In collaborazione con Monica DaghioGiuseppe Fattori
This document contains summaries of 50 abstracts related to e-patients and social media. Some key points:
1) Participatory surveillance of hypoglycemia in an online diabetes social network found high rates of hypoglycemic events and related harms like daily worry and withdrawal from activities. Engagement was also high.
2) Analysis of self-reported Parkinson's disease symptom data from an online platform found short-term dynamics like fluctuations exceeding clinically important differences that add to understanding of disease progression.
3) Examination of influential cancer patients on Twitter found most tweets focused on support rather than medical information, indicating its role in online patient community and support.
DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN DISEASE USING DEEP LEARNINGIRJET Journal
This document discusses a research paper that aims to detect and classify skin diseases using deep learning techniques. It presents the motivation for developing such a system by highlighting limitations in manual diagnosis. The proposed system uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to analyze dermatological images and classify common skin diseases like melanoma, nevus, and seborrheic keratosis. By training models like InceptionV3 and AlexNet on a dataset of 938 skin disease images, the system is able to achieve 70-80% accuracy in classifying different conditions. The system aims to provide a preliminary diagnosis to help reduce costs and safety risks associated with in-person dermatologist consultations.
ONLINE FUZZY-LOGIC KNOWLEDGE WAREHOUSING AND MINING MODEL FOR THE DIAGNOSIS A...ijcsity
This document presents a model for an online fuzzy-logic knowledge warehousing and mining system for diagnosing and treating HIV/AIDS. The system would store patient data and medical knowledge about HIV/AIDS. It uses fuzzy logic and data mining to predict HIV/AIDS status, monitor patient health over time, and determine recommended treatment plans. The system was tested on real patient data from a hospital in Nigeria. It aims to provide an efficient way to diagnose, treat, and monitor people living with HIV/AIDS.
Genetic algorithm to optimization mobility-based dengue mathematical modelIJECEIAES
Implementation of vaccines, mosquito repellents and several Wolbachia schemes have been proposed recently as strategies against dengue. Research showed that the use of vaccine and repellent is highly effective when implemented to individuals who are in area with high transmission rates, while the use of Wolbachia bacteria is strongly effective when implemented in area with low transmission rates. This research is to show a three-strategy combination to cope with the dengue using mathematical model. In dengue mathematical model construction, several parameters are not yet known, therefore a genetic algorithm method was used to estimate dengue model parameters. Numerical simulation results showed that the combination of three strategies were able to reduce the number of infected humans. The dynamic of the human population with the combination of three strategies on average was able to reduce the infected human population by 45.2% in immobility aspect. Furthermore, the mobility aspect in dengue model was presented by reviewing two areas; Yogyakarta and Semarang in Indonesia. The numerical solutions showed that the trend graph was almost similar between the two areas. With the maximum effort given, the combination control values decreased slowly until the 100th day.
Square transposition: an approach to the transposition process in block cipherjournalBEEI
The transposition process is needed in cryptography to create a diffusion effect on data encryption standard (DES) and advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithms as standard information security algorithms by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The problem with DES and AES algorithms is that their transposition index values form patterns and do not form random values. This condition will certainly make it easier for a cryptanalyst to look for a relationship between ciphertexts because some processes are predictable. This research designs a transposition algorithm called square transposition. Each process uses square 8 × 8 as a place to insert and retrieve 64-bits. The determination of the pairing of the input scheme and the retrieval scheme that have unequal flow is an important factor in producing a good transposition. The square transposition can generate random and non-pattern indices so that transposition can be done better than DES and AES.
Hyper-parameter optimization of convolutional neural network based on particl...journalBEEI
The document proposes using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the hyperparameters of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for image classification. The PSO algorithm is used to find optimal values for CNN hyperparameters like the number and size of convolutional filters. In experiments on the MNIST handwritten digit dataset, the optimized CNN achieved a testing error rate of 0.87%, which is competitive with state-of-the-art models. The proposed approach finds optimized CNN architectures automatically without requiring manual design or encoding strategies during training.
Supervised machine learning based liver disease prediction approach with LASS...journalBEEI
In this contemporary era, the uses of machine learning techniques are increasing rapidly in the field of medical science for detecting various diseases such as liver disease (LD). Around the globe, a large number of people die because of this deadly disease. By diagnosing the disease in a primary stage, early treatment can be helpful to cure the patient. In this research paper, a method is proposed to diagnose the LD using supervised machine learning classification algorithms, namely logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, AdaBoost, KNN, linear discriminant analysis, gradient boosting and support vector machine (SVM). We also deployed a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) feature selection technique on our taken dataset to suggest the most highly correlated attributes of LD. The predictions with 10 fold cross-validation (CV) made by the algorithms are tested in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, precision and f1-score values to forecast the disease. It is observed that the decision tree algorithm has the best performance score where accuracy, precision, sensitivity and f1-score values are 94.295%, 92%, 99% and 96% respectively with the inclusion of LASSO. Furthermore, a comparison with recent studies is shown to prove the significance of the proposed system.
A secure and energy saving protocol for wireless sensor networksjournalBEEI
The research domain for wireless sensor networks (WSN) has been extensively conducted due to innovative technologies and research directions that have come up addressing the usability of WSN under various schemes. This domain permits dependable tracking of a diversity of environments for both military and civil applications. The key management mechanism is a primary protocol for keeping the privacy and confidentiality of the data transmitted among different sensor nodes in WSNs. Since node's size is small; they are intrinsically limited by inadequate resources such as battery life-time and memory capacity. The proposed secure and energy saving protocol (SESP) for wireless sensor networks) has a significant impact on the overall network life-time and energy dissipation. To encrypt sent messsages, the SESP uses the public-key cryptography’s concept. It depends on sensor nodes' identities (IDs) to prevent the messages repeated; making security goals- authentication, confidentiality, integrity, availability, and freshness to be achieved. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed approach produced better energy consumption and network life-time compared to LEACH protocol; sensors are dead after 900 rounds in the proposed SESP protocol. While, in the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) scheme, the sensors are dead after 750 rounds.
Plant leaf identification system using convolutional neural networkjournalBEEI
This paper proposes a leaf identification system using convolutional neural network (CNN). This proposed system can identify five types of local Malaysia leaf which were acacia, papaya, cherry, mango and rambutan. By using CNN from deep learning, the network is trained from the database that acquired from leaf images captured by mobile phone for image classification. ResNet-50 was the architecture has been used for neural networks image classification and training the network for leaf identification. The recognition of photographs leaves requested several numbers of steps, starting with image pre-processing, feature extraction, plant identification, matching and testing, and finally extracting the results achieved in MATLAB. Testing sets of the system consists of 3 types of images which were white background, and noise added and random background images. Finally, interfaces for the leaf identification system have developed as the end software product using MATLAB app designer. As a result, the accuracy achieved for each training sets on five leaf classes are recorded above 98%, thus recognition process was successfully implemented.
Customized moodle-based learning management system for socially disadvantaged...journalBEEI
This study aims to develop Moodle-based LMS with customized learning content and modified user interface to facilitate pedagogical processes during covid-19 pandemic and investigate how teachers of socially disadvantaged schools perceived usability and technology acceptance. Co-design process was conducted with two activities: 1) need assessment phase using an online survey and interview session with the teachers and 2) the development phase of the LMS. The system was evaluated by 30 teachers from socially disadvantaged schools for relevance to their distance learning activities. We employed computer software usability questionnaire (CSUQ) to measure perceived usability and the technology acceptance model (TAM) with insertion of 3 original variables (i.e., perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use) and 5 external variables (i.e., attitude toward the system, perceived interaction, self-efficacy, user interface design, and course design). The average CSUQ rating exceeded 5.0 of 7 point-scale, indicated that teachers agreed that the information quality, interaction quality, and user interface quality were clear and easy to understand. TAM results concluded that the LMS design was judged to be usable, interactive, and well-developed. Teachers reported an effective user interface that allows effective teaching operations and lead to the system adoption in immediate time.
Understanding the role of individual learner in adaptive and personalized e-l...journalBEEI
Dynamic learning environment has emerged as a powerful platform in a modern e-learning system. The learning situation that constantly changing has forced the learning platform to adapt and personalize its learning resources for students. Evidence suggested that adaptation and personalization of e-learning systems (APLS) can be achieved by utilizing learner modeling, domain modeling, and instructional modeling. In the literature of APLS, questions have been raised about the role of individual characteristics that are relevant for adaptation. With several options, a new problem has been raised where the attributes of students in APLS often overlap and are not related between studies. Therefore, this study proposed a list of learner model attributes in dynamic learning to support adaptation and personalization. The study was conducted by exploring concepts from the literature selected based on the best criteria. Then, we described the results of important concepts in student modeling and provided definitions and examples of data values that researchers have used. Besides, we also discussed the implementation of the selected learner model in providing adaptation in dynamic learning.
Prototype mobile contactless transaction system in traditional markets to sup...journalBEEI
1) Researchers developed a prototype contactless transaction system using QR codes and digital payments to support physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in traditional markets.
2) The system allows sellers and buyers in traditional markets to conduct fast, secure transactions via smartphones without direct cash exchange. Buyers scan sellers' QR codes to view product details and make e-wallet payments.
3) Testing showed the system's functions worked properly and users found it easy to use and useful for supporting contactless transactions and digital transformation of traditional markets. However, further development is needed to increase trust in digital payments for users unfamiliar with the technology.
Wireless HART stack using multiprocessor technique with laxity algorithmjournalBEEI
The use of a real-time operating system is required for the demarcation of industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) stacks (RTOS). In the industrial world, a vast number of sensors are utilised to gather various types of data. The data gathered by the sensors cannot be prioritised ahead of time. Because all of the information is equally essential. As a result, a protocol stack is employed to guarantee that data is acquired and processed fairly. In IWSN, the protocol stack is implemented using RTOS. The data collected from IWSN sensor nodes is processed using non-preemptive scheduling and the protocol stack, and then sent in parallel to the IWSN's central controller. The real-time operating system (RTOS) is a process that occurs between hardware and software. Packets must be sent at a certain time. It's possible that some packets may collide during transmission. We're going to undertake this project to get around this collision. As a prototype, this project is divided into two parts. The first uses RTOS and the LPC2148 as a master node, while the second serves as a standard data collection node to which sensors are attached. Any controller may be used in the second part, depending on the situation. Wireless HART allows two nodes to communicate with each other.
Implementation of double-layer loaded on octagon microstrip yagi antennajournalBEEI
This document describes the implementation of a double-layer structure on an octagon microstrip yagi antenna (OMYA) to improve its performance at 5.8 GHz. The double-layer consists of two double positive (DPS) substrates placed above the OMYA. Simulation and experimental results show that the double-layer configuration increases the gain of the OMYA by 2.5 dB compared to without the double-layer. The measured bandwidth of the OMYA with double-layer is 14.6%, indicating the double-layer can increase both the gain and bandwidth of the OMYA.
The calculation of the field of an antenna located near the human headjournalBEEI
In this work, a numerical calculation was carried out in one of the universal programs for automatic electro-dynamic design. The calculation is aimed at obtaining numerical values for specific absorbed power (SAR). It is the SAR value that can be used to determine the effect of the antenna of a wireless device on biological objects; the dipole parameters will be selected for GSM1800. Investigation of the influence of distance to a cell phone on radiation shows that absorbed in the head of a person the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the brain decreases by three times this is a very important result the SAR value has decreased by almost three times it is acceptable results.
Exact secure outage probability performance of uplinkdownlink multiple access...journalBEEI
In this paper, we study uplink-downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems by considering the secure performance at the physical layer. In the considered system model, the base station acts a relay to allow two users at the left side communicate with two users at the right side. By considering imperfect channel state information (CSI), the secure performance need be studied since an eavesdropper wants to overhear signals processed at the downlink. To provide secure performance metric, we derive exact expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) and and evaluating the impacts of main parameters on SOP metric. The important finding is that we can achieve the higher secrecy performance at high signal to noise ratio (SNR). Moreover, the numerical results demonstrate that the SOP tends to a constant at high SNR. Finally, our results show that the power allocation factors, target rates are main factors affecting to the secrecy performance of considered uplink-downlink NOMA systems.
Design of a dual-band antenna for energy harvesting applicationjournalBEEI
This report presents an investigation on how to improve the current dual-band antenna to enhance the better result of the antenna parameters for energy harvesting application. Besides that, to develop a new design and validate the antenna frequencies that will operate at 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz. At 5.4 GHz, more data can be transmitted compare to 2.4 GHz. However, 2.4 GHz has long distance of radiation, so it can be used when far away from the antenna module compare to 5 GHz that has short distance in radiation. The development of this project includes the scope of designing and testing of antenna using computer simulation technology (CST) 2018 software and vector network analyzer (VNA) equipment. In the process of designing, fundamental parameters of antenna are being measured and validated, in purpose to identify the better antenna performance.
Transforming data-centric eXtensible markup language into relational database...journalBEEI
eXtensible markup language (XML) appeared internationally as the format for data representation over the web. Yet, most organizations are still utilising relational databases as their database solutions. As such, it is crucial to provide seamless integration via effective transformation between these database infrastructures. In this paper, we propose XML-REG to bridge these two technologies based on node-based and path-based approaches. The node-based approach is good to annotate each positional node uniquely, while the path-based approach provides summarised path information to join the nodes. On top of that, a new range labelling is also proposed to annotate nodes uniquely by ensuring the structural relationships are maintained between nodes. If a new node is to be added to the document, re-labelling is not required as the new label will be assigned to the node via the new proposed labelling scheme. Experimental evaluations indicated that the performance of XML-REG exceeded XMap, XRecursive, XAncestor and Mini-XML concerning storing time, query retrieval time and scalability. This research produces a core framework for XML to relational databases (RDB) mapping, which could be adopted in various industries.
Key performance requirement of future next wireless networks (6G)journalBEEI
The document provides an overview of the key performance indicators (KPIs) for 6G wireless networks compared to 5G networks. Some of the major KPIs discussed for 6G include: achieving data rates of up to 1 Tbps and individual user data rates up to 100 Gbps; reducing latency below 10 milliseconds; supporting up to 10 million connected devices per square kilometer; improving spectral efficiency by up to 100 times through technologies like terahertz communications and smart surfaces; and achieving an energy efficiency of 1 pico-joule per bit transmitted through techniques like wireless power transmission and energy harvesting. The document outlines how 6G aims to integrate terrestrial, aerial and maritime communications into a single network to provide ubiquitous connectivity with higher
Noise resistance territorial intensity-based optical flow using inverse confi...journalBEEI
This paper presents the use of the inverse confidential technique on bilateral function with the territorial intensity-based optical flow to prove the effectiveness in noise resistance environment. In general, the image’s motion vector is coded by the technique called optical flow where the sequences of the image are used to determine the motion vector. But, the accuracy rate of the motion vector is reduced when the source of image sequences is interfered by noises. This work proved that the inverse confidential technique on bilateral function can increase the percentage of accuracy in the motion vector determination by the territorial intensity-based optical flow under the noisy environment. We performed the testing with several kinds of non-Gaussian noises at several patterns of standard image sequences by analyzing the result of the motion vector in a form of the error vector magnitude (EVM) and compared it with several noise resistance techniques in territorial intensity-based optical flow method.
Modeling climate phenomenon with software grids analysis and display system i...journalBEEI
This study aims to model climate change based on rainfall, air temperature, pressure, humidity and wind with grADS software and create a global warming module. This research uses 3D model, define, design, and develop. The results of the modeling of the five climate elements consist of the annual average temperature in Indonesia in 2009-2015 which is between 29oC to 30.1oC, the horizontal distribution of the annual average pressure in Indonesia in 2009-2018 is between 800 mBar to 1000 mBar, the horizontal distribution the average annual humidity in Indonesia in 2009 and 2011 ranged between 27-57, in 2012-2015, 2017 and 2018 it ranged between 30-60, during the East Monsoon, the wind circulation moved from northern Indonesia to the southern region Indonesia. During the west monsoon, the wind circulation moves from the southern part of Indonesia to the northern part of Indonesia. The global warming module for SMA/MA produced is feasible to use, this is in accordance with the value given by the validate of 69 which is in the appropriate category and the response of teachers and students through a 91% questionnaire.
An approach of re-organizing input dataset to enhance the quality of emotion ...journalBEEI
The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach of re-organizing input data to recognize emotion based on short signal segments and increase the quality of emotional recognition using physiological signals. MIT's long physiological signal set was divided into two new datasets, with shorter and overlapped segments. Three different classification methods (support vector machine, random forest, and multilayer perceptron) were implemented to identify eight emotional states based on statistical features of each segment in these two datasets. By re-organizing the input dataset, the quality of recognition results was enhanced. The random forest shows the best classification result among three implemented classification methods, with an accuracy of 97.72% for eight emotional states, on the overlapped dataset. This approach shows that, by re-organizing the input dataset, the high accuracy of recognition results can be achieved without the use of EEG and ECG signals.
Parking detection system using background subtraction and HSV color segmentationjournalBEEI
Manual system vehicle parking makes finding vacant parking lots difficult, so it has to check directly to the vacant space. If many people do parking, then the time needed for it is very much or requires many people to handle it. This research develops a real-time parking system to detect parking. The system is designed using the HSV color segmentation method in determining the background image. In addition, the detection process uses the background subtraction method. Applying these two methods requires image preprocessing using several methods such as grayscaling, blurring (low-pass filter). In addition, it is followed by a thresholding and filtering process to get the best image in the detection process. In the process, there is a determination of the ROI to determine the focus area of the object identified as empty parking. The parking detection process produces the best average accuracy of 95.76%. The minimum threshold value of 255 pixels is 0.4. This value is the best value from 33 test data in several criteria, such as the time of capture, composition and color of the vehicle, the shape of the shadow of the object’s environment, and the intensity of light. This parking detection system can be implemented in real-time to determine the position of an empty place.
Quality of service performances of video and voice transmission in universal ...journalBEEI
The universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) has distinct benefits in that it supports a wide range of quality of service (QoS) criteria that users require in order to fulfill their requirements. The transmission of video and audio in real-time applications places a high demand on the cellular network, therefore QoS is a major problem in these applications. The ability to provide QoS in the UMTS backbone network necessitates an active QoS mechanism in order to maintain the necessary level of convenience on UMTS networks. For UMTS networks, investigation models for end-to-end QoS, total transmitted and received data, packet loss, and throughput providing techniques are run and assessed and the simulation results are examined. According to the results, appropriate QoS adaption allows for specific voice and video transmission. Finally, by analyzing existing QoS parameters, the QoS performance of 4G/UMTS networks may be improved.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
LLM Fine Tuning with QLoRA Cassandra Lunch 4, presented by Anant
Predicting the misconception of dengue disease based on the awareness survey
1. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Vol. 9, No. 4, August 2020, pp. 1631~1637
ISSN: 2302-9285, DOI: 10.11591/eei.v9i4.2390 1631
Journal homepage: http://beei.org
Predicting the misconception of dengue disease based on
the awareness survey
Abrar Noor Akramin Kamarudin1
, Zurinahni Zainol2
, Nur Faeza Abu Kassim3
1,2
School of Computer Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
3
School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
3
Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Nov 20, 2019
Revised Mar 29, 2020
Accepted Apr 3, 2020
Mosquito-borne disease such as dengue fever is a pervasive public health
problem around the world and further investigation is needed to rectify
the misunderstanding of the disease among communities. This requires
a personalized information delivery, which will effectively fix the problem.
The process of personalizing information requires several major steps:
(i) determine the attributes which will be used to interpret a person,
(ii) selects an algorithm which will accurately and efficiently classify the person
according to the retrieved background information, and (iii) recommends
the correct information to rectify the particular misunderstanding.
This research paper considers the first two steps. First, data regarding
the knowledge, attitudes and prevention practices are determined from
the established literature where some variables give a significant impact on
the predictive model. In the second step, five performed machine learning
algorithms were tested for the classification task. The result indicates that the use
of support vector machine and decision tree algorithms provide the best
performance in classifying the person’s understanding regarding the dengue fever.
Keywords:
Attitudes
Awareness survey
Dengue
Machine learning
Misconception prediction
Personalization
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Zurinahni Zainol,
School of Computer Science,
Universiti Sains Malaysia,
11800 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia.
Email: zuri@usm.my
1. INTRODUCTION
The rate of mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) outbreak is always increased every time the seasons
change due to various factors such as socioeconomic and environmental changes, socio-geographical,
imported cases and human movement patterns [1, 2]. All of the elements can continue the mosquito propagation
and increase the difficulties of controlling the MBDs as predicting the future consequences in a changing
environment demands a greater understanding of the array of biological and environmental features [3].
Current MBDs outbreak prediction systems were developed based on environmental factors such as flood,
types of building, daily mean temperature, daily rainfall and vegetation index [4-7]. House Index and Breteau
Index features were also often included in the predictive model to denote the risk areas [8]. Most studies have
proven that climate change gives a significant impact on the increasing risk of dengue cases by using a data
mining classification algorithm [9, 10]. Obtaining such data requires constant observation around the hotspot
area, but, the environmental monitoring system alone still cannot decrease the infection of dengue virus [1].
To improve the prediction framework, the morbidity rate forecasting works better when the vectors
like Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus female mosquitoes and larvae index were selected as parameters as
2. ISSN:2302-9285
Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 9, No. 4, August 2020 : 1631 – 1637
1632
reported in [11]. Thus, this generates an idea to include the attributes based on the human behaviors
regarding the MBDs as in [12-18] and put it into the predictive model to classify one’s misconception in
a personalized e-learning system. This research proposes the human knowledge, attitudes and preventive
practices to be included in the machine learning approach in order to identify and provide a simple MBDs
awareness program in a personalized e-learning environment. The proposed predictive framework for
the personalized e-learning environment is illustrated in Figure 1.
Individual
Self Awareness
Fogging
Frequency
Cleaning
Practices
Preventive
Practices
Predictive
Model
Classification
Recommend
MBD-based
information
Personalized E-Learning Environment
Self-Protection
Practices
Figure 1. A predictive system to classify the user’s misconception of MBDs
in a personalized e-learning environment
To curb the MBDs particularly in hotspot areas, it is important to ensure that members of the public
have adequate awareness through effective educational intervention. Social media usage such as Facebook
and Twitter were the preferred source of dengue information among the public [19]. Health stakeholders
of many countries often tweet and create a special posting to announce the epidemic outbreak of dengue in
certain areas. This includes how to control the endemic and to provide early information about disease
detection to the public. However, accessing such information might be hard for the people who lived in
the rural and remote areas. Relevant MBDs-based information can be recommended to mold positive
attitudes and educate the best preventive practices among the children. For instance, personal attributes and
environmental factors such as region, specific location features and climate contexts were used in [20]
to predict the human's risk of contracting infectious diseases. While in [21], an application is also made for
the user to submit the information related to mosquito prevalence (e.g. felt, seen, bitten, heard mosquitoes).
The public also can report the presence of Aedes that is a vector mosquito at the current location immediately
and report dengue cases in the household or surrounding communities. This open application requires active
citizen engagement and combined with other data, such as ovitrap egg counts and micro-climate data to
propose the stakeholders proactively in disease prevention, control and education. However, the application
might faces underreport when there is no participation from the people at certain places.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
Dengue knowledge, attitudes, and practices surveys have been conducted frequently to describe
the communities’ prevention towards the disease. It is expected that the knowledge of dengue and Aedes is
high among the public due to the good risk practices for dengue and good risk perception that have been
promoted through mainstream media and in education. An online community-based survey was carried out
on the 1st September 2018 until 10th December 2018 with 640 respondents of the Malaysian public aged
7 years old and above. The questionnaire is posted and shared in a few Malaysian Facebook science-based
pages and other groups.
The self-administered structured questionnaire covered all aspects of demographic profiles include
gender, age, marital status, education level, and housing type. Concerning the awareness of the dengue issue,
the participants need to answer general knowledge of mosquitoes such as the mosquito’s breeding sites,
mosquito’s prevention method and mosquito’s active biting time. Concerning to the awareness of dengue
presence and prevention practices, the participants were asked to provide information regarding the fogging
frequency in their living area. The fogging activity, in this context, was interpreted as their location might be
a hotspot area or not. This follows a section on thirteen questions in the True/False setup relevant to
cleanliness, trash management, water reservoir management and mosquito repellant usage. The logical flow
3. Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf ISSN: 2302-9285
Predicting the misconception of dengue disease based on… (Abrar Noor Akramin Kamarudin)
1633
of the questionnaire culminated as a part of the action by the study participants associated with the general
knowledge of mosquito behavior.
The online survey is the fastest way to collect data as respondents’ backgrounds are varied while
keeping their anonymity. The items on the questionnaire were adapted from previously validated instruments
with some modifications to meet the research objective. Close-ended questions are used to enhance
the simplicity and easiness of analysis. Respondents just need to choose the best answer according to their
existing knowledge.
Both descriptive analysis and machine learning were used in the experiment. Descriptive analysis
was utilized to summarize the socio-demographic such as age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, highest
education and type of residence. The machine learning algorithms were tested on 18 attributes of individual
knowledge, attitudes and practices such as cleanliness; waste management; clogged drains and stagnant water
handling; aerosol spray or mosquito repellent usage; cloth types and color usage, and the misconception
of mosquito’s breeding site, mosquito’s active bite time and dengue disease transmission. Table 1 described
the selected features that are found relevant to the proposed framework.
Table 1. Selected features mapping to the personalized e-learning environment
No. Features Importance
1. Aware of the Aedes mosquitoes presence within the living area To promote mosquito control practices through
educational programs where strategies related to
environmental management can be developed for
mosquito control when there is an appearance of it.
2. Fogging in housing area frequency To identify the availability of stagnant water that are
not disposed of properly or taken care of by the
communities as a potential breeding site.
3. Cleaning the area around the house To identify the practices of cleaning where everyone
lived in a different area and they might have a
different set of attitudes and practices of the cleaning
habit.
4. Dumping trash in the right place
5. Dumping trash that can hold water in the right place
6. Cleaning the drains or clogged waterways frequency
7. Closed or discarded water reservoir before a long vacation To identify the level of preventive practices where
different demographics might have a different type
of water management in their living space.
8. Checking larvae at the water reservoir
9. Putting Abate/chemicals in water reservoirs to avoid larvae
10. Wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants to prevent mosquito bites To identify the level of self-protection practices as
the smallest effort that can be done to avoid
mosquito’s bite.
11. Using mosquito repellents such as liquids, coils, or trap in the living area
12. Using an aerosol spray to disperse mosquitoes in the dark area
13. Wearing bright colored clothes to avoid mosquito bites
14. Sleeping in the mosquito net
15. Applying mosquito repellent cream on the body
The machine learning algorithms training and testing were performed by using WEKA application,
a data mining application developed at the University of Waikato in New Zealand. Different kinds of
predictive models were built and the forecasting performances of those models were evaluated.
The algorithms used in the model building are support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), Logistic
regression (LR), naïve bayes (NB) algorithm and artificial neural network (ANN). Tenfold cross-validation
technique was utilized to obtain the accuracy of each algorithm in classification. Such classification
algorithms comparison had been done to predict the chronic kidney disease (CKD) where naïve bayes
performs the highest accuracy [22].
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
There are 640 respondents who administered the online survey. When the gender ratio is concerned,
the relative proportion of females respondents was higher (80%) when compared with male participants
Table 2. 76.4% of the respondents are aged 18 to 40 years old, 12.5% aged 7 to 17 years old and 11.1% aged
more than 40 years old where more than 60% of them are married. The largest number of the respondents is
coming from the Malay ethnic group (93.1%) followed by others (Chinese, Indian, Dusun, Kadazan,
Melanau, Bidayuh, Brunei, and Iban). Most of the respondents have attained tertiary education (73.5%)
followed by secondary school (26%) and primary school (0.5%). This illustrates that most respondents are
well educated and should have minimal knowledge of MBDs especially dengue fever. It is also found that
most of the respondents lived in a terrace or a twin house (43.7%).
Amongst the survey participants, 91.9% of respondents declare that they are aware of the presence
of Aedes mosquitoes in their area shown in Table 2. When asked about the frequency of fogging in their
residential area, more than 10% of respondents reported that it always happens in their place. Over 50%
of respondents described that their house has medium to many plants, and near 70% of them are living out
of the urban area.
4. ISSN:2302-9285
Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 9, No. 4, August 2020 : 1631 – 1637
1634
Table 2. Demographic information about participants surveyed
Characteristics N %
Sex
Female 512 80
Male 128 20
Age (range)
7-17 80 12.5
18-40 489 76.4
41+ 71 11.1
Marital Status
Married 409 63.9
Single 231 36.1
Ethnicity
Malay 591 93.1
Others 49 6.9
Highest education
Primary school 3 0.5
Secondary school 166 26
Tertiary education 470 73.5
Types of residence
Flat/Apartment/Condo 168 26.3
Terrace/Twin House 280 43.7
Bungalow/Village house 192 30
The majorities of people surveyed have never experienced dengue fever; however, near 20% of them
have gone through it before. It is found that 18% of respondents did not clean the area around their house and
there might be a correlation to the rise of the dengue fever. Furthermore, it is also reported that the prevention
practices among the respondents were very high, where 98.9% of them throw the trash in the right place.
It is found that more than 80% of respondents were disposing of the rubbish that can hold water in
the right place; ensure the water reservoir is closed or discarded before a long vacation, and; always check
the water reservoir to avoid larvae. Additionally, the number of other characteristics has varied where near
30% respondents have never cleaned the drains or clogged waterways; 28% of them did not use an aerosol
spray to disperse mosquitoes at dark area; near 40% respondents did not use mosquito repellent such as
liquids, coils, or trap in their living area; and only 25% respondents put abate or chemicals in water reservoirs
to avoid mosquito larvae. Furthermore, near half of respondents wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants to
prevent mosquito bites and wear bright-colored clothing to prevent mosquito bites. Only 3.9% of respondents
used a mosquito net for sleeping and 11.4% apply the mosquito repellent cream to their body.
Although 91.1% of respondents declared that they were aware of the Aedes mosquito’s appearance,
there were 67% of respondents who cannot answer the three questions correctly as illustrated in Table 3.
Thus, they are classified as having a misconception of the MBDs issue. The previous study shows the majority
of respondents just finished secondary school and only 54.6% of them have a high level of knowledge
regarding the dengue infections [15]. This result indicates that the current number of misconceptions is very
high among the public although they are highly educated. Respondents might think they have sufficient
knowledge regarding the dengue through the information they obtained from the television, newspaper, radio,
social media, and awareness campaign, but that might not comprehend or half delivered where more than half
of them are found unable to answer the questions correctly. Therefore, it is very important for the education
stakeholders to include the prediction system into their e-learning system to identify the target users and increase
their MBDs awareness in a personalized manner.
In order to correctly identify a person’s understanding regarding the MBDs issue, the performance
of selected machine learning algorithms was evaluated. The selected algorithms will be used for training
and testing to classify the person whether they need further intervention based on the 18 features as listed in
Tables 3 and 4. The true-positive (TP) rate, false-positive (FP) rate, precision, recall, F-measure, and time
took to build the classifier are presented in Table 5 for each algorithm. It is found that the SVM and DT
are the most precise algorithms to classify the person’s misunderstanding with the precision of 0.994
and 0.008 false-positive rate. However, DT took lesser time than SVM to classify due to the input type
was categorical and not continuous. Surprisingly, ANN performs inferior to the logistic regression model as
the model-building process is less complicated for logistic regression, and may be considered not worthy
of the artificial neural networks. In fact, the ANN model can be seen as nonlinear generalizations of logistic
regression, and thus at least as powerful as that model which in this case, it was not significantly better to use
neural networks.
Based on the result, the DT algorithm is found suitable to be used in the predictive model to support
the objective of the research. Traditional dengue fever classification by using Naïve Bayes algorithm has
5. Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf ISSN: 2302-9285
Predicting the misconception of dengue disease based on… (Abrar Noor Akramin Kamarudin)
1635
been conducted in [23] to identify positive or negative results, based on several attributes such as fever,
bleeding, flu, myalgia, and other symptoms with the precision of 0.92. As in [24], the DT algorithm has been
used to predict patients with severe dengue that may warrant admission based on several variables
(e.g. vomiting, pleural effusion, and systolic blood pressure) which return precision rate up to 0.81. It is also has
been used in [25] to propose a patient-monitoring plan and outpatient management of fever in resource-poor
settings by using the clinical features and laboratory indicators to identify the severity of the dengue cases.
A study suggests the increase of knowledge through social media can influence the positive attitude
and practices of dengue prevention measures [26]. However, social media alone cannot be personalized to
fulfill the criteria as human attitude regarding the MBDs was not taken into consideration. This study is
proposing the misconception of the disease can be identified among the public in the form of a quiz upon
using the e-learning system. Once the system obtained enough information regarding the user’s awareness
background, it will analyze and personalized the relevant information regarding the MBDs between
the learning sessions. The information is also can be fed directly to the target user, such as the children.
His can be done based on a few rules where the children might be at a very young age of using the Internet or
the children who lived in rural areas. Otherwise, feeding such information to a non-target user will be
wasting the resources. Further investigation is needed to identify the differences of culture, socioeconomic
background, and location which may also contribute to the preventive practices among the children.
Thus, this paper highlights the big opportunity for the health authorities and education stakeholders to
promote such campaigns through e-learning systems or any available open learning platform.
Table 3. Awareness of dengue presence and prevention practices
No. Features N %
1.
I am aware of the presence of Aedes mosquitoes in my area
Yes
No
588
52
91.9
8.1
2.
What is the frequency of fogging in your housing area?
Always
Sometimes
Seldom
None
65
173
280
122
10.2
27
43.8
19.1
3.
I often clean the area around the house
Yes
No
525
115
82
18
4.
I dump trash in the right place
Yes
No
633
7
98.9
1.1
5.
I dump trash that can hold water in the right place
Yes
No
559
81
87.3
12.7
6.
I often clean the drains or clogged waterways
Yes
No
460
180
71.9
28.1
7.
I make sure the water reservoir is closed or discarded before a long vacation
Yes
No
552
88
86.3
13.7
8.
I always use an aerosol spray to disperse mosquitoes in the dark area
Yes
No
461
179
72
28
9.
I always check the water reservoir so there are no larvae
Yes
No
547
93
85.5
14.5
10.
I use mosquito repellents such as liquids, coils, or trap in my living area
Yes
No
395
245
61.7
38.3
11.
I put Abate/chemicals in water reservoirs to avoid larvae
Yes
No
161
479
74.8
25.2
12.
I wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants to prevent mosquito bites
Yes
No
324
316
50.6
49.4
13.
I wear bright colored clothes to avoid mosquito bites
Yes
No
310
330
48.4
51.6
14.
I sleep in the mosquito net
Yes
No
25
615
3.9
96.1
15.
I always apply mosquito repellent cream on my body
Yes
No
73
567
11.4
88.6
6. ISSN:2302-9285
Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 9, No. 4, August 2020 : 1631 – 1637
1636
Table 4. Knowledge of Aedes characteristics
No. Questions N %
1.
I know Aedes mosquito breeding in the following areas:
Stagnant water
Septic tank
Drain with waste
Container with clear water
2.
I know Aedes mosquitoes actively bites at the following times:
Dawn
Afternoon
Evening
Night
3.
How is dengue transmitted?
Mosquito bites
Contaminated and exposed foods
Don’t know
Correctly answer all questions 211 33
Incorrectly answer some/all questions 429 67
Table 5. Performance comparison of the classification algorithms
Algorithms TP rate FP rate Precision Recall F-measure Time taken (second)
NB 0.991 0.009 0.991 0.991 0.991 0.01
LR 0.991 0.012 0.991 0.991 0.991 0.24
ANN 0.986 0.012 0.986 0.986 0.986 6.32
SVM 0.994 0.008 0.994 0.994 0.994 0.16
DT 0.994 0.008 0.994 0.994 0.994 0.05
4. CONCLUSION
Based on the awareness survey, the majority of respondents applied good practices in dengue
preventive measures. An effective prediction model to detect the MBDs misconception is still needed to
identify the communities’ awareness and enhance their knowledge by recommending information about
dengue prevention and early symptom recognition. A predictive system should be embedded to analyze
the user’s behavior and provide personalized information. Several features that have been selected for
the study are found relevant for the proposed framework. This research proposes the Decision Tree algorithm
in the predictive model construction of the online dengue awareness program by taking into account
the human behavior and their current knowledge regarding the MBDs. The research focuses on Aedes
and dengue transmission due to the high number of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever cases in Malaysia
compared to other MBDs. Considerably more work is needed to identify features and causes of other MBDs such
as Malaria, Zika, and Chikungunya including geospatial analysis and environmental factors.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The first author would like to acknowledge the USM Fellowship Scheme for providing a scholarship
to conduct the research.
REFERENCES
[1] R. Jain, S. Sontisirikit, S. Iamsirithaworn, and H. Prendinger, “Prediction of dengue outbreaks based on disease
surveillance, meteorological and socio-economic data,” BMC infectious diseases, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1-16, 2019.
[2] P. E. Parham et al., “Climate, environmental and socio-economic change: Weighing up the balance in vector-borne
disease transmission,” Philosophical Trans. of the Royal Soc. B: Biological Sci., vol. 370, no. 1665, pp. 1-17, 2015.
[3] W. J. Tabachnick, “Challenges in predicting climate and environmental effects on vector-borne disease episystems
in a changing world,” Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 213, no. 6, pp. 946-954, 2010.
[4] S. Deb, C. M. L. Acebedo, G. Dhanapal, and C. M. C. Heng, “An ensemble prediction approach to weekly Dengue
cases forecasting based on climatic and terrain conditions,” J. of Health and Soc. Sci., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 257-272, 2017.
[5] R. Zaki et al., “Public perception and attitude towards dengue prevention activity and response to dengue early
warning in Malaysia,” PLoS One, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1-22, 2019.
[6] M. K. Othman and M. S. N. M. Danuri, “Proposed conceptual framework of dengue active surveillance system (DASS) in
Malaysia,” 2016 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology, pp. 90-96, 2017.
[7] B. Modu, N. Polovina, Y. Lan, S. Konur, A. Asyhari, and Y. Peng, “Towards a predictive analytics-based
intelligent malaria outbreak warning system,” Applied Sciences, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 1-20, 2017.
[8] H. L. Lee et al., “Dengue vector control in Malaysia-challenges and recent advances,” IIUM Medical Journal
Malaysia, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 11-16, 2015.
7. Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf ISSN: 2302-9285
Predicting the misconception of dengue disease based on… (Abrar Noor Akramin Kamarudin)
1637
[9] J. K. Davis, G. Vincent, M. B. Hildreth, L. Kightlinger, C. Carlson, and M. C. Wimberly, “Integrating environmental
monitoring and mosquito surveillance to predict vector-borne disease: Prospective forecasts of a west nile virus outbreak,”
PLoS Currents, vol. 9, 2017.
[10] A. L. V. Sharma, A. Kumar, L. Panat, and G. Karajkhede, “Malaria outbreak prediction model using machine learning,”
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology, vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 4415-4419, 2015.
[11] K. Kesorn et al., “Morbidity rate prediction of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) Using the support vector machine
and the aedes aegypti infection rate in similar climates and geographical areas,” PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 5, 2015.
[12] A. Itrat et al., “Knowledge, awareness and practices regarding dengue fever among the adult population of dengue
hit cosmopolitan,” PloS one, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 1-6, 2008.
[13] M. M. T. Aung et al., “Knowledge, attitude, practices related to dengue fever among rural population in
Terengganu, Malaysia,” Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 15-23, 2016.
[14] S. Boonchutima, K. Kachentawa, M. Limpavithayakul, and A. Prachansri, “Longitudinal study of Thai people
media exposure, knowledge, and behavior on dengue fever prevention and control,” Journal of Infection and Public
Health, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 836-841, 2017.
[15] F. M. Yussof, A. Hassan, T. Zin, T. M. A. R. Hussin, N. Kadarman, and R. Umar, “Knowledge of dengue among students
in universiti sultan zainal abidin (Unisza), Terengganu, Malaysia and the Influence of knowledge of dengue on attitude
and practice,” Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, vol. 2017, no. 2S, pp. 199-216, 2017.
[16] S. Jeelani, S. Sabesan, and S. Subramanian, “Community knowledge, awareness and preventive practices regarding
dengue fever in Puducherry-South India,” Public Health, vol. 129, no. 6, pp. 790-796, 2015.
[17] M. M. Mathania, S. I. Kimera, and R. S. Silayo, “Knowledge and awareness of malaria and mosquito biting behaviour in
selected sites within Morogoro and Dodoma regions Tanzania,” Malaria journal, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2016.
[18] M. Dhimal et al., “Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dengue fever among the healthy population
of highland and lowland communities in Central Nepal,” PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 1-15, 2014.
[19] W. R. W. Rosli, S. A. Rahman, J. K. Parhar, and M. I. Suhaimi, “Positive impact of educational intervention on
knowledge, attitude, and practice towards dengue among university students in Malaysia,” Journal of Public
Health, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 461-471, 2019.
[20] R. A. Vinarti and L. M. Hederman, “A personalized infectious disease risk prediction system,” Expert Systems with
Applications, vol. 131, pp. 266-274, 2019.
[21] A. N. Babu et al., “Smartphone geospatial apps for dengue control, prevention, prediction, and education: MOSapp,
DISapp, and the mosquito perception index (MPI),” Envi. Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 191, no. 2, p. 393, 2019.
[22] Z. Saringat, A. Mustapha, R. D. R. Saedudin, and A. A. Samsudin, “Comparative analysis of classification
algorithms for chronic kidney disease diagnosis,” Bulletin of Elec. Eng. and Inf., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1496-1501, 2019.
[23] K. Shaukat Dar and S. M. Ulya Azmeen, “Dengue fever prediction: A data mining problem,” Journal of Data
Mining in Genomics & Proteomics, vol. 06, no. 3, pp. 1-5, 2015.
[24] J. Tamibmaniam, N. Hussin, W. K. Cheah, K. S. Ng, and P. Muninathan, “Proposal of a clinical decision tree
algorithm using factors associated with severe dengue infection,” PLoS One, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 1-10, 2016.
[25] K. Phakhounthong et al., “Predicting the severity of dengue fever in children on admission based on clinical features
and laboratory indicators: Application of classification tree analysis,” BMC pediatrics, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2018.
[26] W. R. Wan Rosli, S. Abdul Rahman, J. K. Parhar, and M. I. Suhaimi, “Positive impact of educational intervention on
knowledge, attitude, and practice towards dengue among university students in Malaysia,” Journal of Public Health, 2018.
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Abrar Noor Akramin Kamarudin is a Ph.D. student at the School of Computer Science,
Universiti Sains Malaysia. His research is focused on vector-borne disease prediction as well as
personalizing the education for the community.
Zurinahni Zainol is an Associate Professor at the School of Computer Science, Universiti Sains
Malaysia. Her research specialization is Theory of Database Design and Management, XML
Document Schema Design, Data Model, and Software Development using Formal Specification.
Nur Faeza Abu Kassim is an Associate Professor at the School of Biological Science,
Universiti Sains Malaysia. She is an expert in medical and epidemiological entomology. Her
research specialization is mosquito-borne disease & the role of vectors in transmission disease.
Development of the integrated vector management, mosquito control monitoring/surveillance
program, attractant and trapping system.