2. TOPICS TO BE
COVERED
Definition of staircase
Objectives of the staaircase
Components of the staircase
Explanantion of the components
Types of Steps
Types of staircases
Explanation of the staircases
References
3. DEFINTION OF
STAIRCASE
WHAT IS A STAIRCASE?
A stairway, staircase, stairwell, flight of stairs, or
simply stairs is a construction designed to bridge a
large vertical distance by dividing it into smaller
vertical distances, called steps.
Stairs may be straight, round, or may consist of two
or more straight pieces connected at angles.
Special types of stairs include escalators
and ladders
Some alternatives to stairs
are elevators, stairlifts and inclined moving
walkways as well as stationary inclined sidewalks.
4. OBJECTIVES OF THE
STAIRCASE
A person should apply less efforts while climbing the
stairs.
Steps should be of ideal size.
The ratio of the riser and the trader should be same.
6. EXPLAINATION OF
THE COMPONENTS
Riser: A vertical section between the treads of a staircase.
Tread :A stair tread is the horizontal portion of a set
of stairs on which a person walks. The tread can be
composed of wood, metal, plastic, or other materials.
Waist: This term refers to a slab of the stair that is slanting
from the floor slab to the landing slab. This can be imagined
like a ramp – not including the steps.
Soffit : Under surface of the stair is known as Soffit. It is either
finished with plaster or covered with ceiling.
Baluster : t is an individual vertical member made of timber,
metal or masonry and fixed between String and Hand rail. To
give support to the hand rail.
7. EXPLAINATION OF
THE COMPONENTS
Nosing : It is the projecting part of the tread beyond the face of
the riser. Nosing is usually rounded to give good aesthetic
effect to the treads and make staircase convenient and easy to
use.
Scotia : It is sort of additional moulding provided under the
nosing or tread to beautify the step in elevation.
Going : The horizontal distance between without the faces of
two consecutive risers is known as Going of the step.
Newel Post : It is a vertical timber or metal post provided at
the head, foot or at point where balustrade changes its
direction, it is also used for supporting the hand rail.
Landing : A horizontal platform between two successive flights
of a stair is called Landing. Landing is used as resting place
during use of the stair. It facilitates change of direction of the
flight.
8. TYPES OF STEPS
BULLNOSE STEP :When the nose edge
has a rounded profile, it is commonly
referred to as a bullnose edge.
This tread enhances aesthetic of steps and
facilitates climbing them without tripping.
Stair treads can be bought with pre-shaped
edges, but the bullnose edge can also be
made at home on new or existing steps.
COMMODE STEP : Commode step is also
provided at the beginning of the flight, it has
curved tread and riser as shown in figure.
9. TYPES OF STEPS
Dancing Step or Balancing
Step: Dancing or Balancing
steps are those which do not
radiate from a common
centre.
04. Splayed Step: Splayed
step is also provided at the
beginning of the flight with its
end near the newel post
10. TYPES OF STEPS
Round ended Step: Round
ended step is similar to the
bullnose step the only
difference is it has semi-
circular end which project
out of the stringer
Flier: Flier is an ordinary
step of uniform width and
rectangular shape
11. TYPES OF
STAIRCASES
Classification of stairs:
Stairs can be broadly classified into three types:
Straight stairs
Turning stairs
Continuous stairs
12. STRAIGHT STAIRS
1. Straight stairs
Generally for small houses,
available width is very
retractable. So, this type of
straight stairs are used in such
conditions which runs straight
between two floors. This stair
may consists of either one
single flight or more than one
flight with a landing.
13. TURNING STAIRS
These stairs can be sub- classified as:
Quarter turn stairs
Half turn stairs ( dog legged stairs)
Three – quarter turn stairs
Bifurcated stairs
14. TURNING STAIRS
QUARTER TURN STAIRS :A
quarter turn stair is the one which
changes its direction either to the
right or to the left but where the turn
being affected either by introducing
a quarter space landing or by
providing winders. In these type of
stairs the flight of stair turns 90
degrees art landing as it rises to
connect two different levels. So it is
also called as L-stair. Again these
quarter turn stairs are two types.
15. DOG – LEGGED STAIRS
Dog-legged stairs
Because of its appearance in
sectional elevation this name is
given. It comes under the
category of newel stairs in which
newel posts are provided at the
beginning and end of each flight.
16. HALF TURN STAIRS
In case of half turn stairs its
direction reversed, or changed
for 180o. Such stairs are quite
common.
17. THREE QUARTER TURN
STAIRS
The direction of stairs
changed three times with its
upper flight crossing the
bottom one in the case of
three quarter turn stairs.
These stairs are may either
be newel or open newel type.
This type stairs are generally
used when the vertical
distance between two floors is
more and as well as length of
the stair room is limited
18. BIFURCATED STAIRS
Bifurcated stairs are commonly
used in public building at their
entrance hall. This has a wider
flight at the bottom, which
bifurcates into two narrower
flights, one turning to the left and
other to the right, at landing.it may
be either of newel type with a
newel post or of geometrical type
with continuous stringer and hand
rails.
19. CONTINUOUS STAIRS
This type of stairs neither have any
landing nor any intermediate newel
post. They are geometric in shape.
These are may be of following
types.
Circular stairs
Spiral stairs
Helical stairs
Circular stairs or spiral stairs are
usually made either of R.C.C or
metal, and is placed at a location
where there are space limitations.
Sometimes these are also used as
emergency stairs, and are provided
at the back side of a building. These
are not comfortable because of all
the steps are winders and provides
discomfort.
20. CIRCULAR STAIRS
Circular stairs or spiral stairs are
usually made either of R.C.C or
metal, and is placed at a location
where there are space
limitations. Sometimes these are
also used as emergency stairs,
and are provided at the back side
of a building. These are not
comfortable because of all the
steps are winders and provides
discomfort.
21. HELICAL STAIRS
A helical stair looks very fine
but its structural design and
construction is very
complicated. It is made of
R.C.C in which a large portion
of steel is required to resist
bending, shear and torsion
