This document describes the mechanism of labor in different cephalic presentations, including occipito-anterior and occipito-posterior. It discusses the stages of labor and phases of the first stage. For occipito-anterior presentation, it outlines the 5 moments of labor: 1) flexion, 2) internal rotation, 3) extension, 4) external rotation, and 5) delivery of shoulders and trunk. For occipito-posterior presentation, labor typically involves initial flexion followed by internal rotation of the occiput posteriorly rather than anteriorly as in occipito-anterior presentations.
The document provides information on the management of the second stage of labor by nurses. It discusses the normal physiology of the second stage, including cervical dilation, fetal descent and rotation, and maternal efforts. It describes the mechanism of labor, including engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, crowning, extension, and birth of the shoulders and trunk. Monitoring labor progress and managing the second stage with techniques like the partogram are also summarized.
Normal labor is defined as the spontaneous expulsion of a full-term, single, vertex-presenting fetus through the birth canal within 18-24 hours without complications for the mother or baby. Labor has three stages: first stage involves cervical dilation, second stage is fetal expulsion, and third stage is placental delivery. Onset is thought to involve hormonal changes like progesterone withdrawal. Contractions cause engagement, flexion, internal rotation, and extension of the fetal head to facilitate delivery. The placenta typically separates via the Schultz mechanism in the third stage.
Normal labor and delivery involves 3 stages: 1) dilation of the cervix, 2) delivery of the baby, and 3) delivery of the placenta. The fetus moves through the birth canal via engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, and external rotation. Labor is considered normal if it is spontaneous in onset, involves a single cephalic fetus at term, lasts less than 12 hours for first-time mothers and 8 hours for others, and results in an unassisted vaginal birth.
MECHANISM OF LABOUR (NORMAL and ABNORMAL).pptkderib
This document describes the mechanism of normal labor, including definitions of key terms like labor, delivery, and presentation. It discusses the cardinal movements of labor for vertex presentations, including engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, and external rotation. It also describes fetal lie, presentation, attitude, and position. Abnormal mechanisms are briefly mentioned, such as occiput posterior position which can result in failure to rotate and transverse arrest. Overall, the document provides an overview of the normal physiological process and stages of labor.
This document provides information on the second stage of labour, including its definition, duration, phases, physiology, management, and the cardinal movements involved in normal delivery. Key points include:
- The second stage begins with full cervical dilation and ends with birth of the baby. It typically lasts 2 hours for primiparous women and 30 minutes for multiparous women.
- It involves three phases: latent, active, and transition. Important physiological changes include uterine contraction, soft tissue displacement, and fetal rotation and extension.
- Management includes monitoring the woman's pushing efforts, positioning, preparing for delivery, and potentially applying controlled traction during crowning. Spontaneous delivery of the head is preferred over techniques like
Labor and delivery involves three stages:
1) The first stage begins with contractions and ends with full cervical dilation. It includes early latent and active phases of dilation.
2) The second stage begins at full dilation and ends with baby's delivery. It involves baby's descent and delivery.
3) The third stage begins after delivery and ends with placenta delivery, usually within 30 minutes but sometimes requiring intervention.
The document provides information on the management of the second stage of labor by nurses. It discusses the normal physiology of the second stage, including cervical dilation, fetal descent and rotation, and maternal efforts. It describes the mechanism of labor, including engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, crowning, extension, and birth of the shoulders and trunk. Monitoring labor progress and managing the second stage with techniques like the partogram are also summarized.
Normal labor is defined as the spontaneous expulsion of a full-term, single, vertex-presenting fetus through the birth canal within 18-24 hours without complications for the mother or baby. Labor has three stages: first stage involves cervical dilation, second stage is fetal expulsion, and third stage is placental delivery. Onset is thought to involve hormonal changes like progesterone withdrawal. Contractions cause engagement, flexion, internal rotation, and extension of the fetal head to facilitate delivery. The placenta typically separates via the Schultz mechanism in the third stage.
Normal labor and delivery involves 3 stages: 1) dilation of the cervix, 2) delivery of the baby, and 3) delivery of the placenta. The fetus moves through the birth canal via engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, and external rotation. Labor is considered normal if it is spontaneous in onset, involves a single cephalic fetus at term, lasts less than 12 hours for first-time mothers and 8 hours for others, and results in an unassisted vaginal birth.
MECHANISM OF LABOUR (NORMAL and ABNORMAL).pptkderib
This document describes the mechanism of normal labor, including definitions of key terms like labor, delivery, and presentation. It discusses the cardinal movements of labor for vertex presentations, including engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, and external rotation. It also describes fetal lie, presentation, attitude, and position. Abnormal mechanisms are briefly mentioned, such as occiput posterior position which can result in failure to rotate and transverse arrest. Overall, the document provides an overview of the normal physiological process and stages of labor.
This document provides information on the second stage of labour, including its definition, duration, phases, physiology, management, and the cardinal movements involved in normal delivery. Key points include:
- The second stage begins with full cervical dilation and ends with birth of the baby. It typically lasts 2 hours for primiparous women and 30 minutes for multiparous women.
- It involves three phases: latent, active, and transition. Important physiological changes include uterine contraction, soft tissue displacement, and fetal rotation and extension.
- Management includes monitoring the woman's pushing efforts, positioning, preparing for delivery, and potentially applying controlled traction during crowning. Spontaneous delivery of the head is preferred over techniques like
Labor and delivery involves three stages:
1) The first stage begins with contractions and ends with full cervical dilation. It includes early latent and active phases of dilation.
2) The second stage begins at full dilation and ends with baby's delivery. It involves baby's descent and delivery.
3) The third stage begins after delivery and ends with placenta delivery, usually within 30 minutes but sometimes requiring intervention.
Physiological changes in second stage of laborDR MUKESH SAH
There is an interplay of physiological processes occurring during the second stage of labour. Second stage is said to have two phases, latent and active. It is during the latent phase that the presenting part passes through the fully dilated cervix to the birth canal.
Normal labor involves a series of events that lead to the expulsion of the fetus, placenta, and membranes from the uterus through the vagina. It is divided into three stages: first stage involves cervical dilation, second stage involves fetal descent and expulsion, and third stage involves placental delivery. The document outlines the cardinal movements that make up the mechanism of labor, including engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, crowning, extension, restitution, and external rotation to facilitate the fetus' passage through the birth canal.
This document discusses the physiology and management of the second stage of labor. It defines the second stage as beginning with full cervical dilation and ending with delivery of the fetus. Key points include: the second stage has two phases - propulsive and expulsive; normal duration is 2 hours for primiparous and 30 minutes for multiparous women; physiological changes include descent, uterine contractions, membrane rupture, and soft tissue displacement; management aims for a normal delivery with minimal maternal effects and early detection of abnormalities. Assessment includes monitoring contractions, descent, fetal heart rate, and progressing through the mechanisms of labor.
The document describes the normal mechanism of labor, including the three stages of labor and the fetus' seven passive movements that enable it to navigate the birth canal. The first stage involves cervical dilation. The second stage is when the fetus is delivered. The third stage involves delivery of the placenta. Key movements include engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, restitution/external rotation, and expulsion. Close monitoring of the fetus and mother is important throughout labor.
The document discusses labor and delivery. It defines labor as the process of expelling the fetus through the birth canal. Normal labor involves regular contractions leading to full cervical dilation and delivery of the fetus without complications for the mother or baby. Difficult labor is referred to as dystocia. The birth canal is divided into the pelvic inlet, cavity, and outlet. Fetal positioning includes engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, and restitution. A cardiotocography (CTG) machine monitors the fetal heart rate and uterine contractions during labor.
The second stage of labor begins when the cervix is completely dilated (open), and ends with the birth of your baby. Contractions push the baby down the birth canal, and you may feel intense pressure, similar to an urge to have a bowel movement. Your health care provider may ask you to push with each contraction.
Overview
While it takes nine months to grow a full-term baby, labor and delivery occurs in a matter of days or even hours. However, it’s the process of labor and delivery that tends to occupy the minds of expectant parents the most.
Read on if you have questions and concerns around the signs and length of labor, and how to manage pain.
Signs of labor
Labor has started or is coming soon if you experience symptoms such as:
increased pressure in the uterus
a change of energy levels
a bloody mucus discharge
Real labor has most likely arrived when contractions become regular and are painful.
Braxton Hicks contractions
Many women experience irregular contractions sometime after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Known as Braxton Hicks contractions, they’re typically painless. At most, they’re uncomfortable and are irregular.
Braxton Hicks contractions can sometimes be triggered by an increase in either mother or baby’s activity, or a full bladder. No one fully understands the role Braxton Hicks contractions play in pregnancy.
They may promote blood flow, help maintain uterine health during the pregnancy, or prepare the uterus for childbirth.
Braxton Hicks contractions don’t cause the cervix to dilate. Painful or regular contractions aren’t likely to be Braxton Hicks. Instead, they’re the type of contractions that should lead you to call your doctor.
1) The mechanism of labour refers to the series of changes in fetal position and attitude as it passes through the birth canal. This includes engagement of the fetal head, descent through the pelvis, flexion of the head, internal rotation, and external rotation to aid delivery.
2) The cardinal positions of labour include engagement of the fetal head in the pelvis, descent and flexion of the head to accommodate the pelvis, internal rotation bringing the occiput anterior, and external rotation aiding shoulder delivery.
3) Flexion of the fetal head is key to adapting the larger occipitofrontal diameter of the skull to the smaller suboccipitobregmatic diameter for passage through the pelvis
The ability of the fetus to successfully negotiate the pelvis during labor involves changes in the position of its head during its passage in labor. The mechanisms of labor, also known as the cardinal movements, are described in relation to a vertex presentation, as is the case in 95% of all pregnancies.
Normal labor and delivery typically begins within 2 weeks of the estimated due date. Labor usually lasts 12-18 hours for a first pregnancy and 6-8 hours for subsequent pregnancies. Labor has three stages: first stage involves cervical dilation from 0-10cm; second stage is baby's delivery; third stage is placenta delivery. Key factors that influence labor include the fetus, mother's pelvis, and uterine contractions. Normal labor results in spontaneous vaginal delivery of a healthy baby in under 18 hours without complications.
Labor is defined as the process of expelling the fetus from the uterus through contractions of the uterus and cervix. It has four stages: 1) cervical dilation and effacement, 2) delivery of the fetus, 3) delivery of the placenta, 4) observation of the mother and baby. The first stage involves regular contractions that thin and open the cervix. The second stage involves pushing the baby through the birth canal in two phases. The third stage involves delivering the placenta, and the fourth involves post-delivery monitoring.
This document discusses the normal process of labor and delivery. It begins by defining labor and childbirth as the period from the onset of regular uterine contractions until expulsion of the placenta. It then discusses fetal positioning including lie, presentation, attitude, and position. The cardinal movements of labor are also summarized, including engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, and expulsion. Mechanisms of labor for both vertex and occiput posterior presentations are presented. Changes in fetal head shape during labor from molding and caput succedaneum formation are also described.
The document describes the cardinal movements that occur during normal labor and delivery. It explains the steps as 1) engagement of the fetal head in the pelvis, 2) descent and further progression of the head down the birth canal, 3) flexion of the head as it encounters resistance, 4) internal rotation of the head into the anteroposterior position, 5) extension of the head as it is born, 6) restitution of the head back to its normal position, 7) internal rotation of the shoulders, and 8) lateral flexion of the baby's body for delivery. These steps represent the typical mechanism by which the fetus navigates the birth canal during a vertex presentation.
Normal labor typically occurs spontaneously at term and is completed within 18 hours without complications. The first stage of labor involves cervical effacement and dilation and lasts up to 20 hours for first-time mothers. The second stage involves fetal descent and birth of the baby, lasting 1-2 hours. The third stage involves placental delivery, lasting 5-30 minutes. Nursing care focuses on monitoring labor progress, providing comfort measures, and ensuring safety of the mother and baby.
The document discusses the structure and function of the myometrium, the muscular layer of the uterine wall, during labor and delivery. It contains three layers of smooth muscle (longitudinal, circular, and oblique) that contract during labor due to hormones like oxytocin and prostaglandins. Calcium entry into uterine muscle cells allows the interaction of actin and myosin fibers to cause contractions. Synchronized contractions of the myometrium expel the fetus through the birth canal in three stages: cervical dilation and effacement in stage one; fetal expulsion in stage two; and placental separation and delivery in stage three.
The document discusses occipitoposterior position, which is a vertex presentation where the fetal occiput is positioned posteriorly. It has a 10% incidence rate at the start of labor. The causes include maternal and fetal factors. Diagnosis involves inspection, palpation, and vaginal examination. Labor mechanisms and management approaches are described for favorable versus unfavorable cases, including manual rotation and instruments if needed or C-section for non-rotation. Complications include prolonged labor and increased risk of issues like tears.
The document discusses the four components that make up the labor and birth process: powers, passage, passengers, and psyche. It describes uterine contractions as the primary power of labor that causes cervical effacement and dilation. Contractions have phases of increment, peak, and decrement. The document outlines the mechanisms of labor including descent, engagement, flexion, internal rotation, extension and external rotation that allow the fetus to move through the birth canal. It provides details on fetal lie, presentation, and position as well as the stages and signs of impending labor.
The document summarizes key aspects of labor and delivery:
1. The myometrium consists of 4 layers of smooth muscle cells that contract during labor, driven by hormones like oxytocin and prostaglandins, to expel the fetus.
2. Labor progresses through three stages - early labor involving cervical changes, active labor of rapid cervical dilation, and third stage of delivering the placenta.
3. Multiple signs and assessments are used to monitor labor including cervical exams, fetal monitoring, and assessing contractions.
Normal labor usually begins within 2 weeks (before or after) the estimated delivery date. In a first pregnancy, labor usually lasts 12 to 18 hours on average; subsequent labors are often shorter, averaging 6 to 8 hours.
This document discusses malpositions and malpresentations that can occur during labour and delivery. It defines malpresentation as any non-vertex presentation, such as shoulder, brow, or breech. Malposition refers to an abnormal position of the vertex, such as occiput posterior. Occiput posterior occurs in 10% of labors and can cause prolonged labour if not corrected. It also discusses management of occiput posterior through various positions and pain relief methods. Complications of malpositions and malpresentations include prolonged labour, uterine dysfunction, cord prolapse, postpartum hemorrhage, and fetal or maternal distress.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Physiological changes in second stage of laborDR MUKESH SAH
There is an interplay of physiological processes occurring during the second stage of labour. Second stage is said to have two phases, latent and active. It is during the latent phase that the presenting part passes through the fully dilated cervix to the birth canal.
Normal labor involves a series of events that lead to the expulsion of the fetus, placenta, and membranes from the uterus through the vagina. It is divided into three stages: first stage involves cervical dilation, second stage involves fetal descent and expulsion, and third stage involves placental delivery. The document outlines the cardinal movements that make up the mechanism of labor, including engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, crowning, extension, restitution, and external rotation to facilitate the fetus' passage through the birth canal.
This document discusses the physiology and management of the second stage of labor. It defines the second stage as beginning with full cervical dilation and ending with delivery of the fetus. Key points include: the second stage has two phases - propulsive and expulsive; normal duration is 2 hours for primiparous and 30 minutes for multiparous women; physiological changes include descent, uterine contractions, membrane rupture, and soft tissue displacement; management aims for a normal delivery with minimal maternal effects and early detection of abnormalities. Assessment includes monitoring contractions, descent, fetal heart rate, and progressing through the mechanisms of labor.
The document describes the normal mechanism of labor, including the three stages of labor and the fetus' seven passive movements that enable it to navigate the birth canal. The first stage involves cervical dilation. The second stage is when the fetus is delivered. The third stage involves delivery of the placenta. Key movements include engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, restitution/external rotation, and expulsion. Close monitoring of the fetus and mother is important throughout labor.
The document discusses labor and delivery. It defines labor as the process of expelling the fetus through the birth canal. Normal labor involves regular contractions leading to full cervical dilation and delivery of the fetus without complications for the mother or baby. Difficult labor is referred to as dystocia. The birth canal is divided into the pelvic inlet, cavity, and outlet. Fetal positioning includes engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, and restitution. A cardiotocography (CTG) machine monitors the fetal heart rate and uterine contractions during labor.
The second stage of labor begins when the cervix is completely dilated (open), and ends with the birth of your baby. Contractions push the baby down the birth canal, and you may feel intense pressure, similar to an urge to have a bowel movement. Your health care provider may ask you to push with each contraction.
Overview
While it takes nine months to grow a full-term baby, labor and delivery occurs in a matter of days or even hours. However, it’s the process of labor and delivery that tends to occupy the minds of expectant parents the most.
Read on if you have questions and concerns around the signs and length of labor, and how to manage pain.
Signs of labor
Labor has started or is coming soon if you experience symptoms such as:
increased pressure in the uterus
a change of energy levels
a bloody mucus discharge
Real labor has most likely arrived when contractions become regular and are painful.
Braxton Hicks contractions
Many women experience irregular contractions sometime after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Known as Braxton Hicks contractions, they’re typically painless. At most, they’re uncomfortable and are irregular.
Braxton Hicks contractions can sometimes be triggered by an increase in either mother or baby’s activity, or a full bladder. No one fully understands the role Braxton Hicks contractions play in pregnancy.
They may promote blood flow, help maintain uterine health during the pregnancy, or prepare the uterus for childbirth.
Braxton Hicks contractions don’t cause the cervix to dilate. Painful or regular contractions aren’t likely to be Braxton Hicks. Instead, they’re the type of contractions that should lead you to call your doctor.
1) The mechanism of labour refers to the series of changes in fetal position and attitude as it passes through the birth canal. This includes engagement of the fetal head, descent through the pelvis, flexion of the head, internal rotation, and external rotation to aid delivery.
2) The cardinal positions of labour include engagement of the fetal head in the pelvis, descent and flexion of the head to accommodate the pelvis, internal rotation bringing the occiput anterior, and external rotation aiding shoulder delivery.
3) Flexion of the fetal head is key to adapting the larger occipitofrontal diameter of the skull to the smaller suboccipitobregmatic diameter for passage through the pelvis
The ability of the fetus to successfully negotiate the pelvis during labor involves changes in the position of its head during its passage in labor. The mechanisms of labor, also known as the cardinal movements, are described in relation to a vertex presentation, as is the case in 95% of all pregnancies.
Normal labor and delivery typically begins within 2 weeks of the estimated due date. Labor usually lasts 12-18 hours for a first pregnancy and 6-8 hours for subsequent pregnancies. Labor has three stages: first stage involves cervical dilation from 0-10cm; second stage is baby's delivery; third stage is placenta delivery. Key factors that influence labor include the fetus, mother's pelvis, and uterine contractions. Normal labor results in spontaneous vaginal delivery of a healthy baby in under 18 hours without complications.
Labor is defined as the process of expelling the fetus from the uterus through contractions of the uterus and cervix. It has four stages: 1) cervical dilation and effacement, 2) delivery of the fetus, 3) delivery of the placenta, 4) observation of the mother and baby. The first stage involves regular contractions that thin and open the cervix. The second stage involves pushing the baby through the birth canal in two phases. The third stage involves delivering the placenta, and the fourth involves post-delivery monitoring.
This document discusses the normal process of labor and delivery. It begins by defining labor and childbirth as the period from the onset of regular uterine contractions until expulsion of the placenta. It then discusses fetal positioning including lie, presentation, attitude, and position. The cardinal movements of labor are also summarized, including engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, and expulsion. Mechanisms of labor for both vertex and occiput posterior presentations are presented. Changes in fetal head shape during labor from molding and caput succedaneum formation are also described.
The document describes the cardinal movements that occur during normal labor and delivery. It explains the steps as 1) engagement of the fetal head in the pelvis, 2) descent and further progression of the head down the birth canal, 3) flexion of the head as it encounters resistance, 4) internal rotation of the head into the anteroposterior position, 5) extension of the head as it is born, 6) restitution of the head back to its normal position, 7) internal rotation of the shoulders, and 8) lateral flexion of the baby's body for delivery. These steps represent the typical mechanism by which the fetus navigates the birth canal during a vertex presentation.
Normal labor typically occurs spontaneously at term and is completed within 18 hours without complications. The first stage of labor involves cervical effacement and dilation and lasts up to 20 hours for first-time mothers. The second stage involves fetal descent and birth of the baby, lasting 1-2 hours. The third stage involves placental delivery, lasting 5-30 minutes. Nursing care focuses on monitoring labor progress, providing comfort measures, and ensuring safety of the mother and baby.
The document discusses the structure and function of the myometrium, the muscular layer of the uterine wall, during labor and delivery. It contains three layers of smooth muscle (longitudinal, circular, and oblique) that contract during labor due to hormones like oxytocin and prostaglandins. Calcium entry into uterine muscle cells allows the interaction of actin and myosin fibers to cause contractions. Synchronized contractions of the myometrium expel the fetus through the birth canal in three stages: cervical dilation and effacement in stage one; fetal expulsion in stage two; and placental separation and delivery in stage three.
The document discusses occipitoposterior position, which is a vertex presentation where the fetal occiput is positioned posteriorly. It has a 10% incidence rate at the start of labor. The causes include maternal and fetal factors. Diagnosis involves inspection, palpation, and vaginal examination. Labor mechanisms and management approaches are described for favorable versus unfavorable cases, including manual rotation and instruments if needed or C-section for non-rotation. Complications include prolonged labor and increased risk of issues like tears.
The document discusses the four components that make up the labor and birth process: powers, passage, passengers, and psyche. It describes uterine contractions as the primary power of labor that causes cervical effacement and dilation. Contractions have phases of increment, peak, and decrement. The document outlines the mechanisms of labor including descent, engagement, flexion, internal rotation, extension and external rotation that allow the fetus to move through the birth canal. It provides details on fetal lie, presentation, and position as well as the stages and signs of impending labor.
The document summarizes key aspects of labor and delivery:
1. The myometrium consists of 4 layers of smooth muscle cells that contract during labor, driven by hormones like oxytocin and prostaglandins, to expel the fetus.
2. Labor progresses through three stages - early labor involving cervical changes, active labor of rapid cervical dilation, and third stage of delivering the placenta.
3. Multiple signs and assessments are used to monitor labor including cervical exams, fetal monitoring, and assessing contractions.
Normal labor usually begins within 2 weeks (before or after) the estimated delivery date. In a first pregnancy, labor usually lasts 12 to 18 hours on average; subsequent labors are often shorter, averaging 6 to 8 hours.
This document discusses malpositions and malpresentations that can occur during labour and delivery. It defines malpresentation as any non-vertex presentation, such as shoulder, brow, or breech. Malposition refers to an abnormal position of the vertex, such as occiput posterior. Occiput posterior occurs in 10% of labors and can cause prolonged labour if not corrected. It also discusses management of occiput posterior through various positions and pain relief methods. Complications of malpositions and malpresentations include prolonged labour, uterine dysfunction, cord prolapse, postpartum hemorrhage, and fetal or maternal distress.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
2. Stages of Labor
• The first stage. It starts from the onset of labor pain
and ends with full dilatation of the cervix. It is in
other words the ―cervical stage of labor (dilation of
the cervix).Its average duration is about 12 hours. In
multiparae the duration of this stage may be shorter
(6-8 hours).
• The second stage. It starts with a full dilatation of
the cervix (not from the rupture of the membranes)
and ends with expulsion of the fetus from the birth
canal. Its average duration is 2 hours in
primigravidae and 30 minutes in multiparae. It is in
other words the stage of fetus‘ expulsion.
3. Stages of Labor
• The third stage. It begins after expulsion of the
fetus and ends with expulsion of the placenta
and membranes (afterbirth). Its average
duration is about 30 minutes. The duration,
however, is reduced to 5 minutes at active
management. It is in other words the stage of
afterbirth expulsion.
4. The first stage of labor may be divided into 3 phases
depending on the character of pain: latent, active and
slowing down phases.
• Latent phase. During the latent phase, the
uterine contractions are typically infrequent,
somewhat uncomfortable, and, in some cases,
not very strong, but they generate sufficient
force to cause slow dilation and some effacement
of the cervix. Latent phase of labor begins from
the onset of regular labor pain to 4 cm opening
of the cervix, the duration of which is about 5
hours in multiparae and 6.5 hours in
primigravidae. The rate of the cervix dilatation is
about 0.35 cm/hour.
5. • Active phase. This phase follows the latent phase and is
characterized by a progressive cervical dilation,
progressive labor pains. The duration is about 1.5 — 3
hours. It takes place from 4 to 8 cm opening of the
cervix. The rate of the opening is about 1.5 — 2 cm/h in
multiparae, 1-1.5 cm/h in nulliparae.
• Slowing down phase. This phase follows the second
phase and is characterized by some decreasing of pain
intensity. It begins soon after the 8 cm cervix opening till
the full opening of the cervix. The labor pains become
less strong and intensive; the intervals between the pains
are rather short. For example, the duration of pain is
about 45–40 seconds, and intervals are about 2 — 2.5
minutes. The duration of this phase is about 1–2 hours:
the rate of the cervix opening is 1-1.5 cm/h.
6. Mechanism of Labor in Occipito-
Anterior Presentation
• It is the most typical, normal type of labor.
Occipito-anterior presentation means that the lie
of the fetus is longitudinal, position is left or
right, type of position is anterior, i.e. fetal back is
to anterior wall of the uterus. Broadly speaking,
the mechanism of labor is as follows: in passage
the head (and the trunk) makes three
movements — engagement or entry into the
pelvis, rotation or adaptation to the shape of the
pelvis, and disengagement or exit from the
pelvis.
7. Mechanism of Labor
• In normal labor, the head enters the pelvic brim
more commonly through the available transverse
diameter (70%) and to a lesser extent through one of
the oblique diameters. Thus, transverse diameter of
the inlet becomes the diameter of engagement. In
normal labor, the sagittal suture often strictly
corresponds to the available transverse diameter of
the inlet. It is called synclitism. But sometimes there
may be physiologic short-term asynclitism, when the
sagittal suture does not strictly correspond to the
transverse diameter of the inlet. Instead, it is either
deflected anteriorly towards the symphysis pubis or
posteriorly towards the sacral promontory.
8. Mechanism of Labor
• When the sagittal suture lies anteriorly, the posterior
parietal bone becomes the leading presenting part and is
called posterior parietal presentation (Litzmann‘s
asynclitism, or posterior asynclitism). This is more
frequently found in primigravidae because of good
uterine tone and a tight abdominal wall. If the sagittal
suture lies more posteriorly with the result that the
anterior parietal bone becomes the leading presenting
part, it is called anterior parietal presentation (anterior
asynclitism, or Negele‘s asynclitism). It is more
commonly found in multiparae. Short-term asynclitism
may occur in normal labor: the posterior parietal bone
hangs over the inlet with the sagittal suture directed
downwards and forwards.
9. • In time the molding (configuration) of the head happens, and the
anterior parietal bone descends behind the symphysis in a
downward and backward direction following a curved axis of
descent. The long–term asynclitism usually occurs in pathological
labor, for example, in labor with contracted pelvis
10. The principal moments of mechanism of normal labor are
as follows:
• The 1st moment is flexion of the head. When
the descending head meets with resistance of
both cervix and walls of the pelvis, flexion of the
fetal head normally occurs.
11. • The chin is brought into close contact with the
fetal breast. The mechanical gain in flexion is
that instead of an occipitofrontal diameter of 11
cm and a circumference of 35 cm, the
suboccipitobregmatic extent with a diameter of
9–9.5 cm and a circumference of 31 cm is
presented to the birth canal
12. • The 2nd moment is internal rotation of the head.
It is a movement of great importance without which
there will be no further descent. This movement is
not accomplished until the head has reached the
level of the ischial spines (the 3rd pelvic plane —
obstetrical outlet). The head descends into the birth
canal and rotates simultaneously on its longitudinal
a xis so that the occiput (the posterior fontanelle)
from its original position turns anteriorly (towards
the symphysis pubis), while the sinciput (the
anterior fontanelle) rotates posteriorly (towards the
sacrum).
Mechanism of Labor
13. Mechanism of Labor
• At the beginning of this movement the sagittal
suture is aligned with one of the oblique diameters.
At the end of this movement (at the outlet of the
pelvis) the sagittal suture of the head is parallel to
the anteroposterior diameter of this plane of pelvis,
the leading point (posterior fontanelle) is turned to
the symphysis pubis. Such a position of the head
means that the internal rotation of the head is
completed. The internal rotation of the head with
small fontanelle turned anteriorly is named correct
internal rotation of the head.
14. Mechanism of Labor
• After internal rotation of the head, the further
descent occurs until the subocciputal fossa lies
underneath the pubic arch.
15. Mechanism of Labor
• The 3rd moment is extension of the head. When a
strongly flexed head reaches the pelvic outlet, it meets
with resistance of the pelvic floor muscles. Contractions
of the uterine and abdominal muscles push the fetus in
the direction of the sacral apex and coccyx. The muscles
of the pelvic floor oppose that thrust of the fetal head in
this direction and thus deflect its movement anteriorly
towards the pudendal cleft. The resultant force causes
the head to deflex when the posterior cranial fossa
passes beyond the inferior margin of symphysis which
acts as a fulcrum. The point of contact of subocciputal
fossa and pubic arch is called the point of fixation (or
hypomochlyon).
16. • The head revolves around the point of fixation
(extension of the head), so the sinciput, the face
and the chin gradually appear through the vulva.
Thus the head is delivered. So, the extension of
the head occurs around the point of fixation
17. Mechanism of Labor
• The 4th moment is external rotation of the head. It is a rotation
movement of the head visible externally due to internal rotation of
the shoulders. In this movement, the occiput returns to the oblique
position from which it started and then to the transverse position.
This movement corresponds to the rotation of the fetal body,
bringing the shoulders into an anteroposterior diameter of the
pelvic outlet
18. Mechanism of Labor
• The 5th moment is delivery of shoulders and trunk. After the
shoulders are positioned in anteroposterior diameter of the outlet,
further descent takes place until the anterior shoulder is fixed below
the symphysis pubis. By a movement of lateral flexion of the spine
the posterior shoulder rolls up over the perineum, after which the
anterior shoulder comes from behind the pubis. The rest of the
trunk is then expelled out by lateral flexion
19. Mechanism of Labor in
Occipito-Posterior Presentation
• Occipito-posterior positions are encountered in
about 25% of all vertex presentations. In this case
the lie of the fetus is longitudinal, attitude of the
fetus is flexion, and the position is left or right, but
type of position is posterior. Thus, one can find a
small fontanelle towards the maternal sacrum by
vaginal examination. During the second stage of
labor the great majority of posterior types of
position become converted into anterior by the
forward rotation (by 135 degrees) of the occiput.
This is the normal mechanism which occurs in about
80-90% of occipito–posterior cases.
20. • In the remainder the mechanism of labor is
posterior, and the duration of labor is longer
than that in occipito-anterior presentation, but it
is a type of physiological mechanism.
21. Mechanism of Labor
• The 1st moment is flexion of the head. The head
is flexed and begins to engage to the inlet with
its suboccipito-frontal diameter (10-10.5 cm),
while the sagittal suture is on the transverse
diameter of the inlet. Denominator is a midpoint
between a big and small fontanelle. There may
be short-term asynclitism because of the lateral
inclination of the head (sacral rotation).
22. Mechanism of Labor
• The 2nd moment is internal rotation of the
occiput posteriorly (small fontanelle towards the
sacral promontory). After the internal rotation of
the head which usually takes place with the head
occupying the 3rd, may be the 4th plane of the
pelvis, descending of the head continues. Then
the crowning of the head occurs. The first point
born is denominator; then the surrounding areas
are born. When the point of fixation is born, the
3 rd moment of labor starts.
23. Mechanism of Labor
• The 3rd moment is flexion of the head which
occurs after the anterior margin of the haired
part of the forehead lies underneath the pubic
arch (it is the first point of fixation). The head
begins to revolve around the point of fixation (so
flexion of the head begins). The successive parts
of the fetal head to be born through the
stretched vulval outlet are forehead (brow),
vertex, posterior (small) fontanelle.
24. Mechanism of Labor
• The 4th moment is extension of the head.
During this moment the subocciputal fossa lies
in direct contact with the anterior margin of the
perineum. The subocciputal fossa is the second
point of fixation; then the head begins to revolve
around this point of fixation and the head
extension occurs. The successive parts to be born
are: face and chin. Thus the delivery of the head
is completed.
25. Mechanism of Labor
• The 5th moment is external rotation of the head
and internal rotation of the shoulders.
• The 6th moment is delivery of the shoulders and
trunk by lateral flexion.