Language is a distinctive quality unique to man. It is what enables man to express him/herself and communicate with his/her fellow man, and it is acquired naturally. According to Fromkin et al “…language is the source of human life and power” (3). They also state that “we use language to convey information to others…, ask questions…, give command…, and express wishes” (173). There are two specific media of using language: oral – which is by words of mouth; and written – which is a graphic representation of words on paper.
It is in the use of language that style comes in. Style shows the difference between one piece of writing and the other. According to Adejare, “style is an ambiguous term…” (1). He further states that the term style means different things to different professions. Some examples are: to a psychologist, a style is a form of behaviour, to the critic, style is individuality and to the linguist, it is the formal structures in function (1).
Stylistics is the study of oral and written texts. It is the description of the linguistic characteristics (which means features of linguistics) of all situationally restricted uses of language. Linguistics is the scientific study of language or of a particular language. Linguistics is scientific because it applies the method of objective observation, collection, classification and application of facts to the study of language.
Stylistics focuses on texts and gives much attention to the devices, parts of speech and figures of speech. It goes further to look into the effects of the use of the devices on the reader.
SOCIAL NETWORK HATE SPEECH DETECTION FOR AMHARIC LANGUAGEcscpconf
The anonymity of social networks makes it attractive for hate speech to mask their criminal
activities online posing a challenge to the world and in particular Ethiopia. With this everincreasing
volume of social media data, hate speech identification becomes a challenge in
aggravating conflict between citizens of nations. The high rate of production, has become
difficult to collect, store and analyze such big data using traditional detection methods. This
paper proposed the application of apache spark in hate speech detection to reduce the
challenges. Authors developed an apache spark based model to classify Amharic Facebook
posts and comments into hate and not hate. Authors employed Random forest and Naïve Bayes
for learning and Word2Vec and TF-IDF for feature selection. Tested by 10-fold crossvalidation,
the model based on word2vec embedding performed best with 79.83%accuracy. The
proposed method achieve a promising result with unique feature of spark for big data.
The complaint about the deleterious effect of Facebook on language is long standing; of course in the time past the main gripes have been how the social networking site has sapped the meaning of 'Friend' and 'Like'. But now, the reverse of these words are showing up in everyday conversation on Facebook : 'Unfriend' and 'Unlike'.
SOCIAL NETWORK HATE SPEECH DETECTION FOR AMHARIC LANGUAGEcscpconf
The anonymity of social networks makes it attractive for hate speech to mask their criminal
activities online posing a challenge to the world and in particular Ethiopia. With this everincreasing
volume of social media data, hate speech identification becomes a challenge in
aggravating conflict between citizens of nations. The high rate of production, has become
difficult to collect, store and analyze such big data using traditional detection methods. This
paper proposed the application of apache spark in hate speech detection to reduce the
challenges. Authors developed an apache spark based model to classify Amharic Facebook
posts and comments into hate and not hate. Authors employed Random forest and Naïve Bayes
for learning and Word2Vec and TF-IDF for feature selection. Tested by 10-fold crossvalidation,
the model based on word2vec embedding performed best with 79.83%accuracy. The
proposed method achieve a promising result with unique feature of spark for big data.
The complaint about the deleterious effect of Facebook on language is long standing; of course in the time past the main gripes have been how the social networking site has sapped the meaning of 'Friend' and 'Like'. But now, the reverse of these words are showing up in everyday conversation on Facebook : 'Unfriend' and 'Unlike'.
Foundations Defining Communication & Communication Study.docxbudbarber38650
Foundations:
Defining Communication &
Communication Study
Survey of Communication Study, Hahn and Paynton, chpt. 1
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study/Chapter_1_-_Foundations:_Defining_Communication_and_Communication_Study
Introductions
Discuss the course syllabus, assignments and online Textbook
Blackboard how-to
Communication Definitions
Communication Models
Linear Model
Transactional Model
Communication and You
Agenda
Introductions
Introduce yourself:
Name
Hometown
Year in School
Major
Dream Job
Go over syllabus and Blackboard
3
We will be using a combination of two FREE online textbooks, known as an OER (Open Educational Resources)
These are free online textbooks written by communication faculty who have allowed open use of the material.
“Survey of Communication Study” by Humboldt State University professors Laura K. Hahn and Scott T. Paynton. Last edited online 2016
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study
“Communication in the Real World” 2012 Creative Common License, publisher and author name removed per request
http://open.lib.umn.edu/communication/
Textbooks
If you are viewing the PPT slides on your computer or smart phone, view in the slideshow function so you will be able to interact with the various GIFs and video links that are included
Suggestion for viewing PPTs
What is involved in the process of communication?
Why is communication important?
Name people who use communication in creative ways?
Discussion:
What is Communication?
Instructor notes: These question prompts can be used as a pair activity, group activity, class discussion or “thinking point” depending on the class size and modality
6
Memes are an Example of Creative Communication
Without looking at the textbook, write down a one sentence definition of communication
To Do
70 years ago communication scholars Bruce Smith, Harold Lasswell and Ralph D. Casey stated
“Communication study is an academic field whose primary focus is ‘who says what, through what channels (media) of communication, to whom [and] what will be the results’”
(Emphasis and underline added)
Communication Definition
Smith, Lasswell and Casey
The National Communication Association states
“Communication study focuses on how people use messages to generate meaning within and across various contexts, cultures, channels and media.”
“The discipline promotes the effective and ethical practice of human communication.”
Communication Definition
National Communication Association
For the purposes of our class, the definition we will use is
“Communication is the process of using symbols to exchange meaning.”
Communication Definition
Our Textbook
A Model is a visual representation/depiction of how something works.
Models allow us to understand a process by dividing it into parts and looking at how they are related
Models of Communication
The earliest models of comm.
Psychoanalysis of Online Behavior and Cyber Conduct of Chatters in Chat Rooms...Eswar Publications
With ease of access of internet connectivity and owing to ability of maintaining anonymity, online chatting has become very common. Based on an empirical study comprising of more than 700 chatting sessions spread over a period of 15 months with nearly 2500 online chatters, this paper aims to present a psychological study and analysis of the behavior of chatters in online chatting environments. It has been found that the chatting environments are dominated by male gender and explicit sexual expression is common. The paper also laments
the ability of chatting environments to be exploited as breeding ground for cyber crimes by using ‘social engineering’. On the sidelines, the paper also lists the motivations driving the people to chat as well as the various rewards and drawbacks that chatting poses to the chatter in specific and society in general.
An Empirical Study on Comment Classificationijtsrd
Due to increasing technologies in the interactive web applications, there has been a lot of development in E commerce and online social networking activities. The comments or the post always plays a vital role in understanding of the attitude towards a particular topic, product of the online users. Most of the times these comments or posts help the other users to understand the scenario and to take the right decision on the web platform. Machine learning plays a vital role to understand and to estimate the accurate semantics of these posts and comments. Natural language processing is widely used for this, Most of the times natural language processing does not yield much expected results in the classification of these comments due to the complexity in the narration. These complexities generally arise either due to poor narration of the comments or highly sarcastic contents in the comments. So to overcome these problems this paper broadly studies all the past work on comment classification and try to find the new way of machine learning to get the highly classified labels of the comments. Shubham Derhgawen | Rajesh Tak | Subhasish Chatterjee "An Empirical Study on Comment Classification" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28053.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/28053/an-empirical-study-on-comment-classification/shubham-derhgawen
Worldwide, a large number of people interact with each other by means of online chatting. There has been a significant rise in the number of platforms, both social and professional, such as WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter, which allow people to share their experiences, views and knowledge with others. Sadly
enough, with online communication getting embedded into our daily communication, incivility and misbehaviour has taken on many nuances from professional misbehaviour to professional decay. Generally flaming starts with the exchange of rude messages and comments, which in turn triggers to higher scale of flaming. To prevent online communication from getting downgraded, it is essential to keep away the hostile users from communication platforms. This paper presents a Security Detection Model and a tool which checks and prevents online flaming. It detects the presence of flaming while chatting or posting blogs, and censors swear words as well as blocks the users from flaming.
Running head COMPARATIVE ESSAY Talking vs. Texting 1COMPAR.docxsusanschei
Running head: COMPARATIVE ESSAY: Talking vs. Texting 1
COMPARATIVE ESSAY 2
Comparative Essay: Talking vs. Texting
Mary Katz
Columbia Southern University
Talking vs. Texting
The act of comparing two or more aspects in writing improves the creativity of a writer in many ways. In life, there exist many things that complement one another and can easily be compared in an intensive way. Consequently, before comparing major factors or activities that occur in life, one must analyze them deeply to come up with the analogous issues and those that contradict. For instance, texting and talking can be identified as major tools of communication. Nonetheless, they can be used differently under diverse conditions to deliver the same message depending on the nature of the receiver of the message and the message to be delivered. It is worth mentioning that texting and talking can be used effectively to achieve similar communication goals. However, they both can alter the moods of the people involved in an affirmative or negative way. The purpose of this essay paper is to pin point major similarities and differences that pop up in connection to these two major communication tools.
To begin with, talking can be through a telecommunication gadget or an open eye to eye interaction of people. Through talking, the people involved can evaluate and determine the attitudes of one another in relation to the message being delivered. This can help a person change the method of delivery by using other stories that are out of topic to change or prepare the moods of the receiver. Many people especially in the field of business prefer talking directly with their customers. This is because through talking they can persuade customers effectively to achieve their respective goals and objectives. On the other hand, texting is equally a good method of communication. The difference emerges from the fact that the people involved in the communication can find it hard to pin point the motives of their counterparts. A person texting can easily lie without being noticed.
The tone of the messenger or the receiver can be used to scrutinize their corresponding frame of mind. This can only be achieved by the act of talking with one another on a common topic that connects the communicating persons or groups of people. In a case where people are talking directly with each other, their body languages can be crucial to measure their feelings and motives in conjunction to the topic in hand. For example, apart from the tone, the facial expressions of the parties can be noted easily to their individual advantages. On the contrary, texting blocks the ability of people to determine the actual objectives of those that they communicate with. Through it, certain techniques of moral disengagement can be encouraged in any form of communication. The messenger can write things that contradict with his or her motives without being detected easily by the receiver.
The costs involved ...
Current research deals with the semiotic and linguistics gap between the actual meaning and the usage of Emoticons in Pakistani society. This study aimed to find out the gap between the meaning and the use of Emoticon and to examine the use and place of Emoticons as a form of language. This research also aimed to identify whether men or women tend to use Emoticons more frequently. To analyze the gap, a survey questionnaire was used having 45 questions as tool for collecting data from mobile phone users and 05 conversations have been analyzed using content analysis technique. According to the results, mobile phone users use Emoticons in their conversations without knowing what they mean, whether they have any referential or literal meaning or which conceptual categories they denote, they do not know the answers to all these questions. This research tried to give valuable suggestions in order to solve the problems of using Emoticons without proper understandings. On the basis of findings, it is suggested that Emoticons must not give false and fake expressions rather these Emoticons should prevent misapprehension and confusion and should be aligned with the receiver.
Customer sentiment analysis for Arabic social media using a novel ensemble m...IJECEIAES
Arabic’s complex morphology, orthography, and dialects make sentiment analysis difficult. This activity makes it harder to extract text attributes from short conversations to evaluate tone. Analyzing and judging a person’s emotional state is complex. Due to these issues, interpreting sentiments accurately and identifying polarity may take much work. Sentiment analysis extracts subjective information from text. This research evaluates machine learning (ML) techniques for understanding Arabic emotions. Sentiment analysis (SA) uses a support vector machine (SVM), AdaBoost classifier (AC), maximum entropy (ME), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and naive Bayes (NB). A model for the ensemble-based sentiment was developed. Ensemble classifiers (ECs) with 10-fold cross-validation out-performed other machine learning classifiers in accuracy (A), specificity (S), precision (P), F1 score (FS), and sensitivity (S).
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The Secrets Of Credit Management In Banking Industry.docxResearchWap
Every business organization faces various financial risks. These include the uncertainty of revenues, the possibility of defaulting on loans, and the risk of fraud. One way to manage these risks is through credit management. Credit management is the process of managing financial risk by assessing the creditworthiness of customers and monitoring their payment behavior. In this blog article, we'll take a comprehensive look at credit management in the banking industry, from overviews and best practices to strategies, challenges, and opportunities. Let's get started.
We all know the importance of having a highly skilled and motivated workforce in any organization, but what about in the banking industry? Banks are the backbone of the economy and are critical to the success of any economy. As such, the employees in the banking industry need to be well-trained and highly motivated to ensure the best outcomes for customers and the organization. A development programme is one way to ensure that employees are equipped with the skills and knowledge to perform their jobs efficiently and effectively. In this blog, we will explore the benefits of a development programme, why it is essential for banks, the impact it has on employee performance in the banking industry, best practices for developing effective development programmes, challenges and opportunities of implementing a development programme, how to monitor and measure the impact of a development programme, and case studies of successful development programmes in the banking industry.
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Foundations Defining Communication & Communication Study.docxbudbarber38650
Foundations:
Defining Communication &
Communication Study
Survey of Communication Study, Hahn and Paynton, chpt. 1
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study/Chapter_1_-_Foundations:_Defining_Communication_and_Communication_Study
Introductions
Discuss the course syllabus, assignments and online Textbook
Blackboard how-to
Communication Definitions
Communication Models
Linear Model
Transactional Model
Communication and You
Agenda
Introductions
Introduce yourself:
Name
Hometown
Year in School
Major
Dream Job
Go over syllabus and Blackboard
3
We will be using a combination of two FREE online textbooks, known as an OER (Open Educational Resources)
These are free online textbooks written by communication faculty who have allowed open use of the material.
“Survey of Communication Study” by Humboldt State University professors Laura K. Hahn and Scott T. Paynton. Last edited online 2016
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study
“Communication in the Real World” 2012 Creative Common License, publisher and author name removed per request
http://open.lib.umn.edu/communication/
Textbooks
If you are viewing the PPT slides on your computer or smart phone, view in the slideshow function so you will be able to interact with the various GIFs and video links that are included
Suggestion for viewing PPTs
What is involved in the process of communication?
Why is communication important?
Name people who use communication in creative ways?
Discussion:
What is Communication?
Instructor notes: These question prompts can be used as a pair activity, group activity, class discussion or “thinking point” depending on the class size and modality
6
Memes are an Example of Creative Communication
Without looking at the textbook, write down a one sentence definition of communication
To Do
70 years ago communication scholars Bruce Smith, Harold Lasswell and Ralph D. Casey stated
“Communication study is an academic field whose primary focus is ‘who says what, through what channels (media) of communication, to whom [and] what will be the results’”
(Emphasis and underline added)
Communication Definition
Smith, Lasswell and Casey
The National Communication Association states
“Communication study focuses on how people use messages to generate meaning within and across various contexts, cultures, channels and media.”
“The discipline promotes the effective and ethical practice of human communication.”
Communication Definition
National Communication Association
For the purposes of our class, the definition we will use is
“Communication is the process of using symbols to exchange meaning.”
Communication Definition
Our Textbook
A Model is a visual representation/depiction of how something works.
Models allow us to understand a process by dividing it into parts and looking at how they are related
Models of Communication
The earliest models of comm.
Psychoanalysis of Online Behavior and Cyber Conduct of Chatters in Chat Rooms...Eswar Publications
With ease of access of internet connectivity and owing to ability of maintaining anonymity, online chatting has become very common. Based on an empirical study comprising of more than 700 chatting sessions spread over a period of 15 months with nearly 2500 online chatters, this paper aims to present a psychological study and analysis of the behavior of chatters in online chatting environments. It has been found that the chatting environments are dominated by male gender and explicit sexual expression is common. The paper also laments
the ability of chatting environments to be exploited as breeding ground for cyber crimes by using ‘social engineering’. On the sidelines, the paper also lists the motivations driving the people to chat as well as the various rewards and drawbacks that chatting poses to the chatter in specific and society in general.
An Empirical Study on Comment Classificationijtsrd
Due to increasing technologies in the interactive web applications, there has been a lot of development in E commerce and online social networking activities. The comments or the post always plays a vital role in understanding of the attitude towards a particular topic, product of the online users. Most of the times these comments or posts help the other users to understand the scenario and to take the right decision on the web platform. Machine learning plays a vital role to understand and to estimate the accurate semantics of these posts and comments. Natural language processing is widely used for this, Most of the times natural language processing does not yield much expected results in the classification of these comments due to the complexity in the narration. These complexities generally arise either due to poor narration of the comments or highly sarcastic contents in the comments. So to overcome these problems this paper broadly studies all the past work on comment classification and try to find the new way of machine learning to get the highly classified labels of the comments. Shubham Derhgawen | Rajesh Tak | Subhasish Chatterjee "An Empirical Study on Comment Classification" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28053.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/28053/an-empirical-study-on-comment-classification/shubham-derhgawen
Worldwide, a large number of people interact with each other by means of online chatting. There has been a significant rise in the number of platforms, both social and professional, such as WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter, which allow people to share their experiences, views and knowledge with others. Sadly
enough, with online communication getting embedded into our daily communication, incivility and misbehaviour has taken on many nuances from professional misbehaviour to professional decay. Generally flaming starts with the exchange of rude messages and comments, which in turn triggers to higher scale of flaming. To prevent online communication from getting downgraded, it is essential to keep away the hostile users from communication platforms. This paper presents a Security Detection Model and a tool which checks and prevents online flaming. It detects the presence of flaming while chatting or posting blogs, and censors swear words as well as blocks the users from flaming.
Running head COMPARATIVE ESSAY Talking vs. Texting 1COMPAR.docxsusanschei
Running head: COMPARATIVE ESSAY: Talking vs. Texting 1
COMPARATIVE ESSAY 2
Comparative Essay: Talking vs. Texting
Mary Katz
Columbia Southern University
Talking vs. Texting
The act of comparing two or more aspects in writing improves the creativity of a writer in many ways. In life, there exist many things that complement one another and can easily be compared in an intensive way. Consequently, before comparing major factors or activities that occur in life, one must analyze them deeply to come up with the analogous issues and those that contradict. For instance, texting and talking can be identified as major tools of communication. Nonetheless, they can be used differently under diverse conditions to deliver the same message depending on the nature of the receiver of the message and the message to be delivered. It is worth mentioning that texting and talking can be used effectively to achieve similar communication goals. However, they both can alter the moods of the people involved in an affirmative or negative way. The purpose of this essay paper is to pin point major similarities and differences that pop up in connection to these two major communication tools.
To begin with, talking can be through a telecommunication gadget or an open eye to eye interaction of people. Through talking, the people involved can evaluate and determine the attitudes of one another in relation to the message being delivered. This can help a person change the method of delivery by using other stories that are out of topic to change or prepare the moods of the receiver. Many people especially in the field of business prefer talking directly with their customers. This is because through talking they can persuade customers effectively to achieve their respective goals and objectives. On the other hand, texting is equally a good method of communication. The difference emerges from the fact that the people involved in the communication can find it hard to pin point the motives of their counterparts. A person texting can easily lie without being noticed.
The tone of the messenger or the receiver can be used to scrutinize their corresponding frame of mind. This can only be achieved by the act of talking with one another on a common topic that connects the communicating persons or groups of people. In a case where people are talking directly with each other, their body languages can be crucial to measure their feelings and motives in conjunction to the topic in hand. For example, apart from the tone, the facial expressions of the parties can be noted easily to their individual advantages. On the contrary, texting blocks the ability of people to determine the actual objectives of those that they communicate with. Through it, certain techniques of moral disengagement can be encouraged in any form of communication. The messenger can write things that contradict with his or her motives without being detected easily by the receiver.
The costs involved ...
Current research deals with the semiotic and linguistics gap between the actual meaning and the usage of Emoticons in Pakistani society. This study aimed to find out the gap between the meaning and the use of Emoticon and to examine the use and place of Emoticons as a form of language. This research also aimed to identify whether men or women tend to use Emoticons more frequently. To analyze the gap, a survey questionnaire was used having 45 questions as tool for collecting data from mobile phone users and 05 conversations have been analyzed using content analysis technique. According to the results, mobile phone users use Emoticons in their conversations without knowing what they mean, whether they have any referential or literal meaning or which conceptual categories they denote, they do not know the answers to all these questions. This research tried to give valuable suggestions in order to solve the problems of using Emoticons without proper understandings. On the basis of findings, it is suggested that Emoticons must not give false and fake expressions rather these Emoticons should prevent misapprehension and confusion and should be aligned with the receiver.
Customer sentiment analysis for Arabic social media using a novel ensemble m...IJECEIAES
Arabic’s complex morphology, orthography, and dialects make sentiment analysis difficult. This activity makes it harder to extract text attributes from short conversations to evaluate tone. Analyzing and judging a person’s emotional state is complex. Due to these issues, interpreting sentiments accurately and identifying polarity may take much work. Sentiment analysis extracts subjective information from text. This research evaluates machine learning (ML) techniques for understanding Arabic emotions. Sentiment analysis (SA) uses a support vector machine (SVM), AdaBoost classifier (AC), maximum entropy (ME), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and naive Bayes (NB). A model for the ensemble-based sentiment was developed. Ensemble classifiers (ECs) with 10-fold cross-validation out-performed other machine learning classifiers in accuracy (A), specificity (S), precision (P), F1 score (FS), and sensitivity (S).
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The Secrets Of Credit Management In Banking Industry.docxResearchWap
Every business organization faces various financial risks. These include the uncertainty of revenues, the possibility of defaulting on loans, and the risk of fraud. One way to manage these risks is through credit management. Credit management is the process of managing financial risk by assessing the creditworthiness of customers and monitoring their payment behavior. In this blog article, we'll take a comprehensive look at credit management in the banking industry, from overviews and best practices to strategies, challenges, and opportunities. Let's get started.
We all know the importance of having a highly skilled and motivated workforce in any organization, but what about in the banking industry? Banks are the backbone of the economy and are critical to the success of any economy. As such, the employees in the banking industry need to be well-trained and highly motivated to ensure the best outcomes for customers and the organization. A development programme is one way to ensure that employees are equipped with the skills and knowledge to perform their jobs efficiently and effectively. In this blog, we will explore the benefits of a development programme, why it is essential for banks, the impact it has on employee performance in the banking industry, best practices for developing effective development programmes, challenges and opportunities of implementing a development programme, how to monitor and measure the impact of a development programme, and case studies of successful development programmes in the banking industry.
The Relationship Between Class Size And Secondary School Students Academic Pe...ResearchWap
Abstract
The study found the relationship between class size and academic performance of geography students in secondary school in Abeokuta – South Local Government Area of Ogun State.
The study adopted a random sampling technique to select one hundred and twenty respondents in five secondary schools in each ward of the Local Government. Pearson correlation was used to test the hypothesis.
The results showed that male and female teachers were similar in their opinion on the relationship between class size and academic achievement of secondary school students in geography, indicating that the performance of students in large classes was very low compared to those in smaller classes.
It was recommended that policymakers and government should recruit more geography teachers and ensure that more classrooms are built and the number of students in a class should not be more than 30.
A Survey Of Causes And Management Of Teacher’s Behaviour Problems Among Headt...ResearchWap
ABSTRACT
This research study attempted to identify ways in which behavioural problems manifest themselves among head teachers in primary schools in Ilorin West Local Government Area of Kwara State.
It also attempted to find the causes and management or control such indiscipline behaviours and made recommendations for their management. The necessary data for the research study were collected through the use of a questionnaire. One hundred teachers were randomly selected for the study. Chi-square statistical procedure was used to analyse the data.
The result showed that the teachers surveyed shared the same view with regards to age, sex and home background as responsible for behavioural problems. Respondents also shared the same opinion with regard to the various ways or methods that can be used to control or manage indiscipline, and behaviours in primary schools.
On the basis of the findings, recommendations were made that guidance and counselling services should be organized, seminars and conferences to emphasise more indiscipline behaviours in the schools.
Emotional Intelligence And Locus Of Control As Predictors Of Teachers’ Instru...ResearchWap
Recently, the reports of poor academic achievement of students especially in secondary schools have raised more attention and greater concerns among stakeholders in Nigerian education. Academic achievement or academic performance is the outcome of education, that is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their educational goals (Ward, Stoker, & Murray-Ward, 2000). Academic achievement is commonly measured by continuous assessment or examination but there is no general agreement on how it is best tested or which aspects are most important, whether procedural knowledge such as skills or declarative knowledge such as facts (Stumm, Hell, & Chamorro-Premuzic, 2011). Irrespective of the method of academic measurement, Isangedighi (1999) observed that indiscipline, drug addiction, poor socio-economic background of the parents, inadequate motivation on the part of students, lack of information coupled with teachers’ nonchalant attitude to work and students’ negative self-concept have often resulted into students’ inconsistent and poor academic performances. Yoloye (1999) submitted that theories of educational disadvantages and social-cultural pathology have been most prominent in the explanation of poor academic achievement of students in schools. On the contrary, a growing number of scholars, have rejected this latter view and have suggested that many of the problems of learning are the artefacts of discontinuities which are brought about by the separation of learning from real-life functions and situations (Fagbemi, 2001) and by the exclusion of the child’s language, values and mode of cognition from the school environment (Ugodulunwa, 2007). It seems that the causes of low academic achievement are diverse and cannot be associated with a single factor alone. For instance, Adamu (1998) observed that self-concept and its variables may be a paramount factor in academic failure. Tukur & Musa (2001) attributed the causes of fluctuating performances among students to teacher-student interactions, intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, classroom behaviour and other extraneous variables. The above may be responsible for the academic achievement of students in the area of the study. In Enugu State, the academic achievement of secondary school students has been observed to be generally poor. A look at the West African Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination results in the past eight years (2005-2012) shows clearly the declining state of secondary school students’ achievements in external examinations in the state. The West African Certificate Examinations Council’s (WAEC) result analysis has it that in 2005, only 27.53% of candidates who sat for the senior secondary school certificate exanimation had five credit passes and above including English Language and Mathematics (WAEC, 2010). The same trend continued in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011and 2012 where only 15.56%, 25.54%, 13.76%, 25.99%, 24.94%, 30.99% and 25.76% of can
Consequences Of Deforestation On Rural Household Income.docxResearchWap
Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stands of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. Examples of deforestation include the conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. Deforestation occurs for many reasons: trees are cut down to be used or sold as fuel (sometimes in the form of charcoal) or timber, while cleared land is used as pasture for livestock, plantations of commodities and settlements. The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has resulted in damage to habitat, biodiversity loss and aridity. It has adverse impacts on the biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Subsistence farming is responsible for 48% of deforestation; commercial agriculture is responsible for 32% of deforestation; logging is responsible for 14% of deforestation and fuel wood removals make up 5% of deforestation.
Other causes of contemporary deforestation may include corruption of government institutions, the inequitable distribution of wealth and power, population growth and overpopulation, and urbanization. Globalization is often viewed as another root cause of deforestation, though there are cases in which the impacts of globalization (new flows of labour, capital, commodities, and ideas) have promoted localized forest recovery.
The Effect Of Agbarho Slaughterhouse Effluent On The Agbarho River Water.docxResearchWap
Water is the prerequisite of life, mankind has settled along the Nile, the Euphrates, the Tigris, the Indus and the Yangtze-Kiang (Marsha et al., 1999). Since ancient times and well before the past millennium, people have sought ways of dealing with water (their main commodity and primary source of drinking, sanitation, irrigation, cultivation, transportation and communication). Two major water supplies are surface water and ground water and are the water resources for readily available water for human consumption. Surface water includes pounds, streams, rivers, oceans and lakes. Pure water rarely occur in nature due to water capacity to dissolve and absorb surrounding materials. Surface water is the most readily available, yet the most polluted as a result of anthropogenic, but happily, controllable activities (David, 2006).In Nigeria, surface water pollution is being associated with surface runoff, industrial effluent, cold-room effluent, domestic waste and abattoir effluent. In this study, emphasis is placed on effluent generated from abattoir processes.
Labour Market Core Skills Requirements And University Graduate Soft Skills Co...ResearchWap
Education is a means of empowerment to an individual and the society. Also, it is a solid tool for developing human capacity needed for a sustainable national development. Tertiary education, which comprises universities, polytechnics, colleges of education and mono technics, has been recognised as a means of developing human capacity required for sustainable national growth and development. Categorically, universities are saddled with the responsibility of developing high-level manpower within the setting of the requirements of the nation. As a result of the globalisation, data innovation and revolution in the present-day learning-based economy, so much prospect has been placed on universities in creating, outfitting and transmitting information for sustainable development and improved standard of living. Consequently, the university plays a critical part in engendering the human capacities with respect to authority, administration and technical expertise.
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The oil impacted areas or spilled areas has affected the habitant of duburu and the nearby communities;
Directly and indirectly either through consumption of harvested crops products from the impacted areas and domestic and non-domestic animals as food, and drinking of domestic or portable water which has been contaminated poses to be hazardous and risky to the human health in general, and also commercially it has made the cost of living and standard of living high because instead of over 85% percent of foods are bought from other communities which are not affected.
Different researches has shown promising results and methods with respect to remediation of oil impacted areas: s
Detailed Quantitative Risk Assessment (DQPA), Risk Assessment Matrix, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), Benzene, Toluene, Ethyle-benzene and Xylene (BTEX), e.t.c. were used for the assessmentof the successful completion of this word.
Design And Production Of Ceiling Board Using Plaster Of Paris (Pop) Gypsum Ma...ResearchWap
This project, Design and production of ceiling board using Plaster of Paris (POP) Gypsum materials. Gypsum is basically the raw material required in the manufacturing Plaster of Paris (POP) which posses an outstanding property and a good material for producing ceiling board.
The materials procured for the project are plaster of Paris, fiber, water and mould. The equipment used for the project are scrapper, measuring tape, mixing bowl, bucket. Firstly, water was poured into the container (mixing bowl) and plaster of Paris sprinkled, two minutes was waited for absorption and then the mortar was mixed with hand and shaked vigorously to obtain a fully homogeneous mixture and thereafter the mortar was sprayed on the mould and fiber was added which serves as reinforcement.
Water absorption test was carried out on the sample and the result indicated that plaster of Paris (POP) ceiling board has an average 8.4 percent water absorptivity compare to Asbestos with 0.5 percent. Therefore plaster of paris (POP) ceiling board absorb water readily in case there is water leakage of the roof. Flexural strength test was carried out and the result obtained showed that plaster of paris (POP) ceiling board has a mean flexural strength of 11.4 N/mm2 and Asbestos has an average flexural strength of about 1.00 N /mm2.
To this end, it is proved that plaster of Paris (POP) ceiling board possess sufficient strength and it is durable for Civil Engineering works.
Assessment Of Heavy Metal In Sediment Of Orogodo River, Agbor, Delta State.docxResearchWap
This study was carried out to examine heavy metals concentration in sediment of upstream and downstream of the entry of the sewage to the Orogodo River, Agbor, Delta state Nigeria . Samples were collected from upstream and downstream and were analyzed for Heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Ca, Mg, Co, Mn and Zn) by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. It shows the concentration of iron, cadmium, manganese, cobalt, chromium, zinc, magnesium, calcium, nickel, lead and copper in mg/kg in sediments sampled.Some specific physico-chemical characteristics, such as TDS, pH, Temperature and conductivity which are known to influence the interactions and dynamics of metals within the sediment. The mean value of the metals listed above in all the six locations gave 126.09mg/kg, 0.000mg/kg, 0.538mg/kg, 0.000mg/kg, 0.141mg/kg, 1.789mg/kg, 1.258mg/kg, 9.49mg/kg, 0.000mg/kg, 0.112mg/kg and 0.0827mg/kg respectively.. The result of the analysis It shown that the concentrations of heavy metal like Zn, Pb, Cr, Ca, Cu, Co, Mg, Mn, Cd and Ni in the sediment are low, but require monitoring to prevent an increase. Hence the concentration of Fe is higher when compared with the WHO and FEPA standard for sediment which may constitute risk to the environment. The concentration of heavy metals varies for the different locations. Based on the result of the analysis, recommendations were offered to reduce the concentration of heavy metal of the river.
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Para-Gothicism is not a rediscovery of the gothic, but rather a rebirth of that style; it is also a modern name for Gothicism, a genre or mode of literature combining elements of both horror and romance. This research study is centred on the novels of Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights. Love and struggle is the central Para-Gothic theme in both Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights. Love is presented as a powerful force in both novels. Love is used by both authors to develop the character's personalities, and produces two different outcomes. Both novels are stories of love and how this powerful emotion was able to overcome countless obstacles. Characters within Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre overcame the constraints society had upon them, what appeared to be their destinies and characters were able to overcome themselves. These obstacles were lengthy struggles that characters within each novel were faced with and went through immense pain all for love. The research study is designed in a five-chapter format, with chapter one as an introductory aspect, which leads to the review of related literature and also followed by the Para-Gothic elements/themes of Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, and finally, chapter four is a concluding part of the research study.
THE ELEMENT OF PARA GOTHICISM CHARLOTTE BRONTE'S JANE EYRE AND EMILY BRONTE'S...ResearchWap
Para-Gothicism is not a rediscovery of the gothic, but rather a rebirth of that style; it is also a modern name for Gothicism, a genre or mode of literature combining elements of both horror and romance. This research study is centred on the novels of Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights. Love and struggle is the central Para-Gothic theme in both Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights. Love is presented as a powerful force in both novels. Love is used by both authors to develop the character's personalities, and produces two different outcomes. Both novels are stories of love and how this powerful emotion was able to overcome countless obstacles. Characters within Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre overcame the constraints society had upon them, what appeared to be their destinies and characters were able to overcome themselves. These obstacles were lengthy struggles that characters within each novel were faced with and went through immense pain all for love. The research study is designed in a five-chapter format, with chapter one as an introductory aspect, which leads to the review of related literature and also followed by the Para-Gothic elements/themes of Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, and finally, chapter four is a concluding part of the research study.
THE DETERMINANTS OF JOB SATISFACTION AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS.docxResearchWap
Job satisfaction is not a new phenomenon at all in any organization. It is one of the topics that have drawn interest among scholars in the field. Many studies have been done on this particular topic for over six decades and thousands of articles have been published (Zembylas& Papantasiu,2006). Job satisfaction has been defined as “a pleasurable emotional state arising from the appraisal of one’s job, an affective reaction to one’s job, and an attitude towards one job (Ubom, 2001). It has also been shown that when job satisfaction in the teaching profession increases, turnover decreases (Robert, 2004).
STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING LOW ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SECO...ResearchWap
This study examines strategies for improving low academic performance in the English language in secondary schools in Kaduna state. Over the years, there has been a consistent decline in students’ performance in the English Language. This sordid situation has caused teachers, parents, curriculum experts and evaluators a serious concern. To carry out this investigation, data were collected from thirty-eight (38) English language teachers randomly from twenty secondary schools in Kaduna North Local Government Area. Analysis of the data revealed that poorly trained English language teachers, poor instructional delivery, lack of infrastructural facilities, teachers’ attitude toward innovation, and the traditional content/knowledge-oriented curriculum were factors associated with students’ low performance in the English language. Based on the findings recommendations were made on strategies that will improve the quality of performance in the subject. In this work, data was collected in the area of material, facilities and human resources available for teaching the subject, using questionnaires, personal interviews and relevant textbooks. Put together, the research questionnaire distributed was forty.
PREDOMINANT DEVICES USED BY NGUGI WA THIONG’O IN HIS NOVEL WIZARD OF THE CROW...ResearchWap
Language is a distinctive quality unique to man. It is what enables man to express him/herself and communicate with his/her fellow man, and it is acquired naturally. According to Fromkin et al “…language is the source of human life and power” (3). They also state that “we use language to convey information to others…, ask questions…, give command…, and express wishes” (173). There are two specific media of using language: oral – which is by words of mouth; and written – which is a graphic representation of words on paper.
It is in the use of language that style comes in. Style shows the difference between one piece of writing and the other. According to Adejare, “style is an ambiguous term…” (1). He further states that the term style means different things to different professions. Some examples are: to a psychologist, a style is a form of behaviour, to the critic, style is individuality and to the linguist, it is the formal structures in function (1).
Stylistics is the study of oral and written texts. It is the description of the linguistic characteristics (which means features of linguistics) of all situationally restricted uses of language. Linguistics is the scientific study of language or of a particular language. Linguistics is scientific because it applies the method of objective observation, collection, classification and application of facts to the study of language.
Stylistics focuses on texts and gives much attention to the devices, parts of speech and figures of speech. It goes further to look into the effects of the use of the devices on the reader.
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Area, Kwara State.
A sample of secondary schools was randomly selected. The questionnaire was administered to one hundred and sixty principals and Teachers for research, questions were generated and tested for the study. The result obtained showed good principal human relation strategies and Teachers' job performance by involving them in Motivation, Communication, Safety and collaboration for smoothly running of the school.
Therefore, the principal and Teachers should continue having a good relationship to bring about improvement of the teacher and output of the school (student). The principal can also influence the teacher’s activities towards improving teacher skills, organizing workshops, in-service training and seminars.
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In the Work Propaganda in Politics, the use of language for effect in electioneering campaign seeks to x-ray the role language play as an agent of influence. This work considers the influence of propaganda on the electorate making use of some linguistic devices, like Repetition, Word Coinages, Exaggeration, Attacks on Party Logo and Slogan, Vagueness, Abusive expression etc.
Propaganda has been the deliberate distortion of fact in order to influence people to change their line of thought or to blindly maintain their line of thought. Language in the other sense is the tool or medium via which this intention is achieved because you may have thought of something but if not communicated it cannot achieve your desired effect. Generally, the researcher is concerned with the campaign of calumny in the 2007 general elections in Nigeria, necessary recommendations will be made at the end of the work.
PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF WHATSAPP CHATS.docxResearchWap
Language is one of the most complex of all human-specific phenomena. Its convolutions of parts and meanings. It goes beyond its semiotic possibility of conveying information at a communicative level to have an art form that exists by it alone which is known as the literary art.
At the communicative level, it involves other tools to aid interlocution namely voice modulation and pitch, gesticulations which for the sake of this study include facial expressions and feedback from the other person for the clarification of meanings and understanding. At the interpersonal level, language is always based on contextual sense-making as the complexity of language always bears upon every utterance.
Remove the verbal and personal arrangement of this semiotic speech act and all the other tools for sense-making to go with it. So that one runs the risk of being misunderstood which defeats the aim of conversations at all levels. However, with the advancement of technology especially in the telecommunications sector, people now rely much on texting and instant messaging platforms are becoming more and more popular across social classes and with this popularity comes the need for its acceptance by formal and informal purposes.
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Nigeria’s political problems sprang from the carefree manner in which the British took over, administered, and abandoned the government and people of Nigeria. British administrators did not make an effort to weld the country together and unite the heterogeneous groups of people. Though many things we have today are due to their enlightenment, they still left us hanging. According to Adewele Ademoyega in his book Why We Struck 1981, he said that when the British came, they forcibly rubber-stamped the political state of the ethnic groups of Nigeria, and maintained that status quo until they left. According to him upon their departure nearly a hundred years later, the people resumed fighting for their political rights.
When the British came to Nigeria as an imperial nation to take over the rulership of the country from 1861 (with the cession of Lagos), they met the people of the south totally free, only observing and regulating their own monarchies and institutions (Adewele Ademoyega: Why We Struck). Chinua Achebe in his work or novel Things Fall Apart, 1958, tries to portray the life Africans lived before and during the arrival of the Europeans in Nigeria.
Things Fall Apart tells the tragic story of the rise and fall of Okonkwo and the equally tragic story of the disintegration of Igbo culture, symbolized by the agrarian society of Umofia, under the relentless encroachments of British Christian imperialism.
For Achebe, Mister Johnson represents the worst kind of portrayal of Africans by Europeans. To him, the portrayal was all the more disheartening because John Cary was working hard to achieve an accurate depiction, unlike many British authors during the imperial colonial period who deliberately, often cynically, exploited the stereotyping of Africans and African society. It was precise because John Cary was a liberal-minded and sympathetic writer, as well as a colonial administrator that Achebe felt the record had to be set straight. Achebe’s purpose then is to write about and for his own people. His first novels form a continuum over one hundred years of Igbo civilization. The Europeans have not yet penetrated Umuofia, the setting of the first novel when Things Fall Apart beings. When the novel ends colonial rule has been established. His other novels talk about the different changes that took place before independence and after it.
The British governed Nigeria indirectly through their traditional rulers, as a result, the true leader of the masses was hamstrung and held down. Just because Africans were given authority to rule over their own people, they saw it as a means to maltreat those that have wronged them, extort from those that have more than them and sell his/her own brother and sister for favours from the superior leaders - The British. (Adewele Ademoyega: Why We Struck).
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. Pragmatic Analysis Of Whatsapp Chats
Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
Language is one of the most complex of all human-specific phenomena. Its convolutions of parts
and meanings. It goes beyond its semiotic possibility of conveying information at a
communicative level to have an art form that exists by it alone which is known as the literary art.
At the communicative level, it involves other tools to aid interlocution namely voice modulation
and pitch, gesticulations which for the sake of this study include facial expressions and feedback
from the other person for the clarification of meanings and understanding. At the interpersonal
level, language is always based on contextual sense-making as the complexity of language
always bears upon every utterance.
Remove the verbal and personal arrangement of this semiotic speech act and all the other tools
for sense-making to go with it. So that one runs the risk of being misunderstood which defeats
the aim of conversations at all levels. However, with the advancement of technology especially
in the telecommunications sector, people now rely much on texting and instant messaging
platforms are becoming more and more popular across social classes and with this popularity
comes the need for its acceptance by formal and informal purposes.
Statement of the Problem
The use of the WhatsApp instant messaging application involves a two-way attempt to decipher
interlocution beyond the texts. So features like emojis and Smiley’s are added to aid
2. understanding while shorthands are also evolved and their meanings learnt by users and new
users. However, a greater chance of sense-making still lies in the texts and how users are able to
adjust to each person's texting pattern. In any event, one relies majorly on the context in order to
make sense of what is being read and when this fails, one asks for clarifications from the other
person(s). This is the problem that has given rise to the present research: to conduct a pragmatic
study of WhatsApp chats.
ResearchQuestions
o what are the common methods through which users arrive at a contextual meaning
of texts on the Application?
o How far can the Contextual theory of semantics with all its shortcomings bear
upon any study such as the present one?
o What are the troubles users tend to run into in terms of sense-making on the
platform
o And how peculiar are the texting styles across different regions
Objectives of the Study
The major purpose of this research work is to carry out a pragmatic analysis of the intricacies of
the WhatsApp instant messaging application. This would be achieved through:
An identification of the various common methods users employs in the contextual sense-
making process.
The research will describe in detail the movement of contextual sensemaking among
users of the instant messaging application. This description will aim at looking at these
methods as they develop into popularity among a particular age range usually the
millennials.
o Significance of the Study
The present research work is deeply significant especially as it closes up an academic gap which
has been called it up. In language study especially the part the linguistics are mandated to study,
the research will give models for reading WhatsApp conversations and other conversations on
similar platforms with similar features like Imo, Instagram Direct Message and Facebook
Messenger.
In the wider picture and seeing that many legal conversations go on with the use of the app,
forensics and criminal law can gain insight from the work done here in understanding how to
handle conversations of this kind tendered as evidence in legal action.
ResearchHypothesis
The assumption on which this research work is predicated upon the assumption that the
contextual sense-making process is what is used by users of the instant messaging application:
WhatsApp.
Scope of the Study
3. The focus of this research work is on deciphering how sense-making in WhatsApp chats is
predicated upon the context of messages. While focusing on WhatsApp references would be
made as the discussion progresses to other instant messaging software like the Facebook
Messenger app and Imo.
Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of this research work are time issues and the nature of the research which
would require sifting through a random cross-section of WhatsApp chats in order to better carry
out the study which would also require lots of time and financial resources.
Definition of Terms
Pragmatics
This is the branch of linguistics that enquires into how the context of texts and word usages bear
upon their meanings.
EDITOR SOURCE: Pragmatic AnalysisOf WhatsappChats