The document discusses language and different types of figurative language used in writing. It defines language as a method of human communication that can be spoken or written using structured words. There are two main types of language: literal, which uses the denotative meaning of words, and figurative, which uses symbolic meanings to make writing more evocative. The document then defines and provides examples of different figures of speech like metaphor, simile, personification, and oxymoron that are used in figurative language. It concludes with an activity for students to identify these figures of speech in examples.

1. LANGUAGE

2. Definitions:
• Language is one of the many methods of human
communication.
• It may either be spoken or written and consists of
the use of words in a structured and conventional
way.
• It also involves different styles and techniques to
successfully achieve the goal or conveying a clear
and correct message to the readers.

3. THE TWO TYPES
OF
LANGUAGE
Literal Figurative

4. Literal or Ordinary Language
• Are words that usually carry their
denotative meaning or their dictionary
definition.
• These words are viewed as lifeless, drab and
boring; since they lack poetic substance.
• Literal or ordinary language is still
important, because it gives a sense of
realness to the text

5. Figurative or Symbolic Language
• It is the use of words, phrases and
expressions that goes beyond their literal
meaning.
• It is used to turn normal writing into
evocative, convincing, and powerful
written pieces.

6. THE DIFFERENT
FIGURES OF SPEECH

7. Euphemism
It is the substitution of an agreeable or less
offensive expression in place of one that may
offend or suggest something unpleasant to the
listener.

8. Example:
“Shake what your mama gave you
Misbehave you”
- Wiggle by Jason Derulo

9. Epithet
These are names or phrases that deploy the
distinctive characteristic of a person, animal,
or a deity. This is usually used when calling
upon something or someone based on one’s
need.

10. Example:
“Ar Rahman, Ar Raheem, Al Malik,
Ul Quddoos, As Salaam, Ul Mumin,
Ul Muhaimin, Ul ‘Azeez”
- 99 Names of Allah (swt)
by Kamal Uddin

11. Example:
“Elohim- The Creator, Jehovah Shammah- The Lord
is there, Adonai- May Master, EL Elyon- The God
Most High, YHWH- You are the Lord,
M'kaddishkem- Sanctfies You”
- Name of God
by Laurell Hubick

12. Eponym
This is a name of a person or deity which is so
commonly associated with some widely
organized trait or characteristic that the name
itself becomes a substitute for a trait or
characteristic.

13. Example:
“Make me your Aphrodite. Make me your one and
only”
- Dark Horse by Katy Perry

14. Hyperbole
It is the exaggeration or over statement of
speech.

15. Example:
“I'd catch a grenade for you
Throw my hand on a blade for you
I'd jump in front of a train for you
You know I'd do anything for you”
- Grenade by Bruno Mars

16. Metaphor
It is a figure of speech which makes and
implicit, implied, or hidden comparison
between two unrelated things. The
resemblance of the two contradictory things is
based on their common characteristics.

17. Example:
“Your voice was the soundtrack of my summer
Do you know you're unlike any other?
You'll always be my thunder, and I said
Your eyes are the brightest of all the colors”
- Thunder by Boys Like Girls

18. Onomatopoeia
It is a word without meaning, but imitates the
sound it represents.

19. Example:
“Bang bang into the room
Bang bang all over you”
- Bang Bang
by
Jessie J ft. A. Grande and N. Minaj

20. Oxymoron
It is the placement of two contradictory
words.

21. Example:
“Tale as old as time, a-a-ay
Tune as old as song, oh
Bitter sweet and strange
Finding you can change
Learning you were wrong”
- Beauty and the Beast by Ariana Grande and John
Legend

22. Paradox
It reveals a kind of truth, which at first seems
contradictory. Basically, it is the mixture of
two opposing ideas to state a general truth.

23. Example:
“You were my strength when I was weak
You were my voice when I couldn't speak
You were my eyes when I couldn't see”
- Because You Loved Me by Celine Dion

24. Personification
It is a figure of speech in which a thing, an
idea, or an animal is given human attributes;
that they can act and feel like human beings.

25. Example:
“It’s the house telling you to close your eyes”
- Little Talks by Of Monsters and Men

26. Simile
It makes a comparison , showing similarities
between two different things. Unlike a
metaphor, it draws a resemblance with the
help of the words “like” or “as”. Therefore,
the resemblance can be differentiated and not
totally merging the idea of their comparison.

27. Example:
“Why does love always feel like a battlefield, a
battlefield, a battlefield”
- Battlefield by Jordin Sparks

28. Understatement
It is used to state what is apparent or what is
obvious as if the receiver of the statement is
oblivious of the truth.

29. Example:
“Hey
I know there are some things we need to talk about
And I can't stay
Just let me hold you for a little longer now”
- Never Be Alone by Shawn Mendez

30. Euphemism
It is the substitution of an agreeable or less
offensive expression in place of one that may
offend or suggest something unpleasant to the
listener.

31. Example:
“Shake what your mama gave you
Misbehave you”
- Wiggle by Jason Derulo

32. Euphemism
It is the substitution of an agreeable or less
offensive expression in place of one that may
offend or suggest something unpleasant to the
listener.

33. Example:
“Shake what your mama gave you
Misbehave you”
- Wiggle by Jason Derulo

34. CLASS ACTIVITY

35. Instructions:
1. The learners form pairs.
2. The class will be given 10 minutes to study
the different figurative language found in their
notes.
3. After the preparation time, one student from
each pair moves to from one large circle in the class
facing outward.
4. The remaining students find and face their
individual partner, thus forming an outer circle.

36. 6. Each learner must right his or her name on
the upper left hand corner of the content card.
Example:
“You were my strength when I was weak
You were my voice when I couldn't speak
You were my eyes when I couldn't see
You saw the best there was in me
Lifted me up when I couldn't reach
You gave me faith 'coz you believed
I'm everything I am
Because you loved me”
- Because You Loved Me by Celine Dion (Answer: Paradox)

37. 7. The inside circle learners will read the line
out loud from their card and the outside learners
must answer.
8. At the prompting of the teacher, the outer
circle will be given 15 seconds to ponder. At the
end of the time allotment, they must give their
answer to their partner. The one who answers
must honestly mark the back of the card with a
stroke if the answer given is correct. Nothing shall
be written if the answer is incorrect.
9. The partners switch roles.

38. 11. The same prep time and score recording will
be observed.
12. Inside circle students rotate clockwise to a
new partner.
13. Repeat all the steps.
14. All cards will be collected and the teacher will
synthesize the activity.

39. QUESTIONS

40. How will life be without the senses?

41. How are the senses a big help to creative writing?

42. Based on your own understanding, how can analogy
help with the development of your writing?

43. How hard was it for you to guess the figures of speech
and why?

44. How do you differentiate the usefulness of figurative
language from literal language to creative writing?

45. INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY

46. You will complete a worksheet titled “Example Splash”. You are
asked to compose your original examples for the different topics that
have been discussed in the class. The purpose of this task is to assess
if the you are able to distinguish between the different ways of using
imagery, analogy, and figures of speech.
Rubric for the Number 1 Task:
Relevance to the topic 15
Organization 15
Total 30

47. JOURNAL

48. The world is a beautiful place. You don’t
even need a painting or a camera to
appreciate it. All of the things here on earth
can be enjoyed because you have been given
eyes to see, a tongue to taste, ears to listen
and hear, skin to feel, and a nose to smell.
How would life be without these senses?
How will you influence others on taking
care of their sensory organs?

49. THANK YOU!