PR 1 - Week 2 - Days 1-3.pdf

1. RESEARCH: Its Definitions,
Characteristics, Process & Ethics

2. LEARNING COMPETENCY
▸ describes characteristics, processes, and ethics
of research
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3. DEFINITIONS OF RESEARCH

4. Research is …
Derived from Middle French recerche, from
recercher to go about seeking.
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DEFINITIONS OF RESEARCH

5. Research is …
a method of acquiring knowledge based
on the scientific method of inquiry to
enrich the system of objective knowledge
in the fields of natural and social sciences
(Almeida, et al., 2016)
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DEFINITIONS OF RESEARCH

6. Research is …
to search or examine again and again
carefully (Burns & Grove , 2007)
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DEFINITIONS OF RESEARCH

7. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

8. 1. ACCURACY
It gives correct or accurate data.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

9. 2. OBJECTIVENESS
It deals with facts.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

10. 3. TIMELINESS
It must work on a topic that is fresh, new,
and interesting to the present society.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

11. 4. RELEVANCE
Its topic must be instrumental in
improving society or in solving problems
affecting the lives of the people in the
community.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

12. 5. CLARITY
It must succeed in expressing its central
point or discoveries by using simple,
direct, concise, and correct language.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

13. 6. SYSTEMATICITY
It must take place in an organized or
orderly manner.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

14. THE RESEARCH PROCESS

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16. THE RESEARCH ETHICS

17. RESEARCH ETHICS …
Involves the application of fundamental ethical
principles to research activities which include the
design and implementation of research, respect
towards society and others, the use of resources
and outputs, and scientific misconduct and the
regulation of research (University of Stirling).
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18. SOME ETHICAL QUESTIONS FOR THE RESEARCHER
1. What are the beneficial consequences of
the study?
2. How can informed consent of the
participants be obtained?
3. How can confidentiality of the
participants be protected? 18

19. SOME ETHICAL QUESTIONS FOR THE RESEARCHER
4. What are the consequences of the study
for the participants?
5. How will the researcher’s role affect the
study?
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20. 4 PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH ETHICS (Murphy & Dingwall)
1. NON-MALEFICENCE: causing no harm
2. BENEFICENCE: giving benefits
3. AUTONOMY OR SELF-DETERMINATION
– seeking informed consent
4. JUSTICE – treating humanely and fairly
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