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Precise writing that is beneficial for the students of graduationg and post graduationg students. this is complete guide that make students helpful to understand how to precise and benefits for the precise writing. This not only guide for passage precise but also helpful for the precise writing of a
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precis writing.
The document discusses the term "precis" and how to write a good precis. It states that a precis is a clear, concise summary that preserves the essential ideas of the original text. It then lists the key qualities of a good precis as coherence, conciseness, clarity, correctness, and objectivity. Finally, it provides 16 rules for writing a precis, such as carefully reading the original text multiple times, underlining important ideas, omitting unnecessary details, and avoiding changing the meaning or injecting personal opinions.
Precis writing
The document is a presentation on precis writing. It begins with an introduction to precis by Maida, defining it as a clear, compact summary that preserves the essential points of the original. Several students then discuss important qualities of a good precis such as clarity, correctness, objectivity, coherence and conciseness. Tehreem, Ayesha and others outline common rules for writing a precis, including maintaining the key meaning, using an outline, omitting unnecessary details, indirect speech, and more. The presentation concludes with an exercise on precis writing.
Precis Writing Fundamentals
Precis writing is a skill that involves concisely summarizing the key ideas from a longer text in a reader's own words while preserving the original meaning, structure, and emphasis. It requires carefully analyzing a text to identify essential facts and thoughts and removing unnecessary details, illustrations, and embellishments. The goal is to distill down the original work to its core ideas and logic in as few words as possible, typically to around one-fourth the original length. Mastering precis writing strengthens skills like clear writing, analysis, and sensitivity to an author's intended meaning and viewpoint.
Lecture of english presentation
A precis is a condensed summary of a document that is approximately 1/3 the length of the original. It involves carefully reading the document to understand the main topic and key details, then rewriting it in your own words in a clear, succinct manner using indirect speech. The precis should have a title, include all essential information, and be a cohesive whole while omitting unnecessary examples, illustrations, or repetitions. Writing a precis is a valuable exercise that teaches concentration, understanding a document's most important ideas, and expressing ones thoughts concisely.
Precis writing
This document defines a precis as a 1/3 length summary that retains the essential ideas of the original text. It explains that a precis is a French word meaning summary, and the process of writing a precis involves carefully reading the passage multiple times, identifying the main theme, and writing an indirect summary in the third person past tense without adding new ideas or criticizing the original. The document advises limiting the precis to 1/3 the length of the original and using clear, factual expression without copying the original's style.
Precies writting and sample
The document discusses précis writing. It defines précis as a clear, compact summary that preserves the essential ideas of the original text. The document then lists qualities of a good précis such as clarity, correctness, objectivity, coherence and conciseness. It provides rules for writing a précis, including reading carefully, outlining key points, omitting unnecessary details, and expressing it in one paragraph.
PRECIS WRITING.pptx
The document discusses précis writing. It defines a précis as a clear, compact summary that preserves the essential ideas of the original text in as few words as possible. It notes that précis writing is a useful skill for students and professionals. It then discusses qualities of a good précis, including clarity, correctness, objectivity, coherence and conciseness. It provides rules for writing a précis, such as reading carefully, underlining key ideas, omitting unnecessary details, and expressing it in one's own words.
Summary writing
The document provides an overview of how to write a concise summary. It defines a summary as a shortened passage that retains the essential information of the original in the writer's own words. It lists the key characteristics of a good summary as being understandable without reference to the original, faithfully reproducing only the original ideas, and being brief without unnecessary details. The document outlines techniques for writing summaries, such as paraphrasing the original text in one's own words, condensing details, and finding the topic sentence and main ideas to create an outline. It describes the steps to write a summary as reading the original carefully, understanding the central ideas, writing one-sentence summaries of each section, forming a thesis statement, and drafting and
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precis writing.
The document discusses the term "precis" and how to write a good precis. It states that a precis is a clear, concise summary that preserves the essential ideas of the original text. It then lists the key qualities of a good precis as coherence, conciseness, clarity, correctness, and objectivity. Finally, it provides 16 rules for writing a precis, such as carefully reading the original text multiple times, underlining important ideas, omitting unnecessary details, and avoiding changing the meaning or injecting personal opinions.
Precis writing
The document is a presentation on precis writing. It begins with an introduction to precis by Maida, defining it as a clear, compact summary that preserves the essential points of the original. Several students then discuss important qualities of a good precis such as clarity, correctness, objectivity, coherence and conciseness. Tehreem, Ayesha and others outline common rules for writing a precis, including maintaining the key meaning, using an outline, omitting unnecessary details, indirect speech, and more. The presentation concludes with an exercise on precis writing.
Precis Writing Fundamentals
Precis writing is a skill that involves concisely summarizing the key ideas from a longer text in a reader's own words while preserving the original meaning, structure, and emphasis. It requires carefully analyzing a text to identify essential facts and thoughts and removing unnecessary details, illustrations, and embellishments. The goal is to distill down the original work to its core ideas and logic in as few words as possible, typically to around one-fourth the original length. Mastering precis writing strengthens skills like clear writing, analysis, and sensitivity to an author's intended meaning and viewpoint.
Lecture of english presentation
A precis is a condensed summary of a document that is approximately 1/3 the length of the original. It involves carefully reading the document to understand the main topic and key details, then rewriting it in your own words in a clear, succinct manner using indirect speech. The precis should have a title, include all essential information, and be a cohesive whole while omitting unnecessary examples, illustrations, or repetitions. Writing a precis is a valuable exercise that teaches concentration, understanding a document's most important ideas, and expressing ones thoughts concisely.
Precis writing
This document defines a precis as a 1/3 length summary that retains the essential ideas of the original text. It explains that a precis is a French word meaning summary, and the process of writing a precis involves carefully reading the passage multiple times, identifying the main theme, and writing an indirect summary in the third person past tense without adding new ideas or criticizing the original. The document advises limiting the precis to 1/3 the length of the original and using clear, factual expression without copying the original's style.
Precies writting and sample
The document discusses précis writing. It defines précis as a clear, compact summary that preserves the essential ideas of the original text. The document then lists qualities of a good précis such as clarity, correctness, objectivity, coherence and conciseness. It provides rules for writing a précis, including reading carefully, outlining key points, omitting unnecessary details, and expressing it in one paragraph.
PRECIS WRITING.pptx
The document discusses précis writing. It defines a précis as a clear, compact summary that preserves the essential ideas of the original text in as few words as possible. It notes that précis writing is a useful skill for students and professionals. It then discusses qualities of a good précis, including clarity, correctness, objectivity, coherence and conciseness. It provides rules for writing a précis, such as reading carefully, underlining key ideas, omitting unnecessary details, and expressing it in one's own words.
Summary writing
The document provides an overview of how to write a concise summary. It defines a summary as a shortened passage that retains the essential information of the original in the writer's own words. It lists the key characteristics of a good summary as being understandable without reference to the original, faithfully reproducing only the original ideas, and being brief without unnecessary details. The document outlines techniques for writing summaries, such as paraphrasing the original text in one's own words, condensing details, and finding the topic sentence and main ideas to create an outline. It describes the steps to write a summary as reading the original carefully, understanding the central ideas, writing one-sentence summaries of each section, forming a thesis statement, and drafting and
Summary writing tips and techniques
This document provides instruction on how to write a summary. It defines a summary as a shortened version of the original text that retains the essential information in your own words. A good summary is brief, understandable without referring to the original, and contains only the ideas from the original in a unified whole. The document outlines techniques for writing summaries, such as paraphrasing, identifying the central ideas, condensing information, and finding the topic sentence. It also describes the steps to write a summary, which include reading, rereading, writing section summaries, formulating a thesis statement, and editing the draft.
Précis Writing.pptx
This document provides an overview of precis writing, which is a brief summary of the key ideas from a text. A precis should be concise, clear, complete, unified, and coherent, typically being 1/3 to 1/4 the length of the original text. It should be written in the third person and past tense without paragraphs or opinions. The document outlines rules for precis writing and recommends a three-step process: first reading to understand the main idea, second reading to identify essential facts, and final reading to compose the precis focusing on important facts in as few words as possible.
Summary writing tips and techniques
This document provides guidance on writing summaries. It defines a summary as a shortened version of the original text that retains the essential information. A good summary is brief, understandable without referring to the original, and contains only the ideas from the original. The document outlines techniques for writing summaries, including paraphrasing, identifying the central ideas, condensing information, and finding the topic sentence. It also describes the steps to write a summary, such as reading, rereading to identify sections, writing one-sentence summaries, formulating a thesis statement, and editing the draft.
PRECIS AND SUMMARY WRITING.pptx
This document defines a precis as a summary that cuts down a longer text to its main ideas in a brief yet complete form. It lists the skills needed like clarity, coherence and conciseness. The methods involve reading carefully and identifying key points to write a rough draft keeping the length in mind. Guidelines state to decide the theme, avoid direct quotes, maintain proportion and include conclusions not comments. Summarizing is shortening a text without unnecessary details for presenting key information like in a CV. The steps are to outline major points after understanding the text and write a draft at 25% the original length using paraphrases when possible.
Presentation4
The document provides an overview of the different types of paragraphs that can be used in essays. It describes 7 types: narration, exposition, definition, classification, description, process analysis, and persuasion paragraphs. For each type, it explains the purpose, focus, and elements that should be included when writing that particular type of paragraph.
Summary Writing.pptx
This document provides guidance on how to write a summary. It defines a summary as a shortened version of an original text that retains the essential information. A good summary is brief without unnecessary details, can be understood without referring to the original, and remains faithful to the ideas of the original. When writing a summary, one should paraphrase the original text in their own words, consider the work as a whole, write one-sentence summaries for each section, weave the section summaries together in a thesis statement, and edit the draft to ensure all important information is included concisely. A summary should be 1/4 to 1/3 the length of the original and expressed in the writer's own words without personal views or inferences
Summarizing tips
This document provides tips for summarizing texts in 3 main points:
1) Summarizing requires cutting out unnecessary details like sculpting to focus on the key points.
2) Summarizing is a useful skill for writing essays, presentations, and class projects as it demonstrates understanding of the text.
3) An 8-step method is proposed for summarizing a text that includes preparing by understanding headings, reading actively, organizing with a graphic, writing a thesis statement, drafting, revising, and ensuring the summary accurately reflects the original ideas without personal commentary.
391505 paragraph-writing
An opinion paragraph follows the typical structure of an introductory topic sentence stating the opinion, supporting details that provide reasons and evidence to back up the opinion, and a concluding sentence that restates the main idea. While this basic structure is the same, an opinion paragraph requires persuasive arguments in the supporting details and a conclusion that echoes rather than introduces new information. Convincing evidence like facts and clear examples are needed to justify the stated opinion to the reader. Organization, coherence, and effective writing techniques are also important to maintain a unified paragraph.
Summary Writing SlideSHare Presentation
The definition of summary is a statement presenting the main points. An example of summary is a type of review of what happened at a meeting.
Chapter Summary Rubric Your assignment is to write a summary ove
Chapter Summary Rubric
Your assignment is to write a summary over one chapter from the book Why We Get Sick: the new science of Darwinian Medicine by R. Neese and G.Williams
Due Date
Sunday evenings at or before 6pm
Summary Requirements
A good summary accurately describes the main point(s) and important details of the chapter. Look at the section headings and use them to organize your summary.
In order to be accurate and concise the writer must be thoroughly familiar with the original work. If too long, a summary may be paraphrasing the original work, but if too short, important details may be left out. Paraphrasing is not allowed nor is using quotations from the text itself. Think 500 words, no more.
Hints
· Read and reread chapter as many times as necessary to gain a full understanding of the chapter.
· Opinions are unnecessary. For example, “I thought the part about radioactivity was really interesting” is largely irrelevant.
· Always name the authors and chapter title in the introductory paragraph, usually in the first sentence. From then on refer to authors by last name.
· Always use present tense to discuss the chapter and facts from the chapter.
· When referring to the chapter always capitalize the title and place it in quotation marks. Do not use italics.
· In summarizing, identify the main ideas and supporting information.
· Is the main idea conjecture or is there direct evidence for it from the literature?
· How many ideas are presented in the chapter, are all of these present in your summary.
· If examples are given supporting the author’s hypotheses or conjecture, are they mentioned in your summary?
· Explain what the examples illustrate.
· Identify the recurring theme in the chapters. All told, is the author’s thesis credible? Is the evidence or conjecture sufficient to support their thesis.
· If you had to summarize what you read to someone in your English class, what points would you mention and what evidence/conjecture would you describe?
· If you had to summarize what was covered in the chapter to your Grandmother, what points would you highlight and what evidence/conjecture would you mention?
· The premise, the theses and hypotheses, the evidence all comes from the life sciences. Demonstrate to your reader that you are a biologist capable of identifying the critical elements of the author’s narrative.
Chapter Summary Rubric
Category
5-4
3
2
1-0
Identifies
Important
Information
Student lists at all of the main points of the chapter and identifies the evidence, conjecture supporting the main points of the chapter.
The student lists some of the main points, but only a few are main ideas while the others are not.
The student has only 1 main point and highlights unimportant points.
The student cannot identify important information with accuracy.
Summarization
Student uses paragraphs in their own words to describe clearly what all ...
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 41
1. The document provides instructions on how to write a summary by condensing large amounts of information from a longer passage into a shorter form including only the main points and supporting ideas.
2. It defines a summary as a brief, clear statement that presents the essence of a longer passage in a cohesive and readable way. The reasons for learning to summarize include improving English reading, writing, and critical thinking skills.
3. The document outlines the steps for writing a summary which include carefully reading the passage multiple times, identifying and numbering key points, removing unnecessary details, arranging the points logically, and writing the summary in clear English sentences.
Precise writing by wajid hussain khoso
How to write precise, with examples, rules, keypoints along with a live activity for all class, hope you will like it.
What is paragraph writing.pdf
What is paragraph writing? (introduction of paragraph writing.)
Writing is a great skill that makes a person perfect and courageous to opt the writing as a profession. If a person has fast and perfect writing skills can earn a better amount of money. Indeed. She/he can have a wonderful position in society. Whereas, paragraph writing is one of the basic and essential parts of writing. Whether a writer writes a story, an email, or a formal report must be having knowledge about the fundamental writing of paragraphs. As there is a good quote “a good reader is a good writer” So, you must be having knowledge before writing anything. The English language has gotten 4 pillars (writing, reading, listening, and speaking) which are really necessary. So in this article, we are going to learn about academic paragraph writing, the tips to write a good paragraph, and its importance. This lesson is really helpful for becoming a good writer.
A brief explanation of paragraph writing.
Definition: A paragraph can be a collection of sentences talking about one title. So, it is the combination of related sentences that will talk about one specific title. A paragraph generally contains many sentences that have a relation with each other, and they provide specific details, examples, or evidence of the main idea. Throughout paragraph writing, we need to clarify and organize information into clear, concise units of thought. A strong and effective paragraph must be having coherence, unity, and the development of the main idea, and it must convey the required meaning and should be readable and accessible to the reader.
Note: In the above definition I have mentioned the related sentences which means all the sentences which come in a paragraph should have connections with each other. They are needed to support each other.
Importance of paragraph writing in written communication
So far we know that Paragraph writing is an essential component of written communication and it helps to compile information and ideas in a clear, concise (brief), and readable. What are the important tips we must be aware of while writing a good paragraph? The following are some of the reasons why paragraph writing is important in written communication:
Clarity and Coherence:
Improved Readability:
Effective Communication:
Emphasis and Importance.
Using Quotations, Paraphrases and Summaries in Essays
The document provides guidance on incorporating research sources into an essay using quotations, paraphrases, or summaries. It explains that quotations use the source's exact words, paraphrases restate the idea in the writer's own words, and summaries concisely describe the main idea. The document advises determining which approach to use by asking questions about the purpose and whether the source includes distinctive language, concepts, or information that needs explanation. It warns that paraphrasing requires more than minimal word changes to avoid plagiarism.
Summary Writing
This document provides guidance on writing summaries. It defines a summary as a shortened version of the original text that retains the essential information. A good summary is brief, understandable without referring to the original, and contains only the ideas from the original. The document recommends techniques for writing summaries, such as paraphrasing using one's own words, finding the topic sentence, and making an outline. It outlines the steps to write a summary, including reading the original text multiple times, taking notes, formulating a thesis statement, and editing the draft.
Outlining & Summarizing
1. The document outlines rules for writing outlines and summaries, including logically organizing ideas with numbered and lettered headings and ensuring each heading has at least two parts.
2. It provides instructions for writing summaries, such as reading the text closely twice to decide the most important details, and conveying the full message clearly in your own words while staying within the word limit.
3. The document also offers tips for avoiding wordiness, including using verbs instead of nominalizations, converting infinitive phrases to verbs or noun phrases, and preferring direct expressions over roundabout circumlocutions.
Summarising and Paraphrasing_Notes
This document provides guidance on paraphrasing and summarizing sources for academic writing. It defines paraphrasing as rewriting information from another source using different words while maintaining the original meaning, and summarizing as providing a brief outline of key points from a longer text. The document offers steps for both paraphrasing and summarizing, including reading carefully, taking notes, and rewriting without copying directly from the original. It emphasizes maintaining the source's meaning and including citations. Examples demonstrate proper paraphrasing and summarizing technique.
Summarizing
The document provides a seven-step process for writing summaries: 1) Read the passage to get an overall understanding, 2) Read again and identify key ideas and terms, 3) Identify the author's main points using their words, 4) Check that sentences accurately reflect the passage, 5) Write a one sentence thesis of the main idea, 6) Cite the author and title in the thesis, 7) Write a draft paragraph combining sentences while eliminating repetition. The final steps are to check the summary against the original for accuracy and rewrite if needed.
Essay writing
The document provides guidance on writing the typical components of a 5-paragraph essay, including the introduction, body, and conclusion. It states that the introduction should contain a hook, transitional sentence, and thesis statement. The body is made up of multiple paragraphs with a topic sentence, details/examples, and concluding transition sentence for each. The conclusion restates the thesis and includes a clincher statement. Examples are given for writing effective hooks, thesis statements, topic sentences, and conclusions. The document emphasizes that revision is an important part of the writing process.
Report.pptx for the betterment of the st
this ppt is prepared by the students and collected an authentic material to other students. This ppt is complete guide for the preparation of report business report, technical and progress reports. I hope this ppt enable the students to prepare all the type of reports. it is all in all beneficial fo
Project Documentation for the students also
It is prepared for the students benefit students will able to read and method of documentation preparation. the students will read this and find it easy to comprehend and write about the documentation. students will be able to read this and write the project record that make the project success.
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Summary writing tips and techniques
This document provides instruction on how to write a summary. It defines a summary as a shortened version of the original text that retains the essential information in your own words. A good summary is brief, understandable without referring to the original, and contains only the ideas from the original in a unified whole. The document outlines techniques for writing summaries, such as paraphrasing, identifying the central ideas, condensing information, and finding the topic sentence. It also describes the steps to write a summary, which include reading, rereading, writing section summaries, formulating a thesis statement, and editing the draft.
Précis Writing.pptx
This document provides an overview of precis writing, which is a brief summary of the key ideas from a text. A precis should be concise, clear, complete, unified, and coherent, typically being 1/3 to 1/4 the length of the original text. It should be written in the third person and past tense without paragraphs or opinions. The document outlines rules for precis writing and recommends a three-step process: first reading to understand the main idea, second reading to identify essential facts, and final reading to compose the precis focusing on important facts in as few words as possible.
Summary writing tips and techniques
This document provides guidance on writing summaries. It defines a summary as a shortened version of the original text that retains the essential information. A good summary is brief, understandable without referring to the original, and contains only the ideas from the original. The document outlines techniques for writing summaries, including paraphrasing, identifying the central ideas, condensing information, and finding the topic sentence. It also describes the steps to write a summary, such as reading, rereading to identify sections, writing one-sentence summaries, formulating a thesis statement, and editing the draft.
PRECIS AND SUMMARY WRITING.pptx
This document defines a precis as a summary that cuts down a longer text to its main ideas in a brief yet complete form. It lists the skills needed like clarity, coherence and conciseness. The methods involve reading carefully and identifying key points to write a rough draft keeping the length in mind. Guidelines state to decide the theme, avoid direct quotes, maintain proportion and include conclusions not comments. Summarizing is shortening a text without unnecessary details for presenting key information like in a CV. The steps are to outline major points after understanding the text and write a draft at 25% the original length using paraphrases when possible.
Presentation4
The document provides an overview of the different types of paragraphs that can be used in essays. It describes 7 types: narration, exposition, definition, classification, description, process analysis, and persuasion paragraphs. For each type, it explains the purpose, focus, and elements that should be included when writing that particular type of paragraph.
Summary Writing.pptx
This document provides guidance on how to write a summary. It defines a summary as a shortened version of an original text that retains the essential information. A good summary is brief without unnecessary details, can be understood without referring to the original, and remains faithful to the ideas of the original. When writing a summary, one should paraphrase the original text in their own words, consider the work as a whole, write one-sentence summaries for each section, weave the section summaries together in a thesis statement, and edit the draft to ensure all important information is included concisely. A summary should be 1/4 to 1/3 the length of the original and expressed in the writer's own words without personal views or inferences
Summarizing tips
This document provides tips for summarizing texts in 3 main points:
1) Summarizing requires cutting out unnecessary details like sculpting to focus on the key points.
2) Summarizing is a useful skill for writing essays, presentations, and class projects as it demonstrates understanding of the text.
3) An 8-step method is proposed for summarizing a text that includes preparing by understanding headings, reading actively, organizing with a graphic, writing a thesis statement, drafting, revising, and ensuring the summary accurately reflects the original ideas without personal commentary.
391505 paragraph-writing
An opinion paragraph follows the typical structure of an introductory topic sentence stating the opinion, supporting details that provide reasons and evidence to back up the opinion, and a concluding sentence that restates the main idea. While this basic structure is the same, an opinion paragraph requires persuasive arguments in the supporting details and a conclusion that echoes rather than introduces new information. Convincing evidence like facts and clear examples are needed to justify the stated opinion to the reader. Organization, coherence, and effective writing techniques are also important to maintain a unified paragraph.
Summary Writing SlideSHare Presentation
The definition of summary is a statement presenting the main points. An example of summary is a type of review of what happened at a meeting.
Chapter Summary Rubric Your assignment is to write a summary ove
Chapter Summary Rubric
Your assignment is to write a summary over one chapter from the book Why We Get Sick: the new science of Darwinian Medicine by R. Neese and G.Williams
Due Date
Sunday evenings at or before 6pm
Summary Requirements
A good summary accurately describes the main point(s) and important details of the chapter. Look at the section headings and use them to organize your summary.
In order to be accurate and concise the writer must be thoroughly familiar with the original work. If too long, a summary may be paraphrasing the original work, but if too short, important details may be left out. Paraphrasing is not allowed nor is using quotations from the text itself. Think 500 words, no more.
Hints
· Read and reread chapter as many times as necessary to gain a full understanding of the chapter.
· Opinions are unnecessary. For example, “I thought the part about radioactivity was really interesting” is largely irrelevant.
· Always name the authors and chapter title in the introductory paragraph, usually in the first sentence. From then on refer to authors by last name.
· Always use present tense to discuss the chapter and facts from the chapter.
· When referring to the chapter always capitalize the title and place it in quotation marks. Do not use italics.
· In summarizing, identify the main ideas and supporting information.
· Is the main idea conjecture or is there direct evidence for it from the literature?
· How many ideas are presented in the chapter, are all of these present in your summary.
· If examples are given supporting the author’s hypotheses or conjecture, are they mentioned in your summary?
· Explain what the examples illustrate.
· Identify the recurring theme in the chapters. All told, is the author’s thesis credible? Is the evidence or conjecture sufficient to support their thesis.
· If you had to summarize what you read to someone in your English class, what points would you mention and what evidence/conjecture would you describe?
· If you had to summarize what was covered in the chapter to your Grandmother, what points would you highlight and what evidence/conjecture would you mention?
· The premise, the theses and hypotheses, the evidence all comes from the life sciences. Demonstrate to your reader that you are a biologist capable of identifying the critical elements of the author’s narrative.
Chapter Summary Rubric
Category
5-4
3
2
1-0
Identifies
Important
Information
Student lists at all of the main points of the chapter and identifies the evidence, conjecture supporting the main points of the chapter.
The student lists some of the main points, but only a few are main ideas while the others are not.
The student has only 1 main point and highlights unimportant points.
The student cannot identify important information with accuracy.
Summarization
Student uses paragraphs in their own words to describe clearly what all ...
ENG101- English Comprehension- Lecture 41
1. The document provides instructions on how to write a summary by condensing large amounts of information from a longer passage into a shorter form including only the main points and supporting ideas.
2. It defines a summary as a brief, clear statement that presents the essence of a longer passage in a cohesive and readable way. The reasons for learning to summarize include improving English reading, writing, and critical thinking skills.
3. The document outlines the steps for writing a summary which include carefully reading the passage multiple times, identifying and numbering key points, removing unnecessary details, arranging the points logically, and writing the summary in clear English sentences.
Precise writing by wajid hussain khoso
How to write precise, with examples, rules, keypoints along with a live activity for all class, hope you will like it.
What is paragraph writing.pdf
What is paragraph writing? (introduction of paragraph writing.)
Writing is a great skill that makes a person perfect and courageous to opt the writing as a profession. If a person has fast and perfect writing skills can earn a better amount of money. Indeed. She/he can have a wonderful position in society. Whereas, paragraph writing is one of the basic and essential parts of writing. Whether a writer writes a story, an email, or a formal report must be having knowledge about the fundamental writing of paragraphs. As there is a good quote “a good reader is a good writer” So, you must be having knowledge before writing anything. The English language has gotten 4 pillars (writing, reading, listening, and speaking) which are really necessary. So in this article, we are going to learn about academic paragraph writing, the tips to write a good paragraph, and its importance. This lesson is really helpful for becoming a good writer.
A brief explanation of paragraph writing.
Definition: A paragraph can be a collection of sentences talking about one title. So, it is the combination of related sentences that will talk about one specific title. A paragraph generally contains many sentences that have a relation with each other, and they provide specific details, examples, or evidence of the main idea. Throughout paragraph writing, we need to clarify and organize information into clear, concise units of thought. A strong and effective paragraph must be having coherence, unity, and the development of the main idea, and it must convey the required meaning and should be readable and accessible to the reader.
Note: In the above definition I have mentioned the related sentences which means all the sentences which come in a paragraph should have connections with each other. They are needed to support each other.
Importance of paragraph writing in written communication
So far we know that Paragraph writing is an essential component of written communication and it helps to compile information and ideas in a clear, concise (brief), and readable. What are the important tips we must be aware of while writing a good paragraph? The following are some of the reasons why paragraph writing is important in written communication:
Clarity and Coherence:
Improved Readability:
Effective Communication:
Emphasis and Importance.
Using Quotations, Paraphrases and Summaries in Essays
The document provides guidance on incorporating research sources into an essay using quotations, paraphrases, or summaries. It explains that quotations use the source's exact words, paraphrases restate the idea in the writer's own words, and summaries concisely describe the main idea. The document advises determining which approach to use by asking questions about the purpose and whether the source includes distinctive language, concepts, or information that needs explanation. It warns that paraphrasing requires more than minimal word changes to avoid plagiarism.
Summary Writing
This document provides guidance on writing summaries. It defines a summary as a shortened version of the original text that retains the essential information. A good summary is brief, understandable without referring to the original, and contains only the ideas from the original. The document recommends techniques for writing summaries, such as paraphrasing using one's own words, finding the topic sentence, and making an outline. It outlines the steps to write a summary, including reading the original text multiple times, taking notes, formulating a thesis statement, and editing the draft.
Outlining & Summarizing
1. The document outlines rules for writing outlines and summaries, including logically organizing ideas with numbered and lettered headings and ensuring each heading has at least two parts.
2. It provides instructions for writing summaries, such as reading the text closely twice to decide the most important details, and conveying the full message clearly in your own words while staying within the word limit.
3. The document also offers tips for avoiding wordiness, including using verbs instead of nominalizations, converting infinitive phrases to verbs or noun phrases, and preferring direct expressions over roundabout circumlocutions.
Summarising and Paraphrasing_Notes
This document provides guidance on paraphrasing and summarizing sources for academic writing. It defines paraphrasing as rewriting information from another source using different words while maintaining the original meaning, and summarizing as providing a brief outline of key points from a longer text. The document offers steps for both paraphrasing and summarizing, including reading carefully, taking notes, and rewriting without copying directly from the original. It emphasizes maintaining the source's meaning and including citations. Examples demonstrate proper paraphrasing and summarizing technique.
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The document provides guidance on writing the typical components of a 5-paragraph essay, including the introduction, body, and conclusion. It states that the introduction should contain a hook, transitional sentence, and thesis statement. The body is made up of multiple paragraphs with a topic sentence, details/examples, and concluding transition sentence for each. The conclusion restates the thesis and includes a clincher statement. Examples are given for writing effective hooks, thesis statements, topic sentences, and conclusions. The document emphasizes that revision is an important part of the writing process.
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precis writing for graduation students a
- 1. Presented to: Miss Rabia Iram
- 3. Maida
- 5. 1
- 8. 4006
- 9. The term precis is derived from French word which means “Precis” or “Expressed Accurately”. It also means an “Abstract” or a “Gist” of a longer passage.
- 10. The precis is a clear, compact, and logical summary of a passage. It only preserves the essential points or ideas of the original.
- 11. The life today has become over busy. Speed is now the essence of time. Therefore well-connected , narrative paragraph or a precis is needed. Shortcut has become a way of life. Every one prefer shortcut to complete one’s task.
- 13. There are five qualities of a good precis. Clarity Correctness Objectivity Coherence Conciseness
- 14. Clarity means “getting your message so that reader can understand easily what the writer trying to convey.”
- 15. Sentence ought to be proper grammatical , punctuation and well spell or free from any sort of error. Correct idea should be conveyed.
- 16. Mistakes which may occur are: Misspelled words Mistakes in facts and figures Mistakes in punctuation Mistakes of grammar and structure
- 17. Objectivity means the ability to present opinions and personal preference. The writer should adopt an objective approach. Not add opinion and ideas
- 18. Coherence means logical inter connection. Ideas should be well joined. Sentences should be interrelated.
- 19. … A good precis is always coherent By coherence reader easily understand the main points.
- 20. Conciseness means brief and direct. Conciseness is a desirable quality of a good precis. Use concise expressions. Avoid unnecessary repetition. Convey information clearly and efficiently.
- 22. Outline There are 16 rules for precis writing Understanding Under Lining Length Indirect Speech Avoid giving Opinions Paragraph form Tenses & person Rereading Conclusion Careful Reading No change in meaning Omission Don’t Omit Own wording Art of compression
- 23. First read the passage again and again until you understand the meaning of the passage. The more you read it , the more familiar it will become to you. Try to read it thrice to make its subject clear.
- 24. Usually one is asked to supply a outline for a precis. While reading the original passage, think of some words , phrases or short sentences that will sum up the main subject of the passage. Find the key sentences.
- 25. Read the passage attentively and try to understand the main theme of the passage. Try to get the idea what the writer is trying to convey.
- 26. Underline is “mark the important ideas and essential points from the original text.”
- 27. Omit all the unnecessary information or long phrases which could be replaced by one word. All the objectives and adverbs can be omitted to make a good precis.
- 28. While writing a precis the writer should not omit the important points and ideas which are essential to be described.
- 29. Keep the fact in mind that the length of the precis be one third of the original passage. Count the words if you find that it is too long.
- 30. Precis should be written in indirect speech. If there is direct speech in the passage, it should be into change in indirect speech.
- 31. A precis should be written in your own words and should abstain from borrowing words from the original passage.
- 32. You are not supposed to give any comments, appreciative, critical on the ideas expressed in the passage.
- 33. Precis should be in paragraph form. There may be one or more paragraphs in the original passage but your precis should be in only one paragraph.
- 34. A precis should be written in past tense but in case of ‘Universal Truth’ present tense should be used. Always use third person.
- 35. While writing a precis: Don’t change the meaning of precis but it should be written in your own words. Try to abstain from borrowing words from the original passage.
- 36. Compress and clarify a lengthy passage, article or book retaining important concepts , keywords and important data. Cross out unneeded description.
- 37. Reread the passage several times if necessary for clear understanding of ideas. Observe the emphasis or approach used by the author.
- 38. The conclusion should restate the main idea of the text and reiterate the main support. do not provide any new information. Remember to avoid any personal statements about the passage.
- 39. Exercise
- 40. Tracts of land from which coal is obtained are called coal-fields. These so-called fields are not on the surface of earth, but at some depths below it. They consist of layers of beds which run under the ground. When a layer of this kind has been opened, the opening is called a mine and hence is classed as a mineral.
- 41. Answer: 1. What is mine and why is coal termed as mineral? 2. Write the precis of given passage & give a suitable title. The layer of mineral underground when opened is called a mine. Since coal is dug out from the mine , it is called mineral. Questions:
- 42. The coal-fields are underground tracts of land from which coal is obtained. They have underground layers of bed. They are called mine when they are opened. What are coal-fields Title: