Practically Speaking by J. Dan Rothwell © 2018 2Chapter 15Foundations of Persuasive SpeakingDefining PersuasionGoals of PersuasionAttitude-Behavior ConsistencyElaboration Likelihood ModelPropositions: Fact, Value, and Policy ClaimsCulture and Persuasion © 2018 3Chapter 15 Learning Objectives1 Identify the definition of persuasion in the context of speech content.2 Choose an appropriate goal of a persuasive speech for a given audience.3 Determine the inconsistencies in audience attitude and behavior that can impact how a speaker chooses a persuasive speaking strategy.4 Identify how to use the elaboration likelihood model to help listeners sort important and relevant persuasive content.5 Determine strategies for choosing an effective type of persuasive proposition for a given audience.6 Assess how culture can impact a given persuasive speaking situation. © 2018 4Defining Persuasion Persuasion is the communication process of converting, modifying, or maintaining the attitudes and/or behavior of others What is the difference between coercion and persuasion? © 2018 5Coercion vs. Persuasion Perception of Choice Coercion Persuasion ThreatsArgument Physical forceEvidence BlackmailReasoning ViolenceEmotion © 2018 6Three Goals of PersuasionConversionModificationMaintenance © 2018 7Conversion: Radical PersuasionThe Social Judgement Theory of persuasion says that listeners compare persuasive messages with attitudes they already holdListeners rely on anchors, or reference points, to form their latitude of: AcceptanceNoncommitment, and/orRejection © 2018 8Conversion is an Extremely Difficult Goal © 2018 9Why Conversion Is Extremely Difficult Social Judgment Theory © 2018 10Modification: Do Not Ask For the Moon Incremental change, not abrupt, major change is far more likely to be persuasive Ban ALL guns Ban assault rifles Vs. © 2018 11Maintenance: Keep ‘Em Coming Back © 2018 12Attitude-Behavior Consistency © 2018 13Reasons for Attitude-Behavior InconsistenciesDirect vs. indirect experienceSocial pressureEffort required © 2018 14Direct Experience: No Secondhand AttitudesAttitudes formed from direct experience usually conform more closely to actual behavior than those formed more indirectlyHelp your audience feel that they are affected by the problem you describe or empathize with those afflictedExample of direct versus indirect experience © 2018 15Social Pressure: Getting Heat from Others © 2018 16Effort Required: Degree of DifficultyFind the easiest ways for listeners to express their supportSuggest ways that even complex solutions can be implemented in relatively simple, straightforward stepsExample of effort required with solutions to opioid addiction © 2018 17Elaboration Likelihood ModelThe elaboration likelihood model (ELM) of persuasion explains how listeners cope with and sort persuasive messagesThere are two primary routes to persuasion according to ELM: Central Route (skepticism): Use ...