This document discusses various dental and oral diseases, their causes, and the microorganisms involved. It describes odontogenic infections which can develop from issues like untreated caries or pulpitis. These infections may remain localized or spread systemically. Key microbes involved include streptococci, staphylococci, and various anaerobes. It also discusses specific conditions like dental caries, pulpitis, periodontitis, periostitis, osteomyelitis, and abscesses. Oral fungal infections especially candidiasis are explained in detail along with symptoms and types. Ulcerative necrotic gingivostomatitis is also summarized.
Abscess and phlegmon in maxillofacial region odontogenic infections-somebodyma
This document discusses orofacial infections, including types, causes, microbiology, spread, and treatment. It focuses on odontogenic infections, which are usually polymicrobial involving both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Infections can spread locally through tissue planes or lymph nodes, and potentially through blood vessels. The document describes specific facial spaces like the canine fossa and buccal space that can become infected, outlining clinical signs, drainage routes, and surgical treatment approaches for each.
This document provides information about Dr. Giuseppe Bruno Pitassi's qualifications and specializations. It then discusses acute infections of the oral and para-oral tissues, including their classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and microbiology. Key points include that 92-94% of these infections are odontogenic in origin, mainly caused by anaerobic bacteria. The three major origins of odontogenic infections are periapical periodontitis, marginal periodontitis, and pericoronitis. Pathways of infection are described originating from dental sources such as infected or necrotic pulps leading to periapical abscesses. Radiographic images show examples of periapical and periodontal abscesses.
This document discusses odontogenic (tooth-related) infections, including their causes, stages of progression, and potential areas of spread. It begins by distinguishing between odontogenic and non-odontogenic infections. It then describes the stages of odontogenic infections as inoculation, cellulitis, and abscess. The document outlines various fascial spaces of the face that infections can spread to, including the canine, buccal, infratemporal, submental, submandibular, and sublingual spaces. It concludes by discussing acute dentoalveolar abscesses and a severe infection called Ludwig's angina.
This document discusses the microbiology of endodontic infections. It begins by outlining the challenges microbes face in establishing an infection in the root canal, including leaving the oral cavity, invading dentin, and overwhelming the immune response. It then discusses various routes of bacterial entry, including through exposed dentin from caries or trauma. The document covers the typical microbes found in endodontic infections, which are predominantly anaerobic bacteria. It also classifies infections based on location and describes the primary and secondary microbial compositions and ecologies in the root canal system.
Bacteria of periodontits Powerpoint PresentationTaylor Goode
Periodontitis is a severe form of periodontal disease that involves the destruction of the tissues that support the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. It is caused by bacterial plaque that accumulates at and below the gumline. If left untreated, periodontitis can result in tooth loss. The document discusses the differences between periodontal disease and periodontitis, signs and symptoms, contributing bacteria, and the multi-stage biofilm formation process that underlies the condition.
Periodontitis is a severe form of periodontal disease that involves the destruction of the tissues that support the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. It is caused by bacterial plaque that accumulates at and below the gumline. If left untreated, periodontitis can result in tooth loss. The document discusses the differences between periodontal disease and periodontitis, signs and symptoms, contributing bacteria, and the multi-stage biofilm formation process that underlies periodontitis pathogenesis.
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy, Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine
Al-Azhar University. The Pathogenesis of infection in oro-facial region due to odontogenic origin is a common clinical issue. bacterial invasion to deeper tissues usually a spread from diseased dental pulp. Recent evidences indicated a multi-microbial nature. The spread of infection is governed by the thickness of the investing bone and the anatomical relation of the tooth root to the attached muscle. Infection could spread from one facial space to another, and the condition may be aggravated to life threatening situations.
This document discusses mastoiditis, a bacterial infection of the mastoid air cells surrounding the inner and middle ear. It can develop as a result of an unresolved middle ear infection (otitis media) that spreads to the mastoid bone. Chronic suppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma are also discussed as potential causes of mastoiditis. The document covers etiological factors, management, and potential complications of mastoiditis such as facial paralysis, nausea/vomiting, and intracranial infections.
Abscess and phlegmon in maxillofacial region odontogenic infections-somebodyma
This document discusses orofacial infections, including types, causes, microbiology, spread, and treatment. It focuses on odontogenic infections, which are usually polymicrobial involving both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Infections can spread locally through tissue planes or lymph nodes, and potentially through blood vessels. The document describes specific facial spaces like the canine fossa and buccal space that can become infected, outlining clinical signs, drainage routes, and surgical treatment approaches for each.
This document provides information about Dr. Giuseppe Bruno Pitassi's qualifications and specializations. It then discusses acute infections of the oral and para-oral tissues, including their classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and microbiology. Key points include that 92-94% of these infections are odontogenic in origin, mainly caused by anaerobic bacteria. The three major origins of odontogenic infections are periapical periodontitis, marginal periodontitis, and pericoronitis. Pathways of infection are described originating from dental sources such as infected or necrotic pulps leading to periapical abscesses. Radiographic images show examples of periapical and periodontal abscesses.
This document discusses odontogenic (tooth-related) infections, including their causes, stages of progression, and potential areas of spread. It begins by distinguishing between odontogenic and non-odontogenic infections. It then describes the stages of odontogenic infections as inoculation, cellulitis, and abscess. The document outlines various fascial spaces of the face that infections can spread to, including the canine, buccal, infratemporal, submental, submandibular, and sublingual spaces. It concludes by discussing acute dentoalveolar abscesses and a severe infection called Ludwig's angina.
This document discusses the microbiology of endodontic infections. It begins by outlining the challenges microbes face in establishing an infection in the root canal, including leaving the oral cavity, invading dentin, and overwhelming the immune response. It then discusses various routes of bacterial entry, including through exposed dentin from caries or trauma. The document covers the typical microbes found in endodontic infections, which are predominantly anaerobic bacteria. It also classifies infections based on location and describes the primary and secondary microbial compositions and ecologies in the root canal system.
Bacteria of periodontits Powerpoint PresentationTaylor Goode
Periodontitis is a severe form of periodontal disease that involves the destruction of the tissues that support the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. It is caused by bacterial plaque that accumulates at and below the gumline. If left untreated, periodontitis can result in tooth loss. The document discusses the differences between periodontal disease and periodontitis, signs and symptoms, contributing bacteria, and the multi-stage biofilm formation process that underlies the condition.
Periodontitis is a severe form of periodontal disease that involves the destruction of the tissues that support the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. It is caused by bacterial plaque that accumulates at and below the gumline. If left untreated, periodontitis can result in tooth loss. The document discusses the differences between periodontal disease and periodontitis, signs and symptoms, contributing bacteria, and the multi-stage biofilm formation process that underlies periodontitis pathogenesis.
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy, Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine
Al-Azhar University. The Pathogenesis of infection in oro-facial region due to odontogenic origin is a common clinical issue. bacterial invasion to deeper tissues usually a spread from diseased dental pulp. Recent evidences indicated a multi-microbial nature. The spread of infection is governed by the thickness of the investing bone and the anatomical relation of the tooth root to the attached muscle. Infection could spread from one facial space to another, and the condition may be aggravated to life threatening situations.
This document discusses mastoiditis, a bacterial infection of the mastoid air cells surrounding the inner and middle ear. It can develop as a result of an unresolved middle ear infection (otitis media) that spreads to the mastoid bone. Chronic suppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma are also discussed as potential causes of mastoiditis. The document covers etiological factors, management, and potential complications of mastoiditis such as facial paralysis, nausea/vomiting, and intracranial infections.
This document summarizes various gingival and periodontal diseases. It describes diseases caused by dental plaque, such as gingivitis, and modified by factors like medications, malnutrition, and systemic diseases. It also discusses periodontitis and other conditions like necrotizing gingivitis/periodontitis, endo-perio lesions, and developmental deformities that can affect the gingiva and periodontium. Diagnostic methods and typical treatments are mentioned for several conditions.
• Actinomyces species are classified as anaerobic, gram positive and filamentous bacteria.
• It is a chronic granulomatous suppurative and fibrosing disease caused by anaerobic or microaerophilic gram-positive nonacid fast, branched filamentous bacteria.
• Most of the species isolated from actinomycotic lesions have been identified as A. israelii, A. viscosus, A. odontolyticus, A.naeslundii or A. meyeri.
• These microorganisms have been identified in dental plaque, dental calculus, necrotic pulp, and tonsils.
• The usual pattern of this disease is one characterized chiefly by the formation of abscesses that tend to drain by the formation of sinus tracts.
• pus from the abscesses is examined on a clean glass slide, it shows the typical ‘sulfur granules’ or colonies of organisms, which appear in the suppurative material as tiny, yellow grains.
• Another infection that produces this type of sulfur granules is botryomycosis.
This document provides information on various types of oral infections and their treatment. It discusses periodontitis, gingivitis, dental plaque, dental caries, periapical abscesses, sinusitis of dental origin, pericoronitis, and periimplantitis. For each condition, it describes the bacteria involved, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment approaches such as debridement, antibiotics, and surgery. Common treatments involve removing bacterial biofilms, draining abscesses, and using antibiotics to control infectious bacterial loads while the body's defenses work to restore homeostasis.
This document provides information on various types of oral infections and their treatment. It discusses periodontitis, gingivitis, dental plaque, dental caries, periapical abscesses, sinusitis of dental origin, pericoronitis, and periimplantitis. For each condition, it describes the bacteria involved, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment approaches such as debridement, antibiotics, and surgery. Common treatments involve removing bacterial biofilms, prescribing antibiotics, and surgically draining abscesses to resolve infections and protect the tissues that support teeth.
1. Oral bacterial biofilms can enter the bloodstream through disruption caused by oral procedures like dental cleanings, tooth extractions, or chewing. This leads to transient bacteremia.
2. Viridans group streptococci and Actinomyces odontolyticus are among the oral bacteria most commonly found in the bloodstream, and they have attributes like adhesion that allow them to cause infections in other parts of the body.
3. Procedures that cause more tissue trauma like tooth extractions, periodontal probing, and endodontic treatments have a higher risk of resulting in bacteremia compared to less invasive activities like brushing or flossing. The presence of gum
This training presentation provides information on fungal infections and anti-fungal treatments. It defines what fungi are and describes different types of fungi that can cause infections. It then discusses superficial, subcutaneous, and deep fungal infections, including common symptoms. The presentation outlines methods for diagnosing fungal infections and treating them, depending on their severity, with topical or oral anti-fungal medications. Finally, it reviews the major classes of anti-fungal drugs, including their mechanisms of action and fungal infections they target.
BACTERIA RELEVANT TO DENTISTRY………………pptxmkrhmyz6pc
The document summarizes key information about oral microbiota and infections relevant to dentistry. It describes the major oral habitats like teeth surfaces, gingival crevice, tongue, that harbor distinct bacterial communities. Dental plaque, a biofilm that forms on teeth, plays a major role in dental caries and periodontal disease when the microbial balance shifts away from "healthy" flora. Common genera found in the oral cavity like Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Prevotella are discussed along with their characteristics and role in oral and systemic infections. Periodontal disease is classified and the subgingival plaque is identified as the main etiological agent.
This document discusses salivary gland infections. It notes that salivary gland infections can be viral, bacterial, or fungal, with viruses being the most common cause. The parotid glands are more commonly infected than the submandibular glands. Sialadenitis refers to inflammation of the salivary glands. Mumps is a common viral cause of sialadenitis that infects the parotid glands. Bacterial infections are usually due to retrograde spread of bacteria via the salivary ducts when salivary flow is reduced. Actinomycosis is a rare fungal infection that can affect the salivary glands. Diagnosis involves clinical examination and sometimes
This document provides an overview of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. It begins with definitions of pathogenesis and periodontitis. Key points include: plaque bacteria initiate inflammatory responses leading to tissue damage; the host immune response determines susceptibility; and the transition from gingivitis to periodontitis involves a shift from localized to widespread inflammation and bone/tissue loss. Histopathological changes are described at each disease stage. The roles of bacterial virulence factors and host inflammatory mediators such as cytokines are discussed.
This document discusses the causes, progression, and presentation of various periapical and periodontal infections and abscesses. It describes how untreated pulpitis can lead to periodontitis as bacteria spread through the root canal. Acute traumatic periodontitis is usually temporary and caused by occlusal trauma or dental procedures. Persistent irritation can lead to chronic periapical periodontitis characterized by bone resorption and granulation tissue formation. Abscesses may develop from these infections and spread in various directions depending on anatomical structures, presenting as facial swelling, palatal abscesses, or submandibular involvement in severe cases like Ludwig's angina.
ORAL MICROBIOME.pptx by UMNA FATIMA- BIOMEDumnajmi123
This PowerPoint presentation provides a thorough exploration of the oral microbiome and its significance in both maintaining health and contributing to disease. Beginning with an introduction to the oral microbiome, the presentation outlines its diverse composition and its crucial role in oral health. It further examines the concept of dysbiosis within the oral microbiome, highlighting the factors contributing to imbalance and its implications for oral and systemic health. The presentation also delves into emerging research linking oral microbiome dysbiosis to systemic diseases, shedding light on potential mechanisms and clinical implications. Methods for studying the oral microbiome are discussed, along with recent advancements in research methodologies and therapeutic strategies targeting microbial dysbiosis. Additionally, the presentation explores the evolving field of precision dentistry and its integration with oral microbiome analysis for personalized treatment approaches. Through case studies and examples, the audience gains insight into the practical applications of oral microbiome research. The presentation concludes with a summary of key points and an invitation for questions and discussion, emphasizing the importance of ongoing research in understanding and harnessing the potential of the oral microbiome for improving health outcomes.
This document provides information on osteomyelitis of the jaw, including its classification, etiology, pathogenesis, microbiology, clinical findings, imaging, and treatment. It discusses the different types of osteomyelitis (acute suppurative, secondary chronic, primary chronic, non-suppurative). It also covers osteoradionecrosis of the jaw, its definition, clinical findings, radiological features, treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and prevention. Microorganisms commonly involved include viridans streptococci and anaerobes such as Peptostreptococcus and Fusobacterium. Imaging tools like radiography, CT, MRI, and radionuclide bone scanning can aid in diagnosis
This document provides an overview of endodontic microbiology. It discusses apical periodontitis as an infectious disease primarily caused by bacterial infection of the root canal system. The document outlines the various routes through which root canal infection can develop, such as through exposed dentin tubules or lateral/apical foramina. It also discusses the historical evidence demonstrating the role of bacteria in endodontic disease and pulpal pathology. Spatial distribution of microbiota within the root canal system and the development of endodontic biofilms are addressed.
The document discusses chronic osteomyelitis, defining it as a severe, persistent bone infection lasting over 1 month with dead bone present. It covers the pathogenesis, classification, clinical features, and Cierny-Mader staging system for chronic osteomyelitis, which considers anatomical factors like location of infection and physiological factors like immune status to determine treatment approach. Chronic osteomyelitis is challenging to treat due to biofilm formation, poor vascularity of infected bone, and host immune compromise in many cases.
The document discusses chronic osteomyelitis, defining it as a severe, persistent bone infection lasting over 1 month with dead bone present. It covers the pathogenesis, classification, clinical features, and Cierny-Mader staging system for chronic osteomyelitis, which considers anatomical factors like location of infection and physiological factors like immune status to determine treatment approach. Chronic osteomyelitis is challenging to treat due to biofilm formation, poor vascularity of infected bone, and host immune compromise in many cases.
SEQUELAE. Most dental pain occurs as a result of caries. Initially, caries presents as a painless white spot (decalcification of the enamel, which may be reversible), followed by cavitation and brownish discoloration. ... Untreated caries can progress through the dentine to the pulp, which becomes inflamed (pulpitis)
Focal and metafocal_odontogenic_disease_and_the_oralgiupitas
This document discusses the relationship between oral and dental diseases and systemic health risks. It begins by reviewing the historical focal infection theory and its discrediting. Recent evidence suggests the oral cavity can harbor and disseminate pathogens, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Bacteremia is common following dental procedures. Three pathways are proposed for how oral infections may lead to secondary diseases: metastatic infection, injury from toxins/endotoxins, and inflammation from immune complexes. Specific systemic diseases associated with oral infection include cardiovascular disease, stroke, infective endocarditis, bacterial pneumonia, and low birth weight. Maintaining good oral health through regular dental visits may help prevent exacerbation of chronic diseases.
An odontogenic infection originates from a tooth or surrounding tissues. It can spread beyond the teeth through facial spaces. Management involves determining severity, treating the underlying dental cause surgically, and administering appropriate antibiotics. Serious complications include Ludwig's angina, where infection involves submandibular spaces bilaterally, and cavernous sinus thrombosis, where the infection spreads to the sinus through veins. Prompt treatment of early infections prevents progression to life-threatening conditions.
The document is an invitation to color and explore feelings using a Feelings Monster coloring book in the Reflect app. It asks the user to choose colors to express how different emotions like motivation, happiness, hurt, worry, and worthlessness are felt. The coloring book aims to help users learn about a range of emotions by expressing how scenarios or pictures in it make them feel through using different colors.
This document summarizes various gingival and periodontal diseases. It describes diseases caused by dental plaque, such as gingivitis, and modified by factors like medications, malnutrition, and systemic diseases. It also discusses periodontitis and other conditions like necrotizing gingivitis/periodontitis, endo-perio lesions, and developmental deformities that can affect the gingiva and periodontium. Diagnostic methods and typical treatments are mentioned for several conditions.
• Actinomyces species are classified as anaerobic, gram positive and filamentous bacteria.
• It is a chronic granulomatous suppurative and fibrosing disease caused by anaerobic or microaerophilic gram-positive nonacid fast, branched filamentous bacteria.
• Most of the species isolated from actinomycotic lesions have been identified as A. israelii, A. viscosus, A. odontolyticus, A.naeslundii or A. meyeri.
• These microorganisms have been identified in dental plaque, dental calculus, necrotic pulp, and tonsils.
• The usual pattern of this disease is one characterized chiefly by the formation of abscesses that tend to drain by the formation of sinus tracts.
• pus from the abscesses is examined on a clean glass slide, it shows the typical ‘sulfur granules’ or colonies of organisms, which appear in the suppurative material as tiny, yellow grains.
• Another infection that produces this type of sulfur granules is botryomycosis.
This document provides information on various types of oral infections and their treatment. It discusses periodontitis, gingivitis, dental plaque, dental caries, periapical abscesses, sinusitis of dental origin, pericoronitis, and periimplantitis. For each condition, it describes the bacteria involved, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment approaches such as debridement, antibiotics, and surgery. Common treatments involve removing bacterial biofilms, draining abscesses, and using antibiotics to control infectious bacterial loads while the body's defenses work to restore homeostasis.
This document provides information on various types of oral infections and their treatment. It discusses periodontitis, gingivitis, dental plaque, dental caries, periapical abscesses, sinusitis of dental origin, pericoronitis, and periimplantitis. For each condition, it describes the bacteria involved, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment approaches such as debridement, antibiotics, and surgery. Common treatments involve removing bacterial biofilms, prescribing antibiotics, and surgically draining abscesses to resolve infections and protect the tissues that support teeth.
1. Oral bacterial biofilms can enter the bloodstream through disruption caused by oral procedures like dental cleanings, tooth extractions, or chewing. This leads to transient bacteremia.
2. Viridans group streptococci and Actinomyces odontolyticus are among the oral bacteria most commonly found in the bloodstream, and they have attributes like adhesion that allow them to cause infections in other parts of the body.
3. Procedures that cause more tissue trauma like tooth extractions, periodontal probing, and endodontic treatments have a higher risk of resulting in bacteremia compared to less invasive activities like brushing or flossing. The presence of gum
This training presentation provides information on fungal infections and anti-fungal treatments. It defines what fungi are and describes different types of fungi that can cause infections. It then discusses superficial, subcutaneous, and deep fungal infections, including common symptoms. The presentation outlines methods for diagnosing fungal infections and treating them, depending on their severity, with topical or oral anti-fungal medications. Finally, it reviews the major classes of anti-fungal drugs, including their mechanisms of action and fungal infections they target.
BACTERIA RELEVANT TO DENTISTRY………………pptxmkrhmyz6pc
The document summarizes key information about oral microbiota and infections relevant to dentistry. It describes the major oral habitats like teeth surfaces, gingival crevice, tongue, that harbor distinct bacterial communities. Dental plaque, a biofilm that forms on teeth, plays a major role in dental caries and periodontal disease when the microbial balance shifts away from "healthy" flora. Common genera found in the oral cavity like Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Prevotella are discussed along with their characteristics and role in oral and systemic infections. Periodontal disease is classified and the subgingival plaque is identified as the main etiological agent.
This document discusses salivary gland infections. It notes that salivary gland infections can be viral, bacterial, or fungal, with viruses being the most common cause. The parotid glands are more commonly infected than the submandibular glands. Sialadenitis refers to inflammation of the salivary glands. Mumps is a common viral cause of sialadenitis that infects the parotid glands. Bacterial infections are usually due to retrograde spread of bacteria via the salivary ducts when salivary flow is reduced. Actinomycosis is a rare fungal infection that can affect the salivary glands. Diagnosis involves clinical examination and sometimes
This document provides an overview of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. It begins with definitions of pathogenesis and periodontitis. Key points include: plaque bacteria initiate inflammatory responses leading to tissue damage; the host immune response determines susceptibility; and the transition from gingivitis to periodontitis involves a shift from localized to widespread inflammation and bone/tissue loss. Histopathological changes are described at each disease stage. The roles of bacterial virulence factors and host inflammatory mediators such as cytokines are discussed.
This document discusses the causes, progression, and presentation of various periapical and periodontal infections and abscesses. It describes how untreated pulpitis can lead to periodontitis as bacteria spread through the root canal. Acute traumatic periodontitis is usually temporary and caused by occlusal trauma or dental procedures. Persistent irritation can lead to chronic periapical periodontitis characterized by bone resorption and granulation tissue formation. Abscesses may develop from these infections and spread in various directions depending on anatomical structures, presenting as facial swelling, palatal abscesses, or submandibular involvement in severe cases like Ludwig's angina.
ORAL MICROBIOME.pptx by UMNA FATIMA- BIOMEDumnajmi123
This PowerPoint presentation provides a thorough exploration of the oral microbiome and its significance in both maintaining health and contributing to disease. Beginning with an introduction to the oral microbiome, the presentation outlines its diverse composition and its crucial role in oral health. It further examines the concept of dysbiosis within the oral microbiome, highlighting the factors contributing to imbalance and its implications for oral and systemic health. The presentation also delves into emerging research linking oral microbiome dysbiosis to systemic diseases, shedding light on potential mechanisms and clinical implications. Methods for studying the oral microbiome are discussed, along with recent advancements in research methodologies and therapeutic strategies targeting microbial dysbiosis. Additionally, the presentation explores the evolving field of precision dentistry and its integration with oral microbiome analysis for personalized treatment approaches. Through case studies and examples, the audience gains insight into the practical applications of oral microbiome research. The presentation concludes with a summary of key points and an invitation for questions and discussion, emphasizing the importance of ongoing research in understanding and harnessing the potential of the oral microbiome for improving health outcomes.
This document provides information on osteomyelitis of the jaw, including its classification, etiology, pathogenesis, microbiology, clinical findings, imaging, and treatment. It discusses the different types of osteomyelitis (acute suppurative, secondary chronic, primary chronic, non-suppurative). It also covers osteoradionecrosis of the jaw, its definition, clinical findings, radiological features, treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and prevention. Microorganisms commonly involved include viridans streptococci and anaerobes such as Peptostreptococcus and Fusobacterium. Imaging tools like radiography, CT, MRI, and radionuclide bone scanning can aid in diagnosis
This document provides an overview of endodontic microbiology. It discusses apical periodontitis as an infectious disease primarily caused by bacterial infection of the root canal system. The document outlines the various routes through which root canal infection can develop, such as through exposed dentin tubules or lateral/apical foramina. It also discusses the historical evidence demonstrating the role of bacteria in endodontic disease and pulpal pathology. Spatial distribution of microbiota within the root canal system and the development of endodontic biofilms are addressed.
The document discusses chronic osteomyelitis, defining it as a severe, persistent bone infection lasting over 1 month with dead bone present. It covers the pathogenesis, classification, clinical features, and Cierny-Mader staging system for chronic osteomyelitis, which considers anatomical factors like location of infection and physiological factors like immune status to determine treatment approach. Chronic osteomyelitis is challenging to treat due to biofilm formation, poor vascularity of infected bone, and host immune compromise in many cases.
The document discusses chronic osteomyelitis, defining it as a severe, persistent bone infection lasting over 1 month with dead bone present. It covers the pathogenesis, classification, clinical features, and Cierny-Mader staging system for chronic osteomyelitis, which considers anatomical factors like location of infection and physiological factors like immune status to determine treatment approach. Chronic osteomyelitis is challenging to treat due to biofilm formation, poor vascularity of infected bone, and host immune compromise in many cases.
SEQUELAE. Most dental pain occurs as a result of caries. Initially, caries presents as a painless white spot (decalcification of the enamel, which may be reversible), followed by cavitation and brownish discoloration. ... Untreated caries can progress through the dentine to the pulp, which becomes inflamed (pulpitis)
Focal and metafocal_odontogenic_disease_and_the_oralgiupitas
This document discusses the relationship between oral and dental diseases and systemic health risks. It begins by reviewing the historical focal infection theory and its discrediting. Recent evidence suggests the oral cavity can harbor and disseminate pathogens, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Bacteremia is common following dental procedures. Three pathways are proposed for how oral infections may lead to secondary diseases: metastatic infection, injury from toxins/endotoxins, and inflammation from immune complexes. Specific systemic diseases associated with oral infection include cardiovascular disease, stroke, infective endocarditis, bacterial pneumonia, and low birth weight. Maintaining good oral health through regular dental visits may help prevent exacerbation of chronic diseases.
An odontogenic infection originates from a tooth or surrounding tissues. It can spread beyond the teeth through facial spaces. Management involves determining severity, treating the underlying dental cause surgically, and administering appropriate antibiotics. Serious complications include Ludwig's angina, where infection involves submandibular spaces bilaterally, and cavernous sinus thrombosis, where the infection spreads to the sinus through veins. Prompt treatment of early infections prevents progression to life-threatening conditions.
The document is an invitation to color and explore feelings using a Feelings Monster coloring book in the Reflect app. It asks the user to choose colors to express how different emotions like motivation, happiness, hurt, worry, and worthlessness are felt. The coloring book aims to help users learn about a range of emotions by expressing how scenarios or pictures in it make them feel through using different colors.
Эпидемический процесс – это процесс возникновения и распространения специфических инфекционных состояний (от бессимптомного носительства до манифестных заболеваний) на видовом и популяционном уровнях, то есть процесс взаимодействия двух популяций – популяции паразита и популяции хозяина (популяции людей). На эпидемический процесс большое влияние оказывают социальные условия жизни населения и природные факторы.
Наука, изучающая закономерности возникновения и распространения заболеваний различной этиологии среди населения с целью разработки профилактических мероприятий, называется эпидемиологией.
Эпидемический процесс имеет разное проявление:
- спорадическая заболеваемость – это низкий уровень заболеваемости данной инфекцией на данной территории в данный период (сезон) времени (единичные случаи заболеваний или групповые вспышки, не связанные между собой);
- эпидемия – это такой уровень заболеваемости данной инфекцией на данной территории в конкретный отрезок времени, который в несколько раз превышает уровень спорадической заболеваемости, прогрессирует по времени и имеет тенденцию к пространственному распространению;
- пандемия – это такой уровень заболеваемости данной инфекцией в конкретный отрезок времени, который не только резко превышает уровень обычных эпидемий, но и распространяется на территорию всей страны, территорию сопредельных государств, а иногда и многих стран.
В эпидемическом процессе выделяют следующие элементы: источник инфекции, резервуар возбудителя инфекции, механизмы, пути и факторы передачи инфекции, восприимчивый организм.
Источник инфекции – это организм человека или животного, в котором происходит размножение возбудителя, и от которого в дальнейшем заражается здоровый человек. От источника инфекции возбудитель проникает в организм здорового человека либо при непосредственном контакте, минуя фазу нахождения микроба во внешней среде, либо через объекты внешней среды и окружающие предметы. Основными источниками инфекции являются больной человек, больное животное, бактерионосители (люди, животные).
Резервуар возбудителя инфекции – это объекты внешней среды, которые являются естественной средой обитания некоторых возбудителей заболеваний человека (возбудители столбняка, легионеллеза) и в которых возбудитель находит благоприятные условия для своего роста и размножения (накопления). Основными резервуарами инфекции являются почва и вода. При некоторых заболеваниях природным резервуаром возбудителя инфекции называют источник инфекции, обеспечивающий сохранение в природе возбудителя как вида. Например, для чумы суслики, сурки, песчанки являются не только источником инфекции, но и природным резервуаром возбудителя.
/fhfhsghsgfgjjsfjrsthusthhnfdgfghndrtjheayhHFGNRSHSRTHSRTHAEHEHJNHFHETHSETHJSRJRSJHEATHFGHdfngfjnhmtghmxmghmhgmjjfegkjbgkj.njnljdfgkljgfkljnfgbldfngldfglljgnhlej;glaeglejhnglaeghalhlg;aehg;laehrg;lehnglndgl/.ernahg'kjnb.l;aekng;leknalvvngolaewhglnablnea;olgnlfdnvbrl/eng;/lenlvblngbreagejnrlbn;erahg'argnlbknea;rgh'p;hrg'oWHG'RHIG'Wg'wpnblknsblvjkgvlowerhg'wphklgvHG"iophgpknbLKghpknfp'vbghpngbeaghshbsetrhkbgkejrgkjlwgfklwejglkwejgtflwekgkewugfkluwgflEKLUWEGBFLUKWEGLKJWEGBFLKWJEGBKJLWEGFKLWegkljwegwGJKEfwelkgflkwegklweghghwkjegh;wehgkwejhgwkehglwkEHKWEGHWKHWKEHGKJWEHGKJWEHGKWJHLWHGKJGWKJFEJKDSFBSDFBFHBSDFM,BSFBSDFSDFBMSDFMBSDFBNSDBSDFMBSDFBNSDFBNDSFBNSDFNBNB NDFDFJBNFDBNFDNbndfmndfmndfnbdfbndfbndfnfdndfndfbnfdnmfdnmfdmnmnfdmmnfdmndfmnnmfddm,fdmnfdmndfnmnmfdnmdfmndfmnmnfdnmdfmnfdmndfnnmdfndfnmdfnf,fbdsbfsdfjhsdfjhsdgflhgskflgsldkjfglkdfglkjgsdfkglkgflskjgdflksgfskdlglkjfglksfgklsfglskfjlskjdflskjgfkjfkjgfd Иллюстрированное учебное пособие “Общая микробиология” подготовлено в качестве информационного сопровождения самостоятельной работы студентов, осваивающих основные образовательные программы высшего профессионального образования укрупненной группы специальностей 060000 – Здравоохранение, разработанные на основе ФГОС и предусматривающие формирование знаний по микробиологии и вирусологии. В иллюстрированном учебном пособии приводятся сведения по морфологии, физиологии, генетике, экологии микроорганизмов, основам инфектологии и эпидемиологии инфекционных болезней. Каждый раздел сопровождается контрольными вопросами и тренировочным тестами. Пособие содержит также методические указания по проведению практических занятий по общей микробиологии. Иллюстрированное учебное пособие предназначено для внеаудиторной подготовки студентов, обучающихся по специальностям 060101 (лечебное дело), 060103 (педиатрия), 060105 (медико-профилактическое дело), 060201 (стоматология) и 060301 (фармация). Эпидемический процесс – это процесс возникновения и распространения специфических инфекционных состояний (от бессимптомного носительства до манифестных заболеваний) на видовом и популяционном уровнях, то есть процесс взаимодействия двух популяций – популяции паразита и популяции хозяина (популяции людей). На эпидемический процесс большое влияние оказывают социальные условия жизни населения и природные факторы.
Наука, изучающая закономерности возникновения и распространения заболеваний различной этиологии среди населения с целью разработки профилактических мероприятий, называется эпидемиологией.
Эпидемический процесс имеет разное проявление:
- спорадическая заболеваемость – это низкий уровень заболеваемости данной инфекцией на данной территории в данный период (сезон) времени (единичные случаи заболеваний или групповые вспышки, не связанные между собой);
- эпидемия – это такой уровень заболеваемости данной инфекцией на данной территории в конкретный отрезок времени, который в несколько раз превышает уровень спорадической заболеваемости, прогрессирует по времени и имеет тенд
The human oral cavity contains a diverse ecosystem that is colonized by many microorganisms. Over time, a resident microbiota is established that typically remains stable throughout life. This microbiota includes bacteria, viruses and fungi that exist in complex biofilms. The makeup of the oral microbiota changes with age as different habitats form in the mouth. Imbalances in the normal microbiota have been linked to oral diseases as well as systemic conditions. Research continues to uncover relationships between the oral and total body microbiota and how they impact overall health.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
2. DENTAL DISEASES
The nature disease damaged tissue disease
Non-inflammatory odontogenic infections hard tissues of the tooth Caries
Inflammatory odontogenic infections dental pulp
Periodontium
Periosteum
bone tissue
Soft tissues of the face and neck
Maxillary sinus
lymph nodes
Generalized infection
Pulpitis
Periodontitis
Periostitis
Osteomyelitis
Abscess, phlegmon
Sinusitis
Lymphadenitis
Sepsis
Inflammatory periodontal infections Periodontist
gum tissue
Periodontopathies
Gingivitis, pericoronitis
Inflammatory non-odontogenic infections mucous membrane
Major salivary glands
Skin and subcutaneous tissue
Stamotite
Mumps
Furuncle, carbuncle, erysipelas, abscess,
etc.
3. Odontogenic infections (OI) is a secondary infectious process , accompanied
by acute or chronic purulent-inflammatory diseases, caused by pathological
processes in the tissues of the tooth ( periodontium), due to incorrect or
untimely treatment of caries, pulpitis, periodontal disease, inflammation of the
bone tissue of the upper and lower jaws.
OI caused in most cases by microorganisms that are part of the usual biocenosis
of microbes of the skin of the face and oral mucosa, more often represented by
cocci;
- β-hemolytic streptococci
- peptostreptococci
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Fusobacteria .
Also bacteroids, actinomycetes, spirochetes, proteus, clostridia , candida can
be sown from the foci of infection . The microbial landscape in odontogenic
infections is usually mixed.
5. Pathogenesis
The development of an odontogenic infection is influenced by the virulence and the number of microorganisms
in the primary focus, as well as the state of the macroorganism . The spread of infectious pathogens from the
primary stomatogenic focus in most cases occurs by contact. Under certain conditions (a high degree of
pathogenicity, a decrease in local and general resistance), pathogens penetrate the lymphatic and bloodstream,
migrate throughout the body.
In the area of the infectious focus in the oral cavity, conditions are created for the unhindered reproduction of
microorganisms (venous congestion, edema, tissue ischemia). Through the top of the tooth root, pathogens can
go beyond the focus through the intermuscular, subperiosteal , and cellular space. So there are odontogenic
periostitis, osteitis, sinusitis, osteomyelitis.
In addition, microbial toxins cause an increase in vascular permeability, which, under conditions of good
vascularization , perimaxillary tissues facilitates the penetration of bacterial agents into the vascular bed. In this
way, perimaxillary abscesses and phlegmon are formed. Settling of microorganisms in the lymph nodes in
violation of the barrier function of the latter is accompanied by the development of regional lymphadenitis.
6. CARIES
Dental caries also known as tooth decay or a
cavity, caries is a biofilm dependent disease,
bacterial in origin, that causes demineralization and
destruction of the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel,
dentin and cementum).
It is a result of the production of acid by bacterial
fermentation of food debris accumulated on the
tooth surface. Bacteria that live in plaque produce
lactic acid, which demineralizes tooth hard tissues .
The most important in the pathogenesis of caries are
bacteria:
- acid formers - streptococci (the leading role
belongs to S. ( nutans ),
- lactobacilli ;
- proteolytic bacteria (Peptostreptococci , Bacteroids
and other asporogenic anaerobes).
7. INFLAMMATORY ODONTOGENIC INFECTIONS
Pulpitis is an inflammation of the soft tissue
of the tooth (pulp), which is accompanied by
severe pain and can lead to tooth loss. It is
the most common consequence of caries. The
microflora usually corresponds to the nature
of pulpitis: with serous inflammation,
streptococci, lactobacilli, bacteroids are more
often found, with purulent - hemolytic
streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus ;
with putrefactive - peptostreptococci ,
bacteroids, veillonella , protea, clostridia .
8. Periodontitis is a dental disease that affects the connective tissue between the bone of
the hole in which the tooth is located and the cementum of its root.
The main role in this process belongs to microorganisms that enter the periodontium
through the canal of the tooth from the inflamed pulp. Less commonly, they penetrate
between the wall of the alveolus and the root of the tooth (with periodontopathies ) or as
a result of hematogenous infection.
The microorganisms that cause this disease produce enzymes that destroy individual
components of the connective tissue ( hyaluronidase , neuraminidase, collagenase ) and
induce an inflammatory process.
Among the most common microbes, one can distinguish Staphylococcus aureus,
hemolytic and non- hemolytic streptococcus, spirochetes, fusobacteria , fungi.
In acute periodontitis, streptococci and spirochetes are often isolated, as they become
chronic anaerobes are the most important. In adults, periodontitis is dominated by gram-
negative anaerobes ( Porphyromonas gingivalis , Bacteroides forsythus , Prevotella
melaninogenica ), facultative anaerobes ( Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans ) and
treponema (T. denticola ).
9. Periostitis and osteomyelitis of the jaw - inflammation, respectively, of the
periosteum and bone tissue; can be odontogenic or non- odontogenic (traumatic,
hematogenous).
The etiological moment of this disease is S. aureus, often streptococci, however,
anaerobic microflora prevails: peptococci (P. niger ), peptostreptococci , bacteroids.
In traumatic osteomyelitis, enterobacteria , S. aureus are more often found. and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
Osteomyelitis of the jaw is an infectious purulent-necrotic process that develops
in the bone marrow, in all structural parts of the bone and its surrounding soft tissues.
It can be limited (within 2-3 teeth) and spilled (diffuse). It is often caused by pyogenic
Staphylococcus aureus.
An abscess is a limited purulent-inflammatory process in the soft tissues of the
maxillofacial region. It can be caused by streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci,
diplococci, Escherichia coli, fusobacteria and other anaerobic microorganisms.
10. Phlegmon is a diffuse purulent-inflammatory process in the
soft tissues of the maxillofacial region (in the subcutaneous,
intermuscular, interfascial loose tissue).
The direct cause of the purulent process in the vast majority of cases
are pathogenic microorganisms that penetrate into the cellular spaces
directly through a wound or abrasion, or through the lymphatic or
blood vessels. Most often, phlegmon develops under the influence of
Staphylococcus aureus, the second most common is streptococcus .
The danger of the disease is determined by the proximity of the
brain, the visual analyzer, the initial section of the upper respiratory
tract and the digestive tract. The infection can spread along the
neurovascular bundles of the neck, pharynx, and esophagus into the
mediastinum.
11. Stomatitis is an inflammation of the oral mucosa .
There are: catarrhal ( superficial ); ulcerative gangrenous (deep)
in the development of catarrhal stomatitis as secondary etiological factors.
- with superficial stomatitis, staphylococci, neisseria, hemophilic bacteria,
opportunistic corynebacteria are detected
- with deep - fusobacteria and treponema Vincent , bacteroids, peptostreptococci ,
veillonella , actinomycetes (anaerobic microflora predominates).
In childhood, impetigious stomatitis is observed. The disease is characterized by
the appearance of superficial erosions on the mucous membrane of the lips,
cheeks, gums, hard palate and tongue, often merging together. Erosions are
covered with a yellowish-gray coating, when it is scraped off, bleeding occurs.
The gums, especially on the free edge, often ulcerate. Initially, streptococci
(usually Streptococcus pyogenes ) are isolated from the lesions , and staphylococci
( Staphylococcus aureus ) in later ones . Impetigo tends to spread purulent process
on the skin
12. Infectious diseases in humans caused by fungi are collectively
referred to as mycoses. Most fungal infections of the oral
mucosa are caused by saprophytic fungi, which are constantly
present in the composition of the resident microflora of this
biotope. With a decrease in the activity of immunobiological
resistance factors, metabolic disorders, or with irrational
antibiotic therapy, saprophytic fungi cause opportunistic
mycosis of the mucous membrane. Most fungal diseases of the
oral mucosa do not occur exogenously, but as a result of
autoinfection, which develops only when conditions unfavorable
for the body appear.
Mycoses
13. ORAL CANDIDIASIS IS an infectious disease caused by opportunistic yeast-like
fungi of the genus candida. It is often found in children (in the newborn and
infancy, at a young age) up to 10 years, as well as in the elderly (over 60), which is
associated with a decrease in immunity.
The disease is caused by yeast-like microorganisms of the genus candida , most
often candida albicans and candida tropicalis . Normally, they are present in the
human body constantly and do not harm in any way. however, under the influence
of certain factors, the fungi are activated, their concentration increases, which leads
to inflammation of the mucosa and the formation of a white cheesy plaque.
14. Yeast -like fungi are a combined group of conditionally
pathogenic microscopic fungi 6–10 µm in size that do not
have a typical mycelium and are capable of existing in the
form of single cells, pseudohyphae and hyphal forms .
do not belong to true dimorphic fungi, since both yeast cells
and hyphae can be detected in tissues. The transition to the
mycelial phase can be observed when cultivating at a lower
temperature (22-25 0 C) or when the nutrient medium is
depleted. The transition of the yeast phase to the mycelial
(mold) phase in vivo can be observed during germination in
body tissues.
Etiology of candidiasis of the oral mucosa
15. - Acute pseudomembranous candidal stomatitis
- Acute erythematous candidal stomatitis
- Chronic hyperplastic candidal stomatitis ( candidal leukoplakia, multiple type
of chronic hyperplastic candidal stomatitis)
- Chronic atrophic candidal stomatitis (stomatitis under a removable denture
caused by candidal infection)
- Mucocutaneous candidiasis
- Candidal granuloma
- Angular cheilitis
- Other specified manifestations in the oral cavity
- Manifestations in the oral cavity, unspecified ( candidiasis stomatitis, thrush)
TYPES OF CANDIDIOSIS
16. It occurs more often in newborns (premature, with birth injuries) or in
adults with immunodeficiency. Initially, the mucosal patches become
darker and more lustrous (“lacquered mucosa”), then white or
yellowish creamy or “curdled” plaques appear on them, which can
coalesce to form large lesions (hence “thrush”). Plaques can be
localized on the tongue, soft and hard palate, gums, cheeks, tonsils,
pharynx. Plaques are easily removed, leaving bleeding erosion. With
the localization of lesions on the tongue, patients complain of a change
in taste sensations or an increase in sensitivity to spicy or hot food. The
lesion is often associated with diffuse erythema and increased dryness
of the mucous membrane. In severe immunodeficiencies, almost the
entire mucous membrane of the oral cavity, tonsils, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach, bronchi and lungs are affected.
Pseudomembranous candidiasis (thrush)
17. It develops as a result of wearing prostheses or in pathology mediated
by defects in T-lymphocytes. Manifested by damage to the skin and
oral mucosa in the form of cheilitis, seizures, glossitis.
Chronic candidiasis
18. On the mucous membranes, white confluent papules are formed.
Considered as a precancerous condition. In chronic
hyperplastic candidiasis, there is a slightly raised area of the mucous
membrane with clear boundaries in the form of a plaque that does
not separate from the underlying epithelium ( candidal leukoplakia).
histologically, with this form of candidiasis, the penetration of
fungal hyphae into the thickness of the epithelium is noted. If white
areas of the mucous membrane alternate with erythematous ones ,
they are referred to as the nodular form of candidal leukoplakia.
Hyperplastic candidiasis
19. microscopic method. They take a scraping from the mucous membrane, make a
smear on a glass slide. Microscopically unstained preparations stained according
to Gram, according to Romanovsky- Giemsa, methylene blue. The diagnosis is
based on the detection of elements of the fungus: single budding cells,
pseudomycelium, other morphological structures ( blastoconidia , pseudohyphae).
Microbiological diagnostics
20. Ulcerative necrotic gingivostomatitis Vincent
( fusospirochetosis )
Fusospirochetosis is an acute inflammation of the
gums with severe alterations. Ulcerative-necrotic
gingivitis develops against the background of catarrhal
inflammation. This disease occurs mainly in young
people, when as a result of SARS, tonsillitis, influenza,
hypothermia, stress, malnutrition, hypovitaminosis,
immunity decreases.
21. Among microorganisms, anaerobic forms
predominate - FUSOBACTERIA ( fusobacterium
plautii ), spirochetes ( treponema vincentii ). often
the development of the disease is preceded by
inflammation caused by staphylococci and
streptococci. The pathogenetic significance of
fusiform bacteria is associated with the presence of
histolytic enzymes such as collagenase, proteinase,
hyaluronidase, which cause destruction of connective
tissue. At the same time, nitrogen-containing low
molecular weight products formed as a result of the
breakdown of collagen can be absorbed by
spirochetes.
Ulcerative necrotic gingivostomatitis Vincent
( fusospirochetosis )
22. The development of ulcerative necrotic gingivitis of Vincent is
facilitated by poor individual oral hygiene, dental deposits, the
presence of carious, decayed teeth, and difficulty in the eruption
of a wisdom tooth (the presence of a "hood"). The patient
complains of pain in the gums, which makes it difficult to eat and
speak. During the examination, hyperemia, the presence of ulcers
and necrosis of the gums (grayish plaque), a significant amount of
soft plaque and hard dental deposits, there is an unpleasant smell
from the mouth. Often, lesions of the tonsils and larynx are
observed with the development of a condition known as
Simanovsky - Vincent - Plaut 's angina .
Ulcerative necrotic gingivostomatitis Vincent (fusospirochetosis)
23. confirm the diagnosis, a bacterioscopic
examination is of great importance: When
microscopy of the discharge of ulcers,
fusobacteria and spirochetes are found in large
numbers, therefore this disease is called
fusospirochetosis: fusobacterium
necrophorum, fusobacterium nucleatum +
treponema vincentii, t. denticola , t. orale , t.
macrodentium. .
Perhaps the presence of peptostreptococci and
bacteroids.
Laboratory diagnostics
The figure shows a pure culture of
Fusobacterium
24. Erysipelas, erysipelas, is an acute, often recurrent infectious
disease caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus.
Lesions can be a continuation of inflammation on the skin of
the face or begin with small cracks and abrasions on the
mucous membranes of the mouth and pockets. Sometimes
erysipelas develops after surgical and orthopedic
interventions in the oral cavity. Serous-hemorrhagic
inflammation with severe edema develops on the oral
mucosa. Leukocyte infiltration develops in the deep layers of
the mucous membrane. The mucous membrane acquires a
dark crimson color. In severe cases, blisters and areas of
necrosis appear on it. Local manifestations are accompanied
by symptoms of general intoxication. In weakened
individuals, the process can be generalized with the
development of sepsis.
25. ANGULUS INFECTIOSUS
Angulus Infectiosus is a disease of the mucous membrane and skin of the
corners of the mouth caused by streptococci (streptococcal zaeda) or yeast-
like fungi of the genus Candida (yeast, or candidamicotic zaeda).The disease
begins with the appearance in the corner of the mouth of a small
streptococcal pustule, which quickly transforms into erosion with fragments
of the epidermis along the edges. In the absence of treatment and non-
compliance with the basic rules of hygiene, as well as due to stretching of the
skin when opening the mouth and minor injuries, a crack forms in the center
of erosion, passing to the mucous membrane of the cheek. The crack bleeds
easily and becomes covered with a bloody or purulent crust. Increased
salivation and untidy oral maintenance contribute to the constant irritation of
streptococcal erosion, which can lead to streptococcal impetigo on the skin
of the face.