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Practical Deep
Learning Using
TensorFlow
Sandeep Kath
What is machine learning?
if(speed<4){
status=WALKING;
} else if(speed<12){
status=RUNNING;
} else {
status=BIKING;
}
Everyday we are using deep-learning
• Apple’s iPhone X uses deep learning for facial
recognition
• Smart Speakers – Amazon Echo, Google Home
• Traffic Predictions – Google Maps
• Videos Surveillance
• Social Media Services – Friend Recommendation
• Email Spam Filters
• Virtual Assistants – Customer Support
• Online Fraud Detection
What is Deep Learning?
• Deep Learning
• Supervised, semi-supervised and unsupervised methods.
• Deep Neural Networks
• Neural Networks more than 2 layers
• Sophisticated mathematical modeling
• To extract feature-set automatically
Deep NN... Deep NN...
What is
TensorFlow?
• Open source software library by Google
• Originally created for tasks with heavy numerical
computations
• Main Application: Machine Learning & Deep Neural Networks
• C/C++ Backend
Why
TensorFlow?
• Based upon Dataflow Graphs
• Faster Compile Times
• Supports CPUs, GPUs and distributed processing
What is Tensor?
• Tensor is multi-dimensional
array
• It can be
• zero dimensional as
scalar values
• One dimensional as line
or vector
• Multi-dimensional as
Matrix and so-on
Why Deep Learning with TensorFlow?
EXTENSIVE BUILT-IN SUPPORT
FOR DEEP LEARNING
MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
FOR NEURAL NETWORKS
AUTO-DIFFERENTIATION AND
FIRST-RATE OPTIMIZERS
5-step model life cycle
• Define the model.
• Compile the model.
• Fit the model.
• Evaluate the model.
• Make predictions.
...
# define the model
model = ...
...
# compile the model
model.compile(optimizer='sgd', loss='mse')
...
# fit the model
model.fit(X, y, epochs=100, batch_size=32)
...
# evaluate the model
loss = model.evaluate(X, y, verbose=0)
...
# make a prediction
yhat = model.predict(X)
Deep Neural
Networks
• Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
• Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)
• Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)
Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
• A single perceptron (or neuron)
can be imagined as a Logistic
Regression.
• Artificial Neural Network, or
ANN, is a group of multiple
perceptrons/ neurons at each
layer.
• ANN is also known as a Feed-
Forward Neural.
network because inputs are
processed only in the forward
direction
ANN Perceptron
Convolution Neural Network (CNN)
• Convolutional neural networks apply a filter
to an input to create a feature map that
summarizes the presence of detected
features in the input.
• Kernels/Filters are used to extract the
relevant features from the input using the
convolution operation.
A convolutional layer
A filter
A CNN is a neural network with some convolutional layers
(and some other layers). A convolutional layer has a number
of filters that does convolutional operation.
Convolution
1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0
6 x 6 image
1 -1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 -1 1
Filter 1
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
Filter 2
…
…
These are the network
parameters to be learned.
Each filter detects a
small pattern (3 x 3).
Convolution
1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0
6 x 6 image
1 -1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 -1 1
Filter 1
3 -1
stride=1
Dot
product
Convolution
1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0
6 x 6 image
1 -1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 -1 1
Filter 1
3 -3
If stride=2
Convolution
1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0
6 x 6 image
1 -1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 -1 1
Filter 1
3 -1 -3 -1
-3 1 0 -3
-3 -3 0 1
3 -2 -2 -1
stride=1
Convolution
1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0
6 x 6 image
3 -1 -3 -1
-3 1 0 -3
-3 -3 0 1
3 -2 -2 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
Filter 2
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -2 1
-1 -1 -2 1
-1 0 -4 3
Repeat this for each filter
stride=1
Two 4 x 4 images
Forming 2 x 4 x 4 matrix
Feature
Map
Color image: RGB 3 channels
1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0
1 -1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 -1 1
Filter 1
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
Filter 2
1 -1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 -1 1
1 -1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 -1 1
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
Color image
1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0
image
convolution
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
1 -1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 -1 1
1x
2x
…
…
36x
…
…
1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0
Convolution v.s. Fully Connected
Fully-
connected
1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0
6 x 6 image
1 -1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 -1 1
Filter 1
1
2
3
…
8
9
…
13
14
15
…
Only connect to 9
inputs, not fully
connected
4:
10:
16
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
3
fewer parameters!
1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0
1 -1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 -1 1
Filter 1
1:
2:
3:
…
7:
8:
9:
…
13:
14:
15:
…
4:
10:
16:
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
3
-1
Shared weights
6 x 6 image
Fewer parameters
Even fewer parameters
The whole CNN
Fully Connected
Feedforward network
cat dog ……
Convolution
Max Pooling
Convolution
Max Pooling
Flattened
Can
repeat
many
times
Max Pooling
3 -1 -3 -1
-3 1 0 -3
-3 -3 0 1
3 -2 -2 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
Filter 2
-1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 -2 1
-1 -1 -2 1
-1 0 -4 3
1 -1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 -1 1
Filter 1
Pooling
• Subsampling pixels will not change the object
Subsampling
bird
bird
We can subsample the pixels to make image smaller
fewer parameters to characterize the image
A CNN compresses a fully connected network
in following ways:
• Reducing number of connections
• Shared weights on the edges
• Max pooling further reduces the complexity
Max Pooling
1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0
6 x 6 image
3 0
13
-1 1
30
2 x 2 image
Each filter
is a channel
New image
but smaller
Conv
Max
Pooling
The whole CNN
Convolution
Max Pooling
Convolution
Max Pooling
Can
repeat
many
times
A new image
The number of channels
is the number of filters
Smaller than the original
image
3 0
13
-1 1
30
The whole CNN
Fully Connected
Feedforward network
cat dog ……
Convolution
Max Pooling
Convolution
Max Pooling
Flattened
A new image
A new image
Flattening
3 0
13
-1 1
30 Flattened
3
0
1
3
-1
1
0
3
Fully Connected
Feedforward network
CNN in TensorFlow using Keras
Convolution
Max Pooling
Convolution
Max Pooling
input
1 -1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 -1 1
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
-1 1 -1
There are
25 3x3
filters.
…
…
Input_shape = ( 28 , 28 , 1)
1: black/white, 3: RGB28 x 28 pixels
3 -1
-3 1
3
CNN in Keras
Convolution
Max Pooling
Convolution
Max Pooling
Input
1 x 28 x 28
25 x 26 x 26
25 x 13 x 13
50 x 11 x 11
50 x 5 x 5
How many parameters for
each filter?
How many parameters
for each filter?
9
225=
25x9
Only modified the network structure and input
format (vector -> 3-D array)CNN in Keras
Convolution
Max Pooling
Convolution
Max Pooling
Input
1 x 28 x 28
25 x 26 x 26
25 x 13 x 13
50 x 11 x 11
50 x 5 x 5
Flattened
1250
Fully connected
feedforward network
Output
Recurrent Neural Network
(RNN)
• Sequence learning is the study of machine learning algorithms designed for
sequential data.
• Language model is one of the most interesting topics that use sequence
labelling.
• Recurrent Neural Network is a generalization of feedforward neural network
that has an internal memory. RNN is recurrent in nature as it performs the
same function for every input of data while the output of the current input
depends on the past one computation.
Applications:
• Sentiment Analysis
• Type ahead in Chat, Messaging & Email
• Language Text translation
• Speech to Text
Projects – Google AIY Kits
Google AIY Projects brings do-it-yourself artificial intelligence to your
maker projects using Raspberry PI and AI
• Voice Kit
• Vision Kit
Google AIY Projects
• Bird Watching
• Hand Command Recognizer
• Home Surveillance
• Fruits & vegetable freshness
detection
Thanks

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Practical Deep Learning Using Tensor Flow - Sandeep Kath

  • 2. What is machine learning? if(speed<4){ status=WALKING; } else if(speed<12){ status=RUNNING; } else { status=BIKING; }
  • 3. Everyday we are using deep-learning • Apple’s iPhone X uses deep learning for facial recognition • Smart Speakers – Amazon Echo, Google Home • Traffic Predictions – Google Maps • Videos Surveillance • Social Media Services – Friend Recommendation • Email Spam Filters • Virtual Assistants – Customer Support • Online Fraud Detection
  • 4. What is Deep Learning? • Deep Learning • Supervised, semi-supervised and unsupervised methods. • Deep Neural Networks • Neural Networks more than 2 layers • Sophisticated mathematical modeling • To extract feature-set automatically Deep NN... Deep NN...
  • 5. What is TensorFlow? • Open source software library by Google • Originally created for tasks with heavy numerical computations • Main Application: Machine Learning & Deep Neural Networks • C/C++ Backend
  • 6. Why TensorFlow? • Based upon Dataflow Graphs • Faster Compile Times • Supports CPUs, GPUs and distributed processing
  • 7. What is Tensor? • Tensor is multi-dimensional array • It can be • zero dimensional as scalar values • One dimensional as line or vector • Multi-dimensional as Matrix and so-on
  • 8. Why Deep Learning with TensorFlow? EXTENSIVE BUILT-IN SUPPORT FOR DEEP LEARNING MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS FOR NEURAL NETWORKS AUTO-DIFFERENTIATION AND FIRST-RATE OPTIMIZERS
  • 9. 5-step model life cycle • Define the model. • Compile the model. • Fit the model. • Evaluate the model. • Make predictions. ... # define the model model = ... ... # compile the model model.compile(optimizer='sgd', loss='mse') ... # fit the model model.fit(X, y, epochs=100, batch_size=32) ... # evaluate the model loss = model.evaluate(X, y, verbose=0) ... # make a prediction yhat = model.predict(X)
  • 10. Deep Neural Networks • Artificial Neural Network (ANN) • Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) • Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)
  • 11. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) • A single perceptron (or neuron) can be imagined as a Logistic Regression. • Artificial Neural Network, or ANN, is a group of multiple perceptrons/ neurons at each layer. • ANN is also known as a Feed- Forward Neural. network because inputs are processed only in the forward direction
  • 13. Convolution Neural Network (CNN) • Convolutional neural networks apply a filter to an input to create a feature map that summarizes the presence of detected features in the input. • Kernels/Filters are used to extract the relevant features from the input using the convolution operation.
  • 14. A convolutional layer A filter A CNN is a neural network with some convolutional layers (and some other layers). A convolutional layer has a number of filters that does convolutional operation.
  • 15. Convolution 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 x 6 image 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 Filter 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 Filter 2 … … These are the network parameters to be learned. Each filter detects a small pattern (3 x 3).
  • 16. Convolution 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 x 6 image 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 Filter 1 3 -1 stride=1 Dot product
  • 17. Convolution 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 x 6 image 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 Filter 1 3 -3 If stride=2
  • 18. Convolution 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 x 6 image 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 Filter 1 3 -1 -3 -1 -3 1 0 -3 -3 -3 0 1 3 -2 -2 -1 stride=1
  • 19. Convolution 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 x 6 image 3 -1 -3 -1 -3 1 0 -3 -3 -3 0 1 3 -2 -2 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 Filter 2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -2 1 -1 -1 -2 1 -1 0 -4 3 Repeat this for each filter stride=1 Two 4 x 4 images Forming 2 x 4 x 4 matrix Feature Map
  • 20. Color image: RGB 3 channels 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 Filter 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 Filter 2 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 Color image
  • 21. 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 image convolution -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1x 2x … … 36x … … 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Convolution v.s. Fully Connected Fully- connected
  • 22. 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 x 6 image 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 Filter 1 1 2 3 … 8 9 … 13 14 15 … Only connect to 9 inputs, not fully connected 4: 10: 16 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 fewer parameters!
  • 23. 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 Filter 1 1: 2: 3: … 7: 8: 9: … 13: 14: 15: … 4: 10: 16: 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 -1 Shared weights 6 x 6 image Fewer parameters Even fewer parameters
  • 24. The whole CNN Fully Connected Feedforward network cat dog …… Convolution Max Pooling Convolution Max Pooling Flattened Can repeat many times
  • 25. Max Pooling 3 -1 -3 -1 -3 1 0 -3 -3 -3 0 1 3 -2 -2 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 Filter 2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -2 1 -1 -1 -2 1 -1 0 -4 3 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 Filter 1
  • 26. Pooling • Subsampling pixels will not change the object Subsampling bird bird We can subsample the pixels to make image smaller fewer parameters to characterize the image
  • 27. A CNN compresses a fully connected network in following ways: • Reducing number of connections • Shared weights on the edges • Max pooling further reduces the complexity
  • 28. Max Pooling 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 x 6 image 3 0 13 -1 1 30 2 x 2 image Each filter is a channel New image but smaller Conv Max Pooling
  • 29. The whole CNN Convolution Max Pooling Convolution Max Pooling Can repeat many times A new image The number of channels is the number of filters Smaller than the original image 3 0 13 -1 1 30
  • 30. The whole CNN Fully Connected Feedforward network cat dog …… Convolution Max Pooling Convolution Max Pooling Flattened A new image A new image
  • 31. Flattening 3 0 13 -1 1 30 Flattened 3 0 1 3 -1 1 0 3 Fully Connected Feedforward network
  • 32. CNN in TensorFlow using Keras Convolution Max Pooling Convolution Max Pooling input 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 There are 25 3x3 filters. … … Input_shape = ( 28 , 28 , 1) 1: black/white, 3: RGB28 x 28 pixels 3 -1 -3 1 3
  • 33. CNN in Keras Convolution Max Pooling Convolution Max Pooling Input 1 x 28 x 28 25 x 26 x 26 25 x 13 x 13 50 x 11 x 11 50 x 5 x 5 How many parameters for each filter? How many parameters for each filter? 9 225= 25x9
  • 34. Only modified the network structure and input format (vector -> 3-D array)CNN in Keras Convolution Max Pooling Convolution Max Pooling Input 1 x 28 x 28 25 x 26 x 26 25 x 13 x 13 50 x 11 x 11 50 x 5 x 5 Flattened 1250 Fully connected feedforward network Output
  • 35. Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) • Sequence learning is the study of machine learning algorithms designed for sequential data. • Language model is one of the most interesting topics that use sequence labelling. • Recurrent Neural Network is a generalization of feedforward neural network that has an internal memory. RNN is recurrent in nature as it performs the same function for every input of data while the output of the current input depends on the past one computation. Applications: • Sentiment Analysis • Type ahead in Chat, Messaging & Email • Language Text translation • Speech to Text
  • 36. Projects – Google AIY Kits Google AIY Projects brings do-it-yourself artificial intelligence to your maker projects using Raspberry PI and AI • Voice Kit • Vision Kit
  • 37. Google AIY Projects • Bird Watching • Hand Command Recognizer • Home Surveillance • Fruits & vegetable freshness detection