precolonial before and during

1. Culture in Pre-colonial and
During Colonia period
Presented by
Genn Rod Pranciliso

2. Before Spanish colonization, the Philippines
was a diverse archipelago inhabited by
various indigenous groups with their own
distinct cultures, languages, and traditions.
These groups engaged development social
structures and belief systems.
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Pre-Colonial

3. Spanish colonization of the Philippines began
in the 16th century when explorer Ferdinand
Magellan arrived in 1521. The Spanish
imposed their governance, religion, and
culture on the indigenous population. This led
to significant changes in Filipino society,
including technology, as well as the
establishment of towns and cities.
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Colonial

4. Culture Change After and
During
Colonization
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5. Baybayin is an ancient script used in the Philippines before
the Spanish colonization. The script was primarily used for
writing in Tagalog and other Philippine languages. Baybayin
was historically written on bamboo or palm leaves using a
knife-like instrument called a "pamalo" or "sulat." The term
"baybayin" itself comes from the Tagalog word "baybay,"
which means "to spell" or "to write."
Pre-Colonial period
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Language

6. Under Spanish colonial rule, Spanish was primarily used
by the colonial government, the Catholic Church, and the
elite class. It became the language of governance,
education, and literature. Spanish was also used as a means
of social mobility for Filipinos who wished to advance in
colonial society.
During Colonial period
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Language

7. Houses were made of light materials like
wood, bamboo and nipa palm (bahay-kubo).
A ladder was placed to prevent strangers
from intruding when the owner is not
around. Strong post at the lower part of the
house was enclosed. A jar of heart was
placed in a gallery called “batalan”
Pre-Colonial period
Architecture

8. Bahay na Bato is a traditional Filipino
architectural style characterized by houses
made from a combination of stone or
brick (bato) for the lower level and wood
for the upper level.This style emerged
during the Spanish colonial period in the
Philippines, blending indigenous Filipino
building techniques with Spanish
influence.
Architecture
During Colonial period
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9. The government was called “barangay”
There was no national government.There
were many independent barangay and datus.
But there was no datu strong enough to
unite the archipelago into one nation. Some
barangays, however, united to form a
confederation. It was headed by a ruler
called datu or raja
Pre-Colonial period
GOVERNMENT

10. The Spanish colonial government in the
Philippines was characterized by centralized
authority under the Governor-General, with power
concentrated in the hands of Spanish officials and
the Catholic Church.This system of governance
facilitated Spanish control over the colony and
influenced various aspects of Filipino society and
culture.
GOVERNMENT
During Colonial period
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11. Male clothing – the upper part was a jacket with short sleeves
called “kangan” while the lower part was a strip of cloth wrapped
around the waist and in between the legs called “bahag” Males
used a piece of cloth or a headgear called “putong”
Female – they wore “baro or camisa”, a jacket sleeves.
The lower part was called “saya”.
Pre-Colonial period
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CLOTHING

12. Baro't Saya:This traditional Filipino attire for women consisted of the
"baro" (blouse) and the "saya" (skirt).The baro typically had puffed
sleeves and was made of lightweight materials like piña (pineapple fiber) or
jusi (silk).The saya was a long, ankle-length skirt often made of similar
materials and usually worn with a wide belt or sash around the waist.
BarongTagalog: The barongTagalog is the traditional formal attire for
Filipino men. It is a lightweight, embroidered shirt typically made of piña,
jusi, or cotton.The barongTagalog is often worn untucked over trousers
and paired with dress shoes. It remains a popular formal attire for special
occasions and events in the Philippines.
CLOTHING
During Colonial period
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13. There were sacred animals, which they venerate like white monkey
(manual) and crocodiles. There were also sacred place and sacred
trees, which nobody was allowed to cut down. They also worshiped
sun and moon.
• Bathala – Supreme being
• Idiyanale – God of agriculture
• Sidapa – God of death
• Agni – God of fire
• Balangaw – God of rainbow
• Mandarangan – God of war
• Lalahon – God of harvest
• Siginarugan – God of Hell
They also believed in the immortality
of souls and life after death.
RELIGIOUS BELIEF
Pre-Colonial period

14. The Spanish introduced Catholicism to
the Philippines, converting the indigenous
population to Christianity. Spanish
missionaries, including Franciscans,
Dominicans, and Jesuits, played a crucial
role in spreading the Catholic faith,
establishing churches, and converting
indigenous communities.That belief in
one only God.
RELIGIOUS BELIEF
During Colonial period
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15. Pre-colonial indigenous communities in the Philippines cultivated
crops based on immediate necessities, with agriculture primarily
focused on sustaining local populations. They practiced
traditional farming methods passed down through generations,
relying on subsistence crops like rice, corn, and root vegetables,
while hunting and gathering provided meat sources.
Pre-Colonial period
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Agriculture

16. During colonization, agricultural practices underwent a significant
transformation. Spanish influence introduced new crops such as tobacco,
indigo, and sugarcane, which were cultivated for trade and export. Livestock
farming, including cattle, horses, and goats, became widespread on
Spanish-owned estates, altering the landscape of agricultural production.
The Spanish colonial administration imposed changes in land ownership
and labor systems, reshaping the agricultural economy to serve the interests
of the colonizers.
Agriculture
During Colonial period
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17. The Advantages and Disadvantages of
Colonization
of spanish in Philippines
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18. Introduction of Christianity: Spanish colonization led to the spread of Christianity in
the Philippines, which remains the predominant religion in the country today. The
Catholic Church established schools, hospitals, and other institutions that contributed to
the education and welfare of the population.
Cultural Exchange: Spanish influence introduced new elements to Filipino culture,
including language, cuisine, architecture, and arts. This cultural exchange enriched the
diversity of Filipino society, blending indigenous traditions with Spanish customs.
Infrastructure Development: The Spanish colonial administration built infrastructure
such as churches, forts, bridges, and roads, which facilitated trade and communication
within the archipelago.
Legal and Administrative Systems: The Spanish introduced legal and administrative
structures that laid the foundation for governance in the Philippines. This included the
establishment of municipal governments, courts, and systems of taxation and land
ownership.
Advantages
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19. Exploitation and Forced Labor: Spanish colonial policies, such as the encomienda
system and forced labor (repartimiento), exploited indigenous populations for their
labor, leading to widespread abuses and injustices.
Economic Exploitation: Spanish control over the economy favored the interests of the
colonial administration and Spanish settlers, resulting in the extraction of natural
resources and the monopolization of trade, which marginalized indigenous economic
activities.
Cultural Suppression: Spanish colonization sought to suppress indigenous cultures and
languages, imposing Spanish language and customs while denigrating indigenous beliefs
and practices. This cultural oppression led to the loss of indigenous traditions and
identity.
Social Inequality: Spanish colonial society was characterized by social stratification, with
Spanish colonizers and their descendants holding power and privilege, while indigenous
peoples and Filipino mestizos faced discrimination and limited opportunities for
advancement.
Disadvantages
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20. While Spanish colonization brought certain
benefits such as the introduction of Christianity
and aspects of Western culture, it also resulted in
significant disadvantages including exploitation,
cultural suppression, and social inequality, which
have had lasting effects on Filipino society.
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21. A warmt hank you
to all of you!
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