This programmed learning material teaches about figures of speech through interactive slides. It discusses various types of figures including simile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron, hyperbole, alliteration, apostrophe and onomatopoeia. The material provides examples and tests the learner's understanding through multiple choice questions. It emphasizes that figures of speech enhance writing by adding depth, imagery and beauty beyond the ordinary use of language.

1. St. Joseph College of Teacher Education for Women,
Ernakulam
PRACTICAL
EDU 103: Development and Resources in Educational Technology
107.1 Practical: Creation of blog and uploading in Educational
Technology
Submitted by
Neha Babu
English optional
Roll no: 13
Submitted to
Mrs. Anu Cleetus
Assistant Professor

2. PROGRAMMED
LEARNING MATERIAL

3. Hi learner!
Today you are going to learn FIGURES OF SPEECH.
A figure of speech is a word or phrase that is used in a non-literal way to create an
effect. This effect may be rhetorical as in the deliberate arrangement of words to
achieve something poetic, or imagery as in the use of language to suggest a visual
picture or make an idea more vivid. Overall, figures of speech function as literary
devices because of their expressive use of language. Words are used in other ways
than their literal meanings or typical manner of application. It usually emphasizes,
embellishes, or clarifies language in both written and oral form. We can see its
usage in literature too. We can even see it in advertisements, posters, slogans,
newspapers, magazines, cartoons, etc. Types of figure of speech include simile,
metaphor, personification, oxymoron, hyperbole, alliteration and many more.
FRAME 1
Move to slide 1

4. A figure of speech is….
a. A familiar expression - go to slide 2
b. A non-literal way of saying something - go to slide 3
c. What the author literally means - go to slide 4
d. Something only writers use - go to slide 5
SLIDE 1
Let me
think..

5. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(a) A familiar expression is a wrong answer.
The types of figure of speech is not familiar but differs
with each other.
SLIDE 2

6. CONGRATULATIONS!
Option(b) A non-literal way of saying something is the
right answer.
SLIDE 3

7. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(c) what the author literally means is a wrong answer.
Figure of speech are used in non literal sense which are
constructed using literary devices.
SLIDE 4

8. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(d) Something only writers use is a wrong answer
Figure of speech can be used in literature as well as
everyday life.
SLIDE 5
Move to Frame 2

9. Lets look at what Simile is…
A simile is a figure of speech that is mainly used to compare two or more things that
possess a similar quality. It uses words such as ‘like’ or ‘as’ to make the comparison.
simile is generally used in a sentence to make comparisons between two or more
nouns and this is done with the use of words such as ‘like’ or ‘as’. The general idea
of using a simile with the word ‘as’ is by using a noun that is known for a particular
quality. For example: as proud as a peacock, as busy as a bee and so on. A simile is a
direct comparison of two like or unlike things. Examples of similes include-
• As slow as a sloth
• As busy as a bee
• Runs like a horse
• Like a box of chocolates
FRAME 2
Move to Slide 6

10. Which of the following is a simile?
a. He’s quiet like me - go to slide 7
b. She’s quiet as a mouse - go to slide 8
c. They’re louder than anyone I’ve ever met! - go to slide 9
d. They tend to be quiet - go to slide 10
SLIDE 6
Let me
think..

11. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(a) He’s quiet like me is a wrong answer.
Here, he is not compared to a person or a thing.
SLIDE 7

12. CONGRATULATIONS!
Option(b) she’s quiet as a mouse is the right answer.
SLIDE 8

13. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(c) They’re louder than anyone I’ve ever met is a wrong
answer.
Here, ‘like’ or ‘as’ is not used for comparison.
SLIDE 9

14. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(d) They tend to be quiet is a wrong answer.
Here, ‘like’ or ‘as’ is not used for comparison.
SLIDE 10
Move to Frame 3

15. Complete the simile by filling up the blank:
“she was as light as a _____?
a. Feather - go to slide 11
b. Coal - go to slide 12
c. Elephant - go to slide 13
d. Bat - go to slide 14
Frame 3
Let me
think..

16. CONGRATULATIONS!
Option(a) Feather is the right answer.
SLIDE 11

17. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(b) Coal is a wrong answer.
As black as coal is the simile for the word coal.
SLIDE 12

18. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(c) Elephant is a wrong answer.
As big as an elephant is the simile for the word elephant.
SLIDE 13

19. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(d) Bat is a wrong answer.
As blind as a bat is the simile for the word bat.
SLIDE 14
Move to Frame 4

20. Lets look at what Metaphor is…
A metaphor is a figure of speech that is used to make a comparison, but in a way
different from a simile. Instead, it makes the comparison as if it was literally true. In
other words, it can be said that a metaphor is an implied comparison. It makes a
comparison between things or ideas that are generally unlike. It does not use any
specific words to make a comparison. Examples of metaphor include:
• My mom has a heart of gold.
• She was an autumn leaf.
• He is a lion when he comes to the field.
FRAME 4
Move to Slide 15

21. Identify the metaphor.
a. He was as fast as a cheetah - go to slide 16
b. He was as tall as a skyscraper - go to slide 17
c. Fruit is fuel for healthy body - go to slide 18
d. The toddler was like a wild monkey - go to slide 19
SLIDE 15
Let me
think..
Move to Slide 16

22. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(a) He was as fast as a cheetah is a wrong answer.
This is a simile because “as” is used.
SLIDE 16

23. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(b) He was as tall as a skyscraper is a wrong answer.
This is a simile because “as” is used.
SLIDE 17

24. CONGRATULATIONS!
Option(c) Fruit is fuel for healthy body is the right answer.
SLIDE 18

25. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(d) The toddler was like a wild monkey is a wrong answer.
This is a simile because “like” is used.
SLIDE 19

26. Lets look at what Personification is…
Personification is a figure of speech that is used to attribute human characteristics
to something that is not human. It can also be used to personify an abstract quality.
Personification can be used in a sentence to describe something concisely and also
to bring a deeper meaning and connection to the object or virtue being personified.
However, it is figurative and so it cannot be used in formal essays, any kind of
professional or technical writing or to convey something literal. Personification can
be used to make your readers empathize with the characters, both human and non-
human. Example include:
• “The moon methinks looks with a watery eye;
• said the sunflowers, shining with dew.
• The flowers danced to the wind.
FRAME 5
Move to Slide 20

27. “The bright orange walls screamed at her as
She walked into the room.” what is being
Personified?
a. The walls - go to slide 21
b. The scream - go to slide 22
c. The room - go to slide 23
d. The orange - go to slide 24
SLIDE 20
Let me
think..

28. CONGRATULATIONS!
Option(a) The walls is the right answer.
SLIDE 21

29. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(b) The scream is a wrong answer.
Scream is not an object so it cannot be personified.
SLIDE 22

30. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(c) The room is a wrong answer.
Room cannot be personified here.
SLIDE 23

31. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(d) The orange is a wrong answer.
Orange is the color of the wall which cannot be personified.
SLIDE 24
Move to Frame 6

32. What is the meaning of this personification?
“The camera loves me!”
a. Photography is one of my hobbies - go to slide 25
b. I own an expensive camera - go to slide 26
c. Photos of me are always really good - go to slide 27
d. I like to visit art museums - go to slide 28
Frame 6
Let me
think..

33. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(a) Photography is one of my hobbies is wrong answer.
It does not relate or personifies with the question.
SLIDE 25

34. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(b) I own an expensive camera is wrong answer.
It does not relate or personifies with the question.
SLIDE 26

35. CONGRATULATIONS!
Option(c) Photos of me are always good is the right answer.
SLIDE 27

36. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(d) I like to visit art museums is wrong answer.
It does not relate or personifies with the question.
SLIDE 28
Move to Frame 7

37. Lets look at what an Oxymoron is…
An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines contradictory words with
opposing meanings, like “old news,” “deafening silence,” or “organized chaos.”
Oxymorons may seem illogical at first, but in context they usually make sense.
Oxymorons are often used poetically as a way of bringing out a fresh meaning in a
word or phrase. The word oxymoron is an ancient Greek word, which translates
most closely to something like “sharply dull” or “cleverly stupid.” In other words,
the oxymoron definition is itself an oxymoron. Example are:
• They asked us to submit the original copy.
• My sister and I had a friendly fight.
• Lalu looked awfully pretty at the party today.
FRAME 7
Move to Slide 29

38. “There was a joyful sadness in her beautiful
Face.” What is the oxymoron?
a. Beautiful face - go to slide 30
b. Such a - go to slide 31
c. Joyful sadness - go to slide 32
d. Beautiful - go to slide 33
SLIDE 29
Let me
think..

39. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(a) Beautiful face is wrong answer.
These words are not contradictory and opposite of each other.
SLIDE 30

40. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(b) Such a is wrong answer.
These are not contradictory and opposite of each other.
SLIDE 31

41. CONGRATULATIONS!
Option(c) Joyful sadness is the right answer.
SLIDE 32

42. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(d) Such a is wrong answer.
These are not contradictory and opposite of each other.
SLIDE 33
Move to Frame 8

43. Lets look at what an Anaphora is…
Anaphora is a figure of speech in which words repeat at the beginning of successive
clauses, phrases, or sentences. The repetition is intentional and is used to add style
and emphasis to text or speech. Because anaphora affects both meaning and style,
you’ll find examples of it in poetry, prose, dialogue, speeches, and song lyrics. It’s a
literary device with the power to emphasize meaning, add emotion, and create a
sense of rhythm. Examples are:
• “Be bold. Be brief. Be gone.”
• “I wish I may; I wish I might.”
• “Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice, shame on me.”
FRAME 8
Move to Slide 34

44. Which word is an example of anaphora in the
this passage: Every man, every women, every
child, should be loved.
a. Man - go to slide 35
b. Every - go to slide 36
c. woman - go to slide 37
d. Child - go to slide 38
SLIDE 34
Let me
think..

45. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(a) Man is wrong answer.
There is no repetition of the word in the passage.
SLIDE 35

46. CONGRATULATIONS!
Option(b) Every is the right answer.
SLIDE 36

47. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(c) woman is wrong answer.
There is no repetition of the word in the passage.
SLIDE 37

48. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(d) child is wrong answer.
There is no repetition of the word in the passage.
SLIDE 38
Move to Frame 9

49. Lets look at what Onomatopoeia is…
An onomatopoeia is a word that sounds like the noise it describes. The spelling and
pronunciation of that word is directly influenced by the sound it defines in real life.
All onomatopoeia words describe specific sounds. For example, "The acorn plopped
into the puddle." Typically, we associate plopping with raindrops. In this instance,
we're using onomatopoeia to show the acorn is imitating that sound. Other
examples include:
• The rocks kerplunk as they fall into the lake.
• Listen to the pitter-patter of raindrops on the leaves.
• Lighting crackles and thunder rumbles through the night.
FRAME 9
Move to Slide 39

50. Find the onomatopoeic word: “when Hannah pressed the
bag, she took off so quickly hat her tires screeched.”
a. Pressed - go to slide 40
b. Screeched - go to slide 41
c. Gas - go to slide 42
d. Tires - go to slide 43
SLIDE 39
Let me
think..

51. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(a) Pressed is wrong answer.
It does not imitate the sound associated with the object.
SLIDE 40

52. CONGRATULATIONS!
Option(b) Screeched is the right answer.
SLIDE 41

53. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(c) Gas is wrong answer.
It does not imitate the sound associated with the object.
SLIDE 42

54. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(d) Tires is wrong answer.
It does not imitate the sound associated with the object.
SLIDE 43
Move to Frame 10

55. Lets look at what an Apostrophe is…
We sometimes connect two words to make one shorter word. We use an
apostrophe to show that we have left out one or more letters.
do not → don’t = They don’t like salt in their food.
it is → it’s = It’s a long way to walk.
is not → isn’t = Isn’t that such a pretty dress?
FRAME 10
Move to Slide 44

56. Which option is using apostrophes correctly?
a. Dans burger’s - go to slide 45
b. Lisas cookie’s - go to slide 46
c. Mikes bike’s - go to slide 47
d. Kelly’s socks - go to slide 48
SLIDE 44
Let me
think..

57. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(a) Dans burger’s is wrong answer.
Dan’s burgers is the correct usage.
SLIDE 45

58. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(b) Lisas cookie’s is wrong answer.
Lisa’s cookies is the correct usage.
SLIDE 46

59. OOPS! YOUR ANSWER IS WRONG
Option(c) Mikes bike’s is wrong answer.
Mike’s bikes is the correct usage.
SLIDE 47

60. CONGRATULATIONS!
Option(d) Kelly’s socks is the right answer.
SLIDE 48
Move to Frame 11

61. Lets summarize…
A figure of speech is a deviation from the ordinary use of words in order to increase
their effectiveness. It enhances the beauty of the writing. It makes the sentence
deeper and leaves the reader with a sense of wonder. It brings life to the words
used by the writer. The figure of Speech not only shows the writer's intent but also
his purpose in using such language. It adds flavor to the writing and makes it so
much more enjoyable for the reader. Some figures of speech enhance imagery,
while others allow writers to employ rich cultural traditions to express their ideas.
Even further, other figures of speech allow writers to experiment with structure
and sound to create specific effects. No matter which type is used, the expressive
quality of figures of speech helps keep audiences engaged.
FRAME 11

62. CONGRATULATIONS!
You have successfully completed the lesson!
Thank you for utilising this material.