This document provides an overview of the six-stroke engine. It discusses the two types of six-stroke engine designs, the principle of how a six-stroke engine works, modifications that are made compared to a four-stroke, and how a six-stroke engine operates across its six strokes. Some key advantages are increased efficiency of 50% and reduced fuel consumption by 40%, while disadvantages include higher manufacturing costs and a larger engine size.
six-stroke engines may be great in improving efficiency, fuel consumption, etc but they may limit the range of a vehicle fitted with them. The range of distance in which a vehicle can cover one tank full of fuel is tank capacity*fuel economy.
six-stroke engines may be great in improving efficiency, fuel consumption, etc but they may limit the range of a vehicle fitted with them. The range of distance in which a vehicle can cover one tank full of fuel is tank capacity*fuel economy.
A six stroke engine is a combination of 4+2 stroke engine.
in this type of engine all four stroke are same as like four stroke engine and two additional stroke is added the stroke are air intake and air exhaust.
The diesel engine was invented during the industrial revolution by a German engineer. Rudolf Diesel grew up in France but then left for England during the Franco-German war. ... By studying thermodynamics, Diesel found he could make a smaller, internal combustion engine that would convert all heat into work.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
A six stroke engine is a combination of 4+2 stroke engine.
in this type of engine all four stroke are same as like four stroke engine and two additional stroke is added the stroke are air intake and air exhaust.
The diesel engine was invented during the industrial revolution by a German engineer. Rudolf Diesel grew up in France but then left for England during the Franco-German war. ... By studying thermodynamics, Diesel found he could make a smaller, internal combustion engine that would convert all heat into work.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdf
PPT ON SIX STROKE ENGINE
1. A SENINAR ON SIX STROKE ENGINE
MAHABIR PRASAD GANTAYAT
REGD NO-2021109181
BRANCH-MECHANICAL
SEC-A
1
2. CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• TYPES OF SIX STROKE ENGINE
• PRINCIPLE OF SIX STROKE ENGINE
• MODIFICATION IN SIX STROKE ENGINE
• WORKING OF SIX STROKE ENGINE
• GRAPHS OF SIX STROKE ENGINE
• ADVANTAGES OF SIX STROKE ENGINE
• DISADVANTAGES OF SIX STROKE ENGINE
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
2
3. INTRODUCTION
• The SIX-STROKE engine is a type of internal combustion
engine based on conventional four stroke engines.
• It has some additional features to make it more efficient
and to reduce emissions.
• A six stroke engine has two power stroke as compared to
one power stroke of the convectional four stroke engine.
• first developed in early 1990’s.
3
4. TYPES OF SIX STROKE ENGINE
There are two types of six stroke engine
A. Single piston designs :-
Griffin six-stroke engine
Bajulaz six-stroke engine
Velozeta six-stroke engine
NIYKADO Six Stroke Engine
Crower six-stroke engine
B. Opposed piston designs :-
Beare Head
M4+2
Piston charger engine
4
5. PRINCIPLE OF SIX STROKE
• A six stroke engine describes a number of different approaches in
the internal combustion engine to capture the waste heat from the
four stroke Otto cycle and use it to power an additional power and
exhaust stroke of the piston.
• Designs either use steam or air as the working fluid for the
additional power stroke.
• As well as extracting power, the additional stroke cools the engine
and removes the need for a cooling system making the engine
lighter and giving 40% increased efficiency over the Otto Cycle.
5
6. MODIFICATION IN SIX STROKE ENGINE
• Crankshaft to Camshaft Ratio Modification:-In conventional
four stroke engine, the gear at crankshaft must rotate 720 while
the camshaft rotates 360 to complete one cycle. For six-stroke
engine, the gear at the Crankshaft must rotate 1080 to rotate the
camshaft 360 and complete one cycle.
• Camshaft Modification:-in the six stroke engine the 360 degree
of the cam has been divided into 60 degree among the six stroke .
the exhaust cam has 2 lobes to open the exhaust valve at fourth
stroke (first exhaust stroke) and at the sixth stroke to push out the
steam.
6
7. • Cam follower Modification:-The bottom of shape of
regular follower has the flat pattern, which is suitable with
the normal camshaft for four stroke engine. when
reducing the Duration of valve opening from 9000 to only
6000 the shape of the follower must be changed from flat
to roller or spherical shape.
7
9. • First stroke (suction stroke):-
During the first stroke the Inlet valves opens and air- fuel
mixture from carburator is sucked into the cylinder through the
inlet valve and piston moves from TDC to BDC.
• Second stroke (compression stroke):-
During the second stroke, piston moves from BDC to TDC. Both
the inlet valve and exhust valves are closed and the air-fuel
mixture is compressed.
• Third stroke (first power stroke):-
During the third stroke, power is obtained from the engine by
Igniting the compressed air- fuel mixture using a spark plug.
Both valves remain closed. Piston moves from TDC to BDC.
9
10. • Fourth stroke (exhaust stroke):-
During the fourth stroke, the exhust valve open to remove the burned
gases from the engine cylinder. Piston moves from BDC to TDC.
• Fifth stroke (second power stroke):-
During the fifth stroke, the exhust valves remains close and the water
Inlet valves open. Fresh water from the water Inlet valves open.
Fresh water from the water Inlet valves enters the cylinders through
the secondary water Induction system. Piston moves from TDC to
BDC.
• Sixth stroke (second exhaust stroke):-During the sixth stroke,
the water exhust valves remain open. The water sucked into the
cylinder During the fifth stroke is removed to the atmosphere
through the water exhust valve. Piston moves from BDC to TDC
and six stroke is completed. 10
12. ADVANTAGES OF SIX STROKE ENGINE
• Thermal efficiency reaching 50% (30% for the actual Internal
combustion engine).
• Fuel consumption reduced by more than 40%.
• Two expansion (work) through six stroke.
• Reduction of chemical, noise and thermal pollution.
• We would get the better scavenging in fifth stroke.
12
13. DISADVANTAGES OF SIX STROKE ENGINE
• High Manufacturing cost in six stroke engine.
• Engine size Increases Due to additional stroke in engine,
fifth stroke and sixth stroke.
• High initial cost due to charge in gear structure.
13
14. CONCLUSION
• This is the big challenge of the automobile Industry, to
Increase the thermal efficiency of the engine and
reduction in fuel consumption.
• As we all know that the big problem our country faces is
that fuel rate is increasing day by day. The cost of fuel is
very costly now a days. The big problem has to be solved
from the six stroke engine.
14
15. REFERENCES
• Tajas kumar U. kothari, devranjan kumar, k.d. tandel,
Design and analysis of six stroke engine, vol-2,
issue:03,2014, ISSN:2321-0613.
• Prof. v.k. manglik, Development of high efficiency engine
by combining I.C. engine and E.C. engine. e-IISN:2278-
1684, p-IISN:2320-334X.
15