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1. UNIT 3 : LEARNINGFROMOTHERS AND
REVIEWINGTHE LITERATURE
Lesson 3&4:Summarizing
Literature Sources

2. Learning Objectives:
Differentiate a summary from a
synthesis.
Construct a good review of
literature.

3. Defining a Summary
Summarizing is a process of
explaining the content of any
material in a brief and coherent
manner.

4. Defining Synthesis
Synthesis links multiple summaries
coming from various sources in order
to form a coherent and logical
explanation of an idea or argument.

5. Summary vs Synthesis

6. Summary vs Synthesis

7. Summary vs Synthesis

8. Starting a Summary
Writing a summary involves
identifying essential information from
the source material. A good summary
is essential to creating a synthesized
discussion in the literature review.

9. Starting a Summary

10. Starting a Summary

11. Starting a Summary

12. Starting a Summary

13. Writing a Good Summary
Identify if the topic
is relevant to your
current study

14. Writing a Good Summary
Identify if the
topic is relevant to
your current
study
Locate discussion
of key concepts and
variables based on
your topic

15. Writing a Good Summary
Identify if the
topic is relevant to
your current
study Locate discussion
of key concepts and
variables based on
your topic
Summarize the
information
regarding the
identified key
concepts

16. Synthesizing Summaries

17. Synthesizing Literature
Review
A literature
review and its
sub-parts
(syntheses)

18. Synthesizing Literature
Review
Grouping summaries
andtheir ideas per
synthesis

19. UNIT 3 : LEARNING FROM OTHERS
AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
Lesson 5: Ethical
Standards in Writing a
Literature Review

20. Learning Objective:
 Apply ethical standards in
writing a literature review.

21. Writing the Literature
Review
Ethical standards guide the
researcher in knowing the right and
wrong ways in constructing the
synthesis of literature sources.

22. Do’s and Don’ts when Writing
the Literature Review

23. Do’s and Don’ts when Writing
the Literature Review

24. Do’s and Don’ts when Writing
the Literature Review

25. Do’s and Don’ts when Writing
the Literature Review

26. Defining Plagiarism
Plagiarism refers to the “act of copying or
using works from another person and
presenting it as your own”.

27. Consequences of
Plagiarism
In the Philippines, the Intellectual
Property Code of the Philippines or R.A.
no. 8293 protects the intellectual works
and property of people such as books
and inventions through registered
copyrights.

28. Consequences of
Plagiarism

29. Direct Plagiarism

30. Inadequate Plagiarism

31. Self-Plagiarism

32. Incomplete Citations

33. Avoiding Plagiarism

34. UNIT 3 : LEARNING FROM OTHERS
AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
Lesson 6: Creating a Conceptual
Framework and Defining Terms

35. Learning Objectives:
 Construct a conceptual framework
based on a research topic of
interest.
 Apply the appropriate definition
for terms used in the study.

36. Conceptual Framework
Conceptual framework offers an
illustration of how the entire research
process will be explored, and explains
the relationships of the concepts in the
study.

37. Significance of the
Conceptual Framework
• guides the researchers to construct the study
according to their perspective
• highlights the significance of the study

38. Research Frameworks
Theoretical framework refers to the theory
where the researcher based their study.
Conceptual framework is the synthesized
ideas and concepts from different related
sources.

39. Research Frameworks

40. How to construct a
conceptual framework

41. How to construct a
conceptual framework

42. How to construct a
conceptual framework

43. Example of Conceptual
Framework

44. Example of Conceptual
Framework

45. Definition of Terms
Defining terms is necessary to establish
boundaries on how certain terms will be
used in the study.

46. Conceptual and
Operational Definitions
Conceptual definitions are the theoretical or
abstract meaning of a concept.
Operational definitions refer to how a
variable was used or measured in the study.

47. Example of a Conceptual
Definition

48. Example of an Operational
Definition

49. Thank You!