The document provides information on various networking concepts:
- A switch connects multiple devices on a local network, while a router connects separate networks and forwards data between them. A firewall acts as a security barrier between a local network and the internet.
- DNS translates domain names to IP addresses so web browsers can load internet resources by interacting with DNS servers.
- An IP address is a unique string of numbers that identifies devices on a network or the internet.
- TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable data delivery and error checking, while UDP is connectionless and does not guarantee delivery.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a computer network is and common network types like local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). It also discusses important networking topics such as protocols, addresses, and the domain name system (DNS).
Full video explained in Hindi
Check youtube channel -
The Avi Security
basic networking concepts is fundamental to a successful career in information technology. Networking technologies underlie all IT activities and a strong comprehension of the hardware and protocols used to create networks is essential to future success. In this training course, you will learn how to configure a workstation to connect to a network, analyze network traffic using a protocol analyzer, examine switch and router configurations, perform basic IPv4 addressing and subnetting, and research network security solutions. basic networking concepts is fundamental to a successful career in information technology. Networking technologies underlie all IT activities and a strong comprehension of the hardware and protocols used to create networks is essential to future success. In this training course, you will learn how to configure a workstation to connect to a network, analyze network traffic using a protocol analyzer, examine switch and router configurations, perform basic IPv4 addressing and subnetting, and research network security solutions.
Basic networking concepts is fundamental to a successful career in information technology. Networking technologies underlie all IT activities and a strong comprehension of the hardware and protocols used to create networks is essential to future success. In this training course, you will learn how to configure a workstation to connect to a network, analyze network traffic using a protocol analyzer, examine switch and router configurations, perform basic IPv4 addressing and subnetting, and research network security solutions.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a computer network is and describes common network types like local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). It discusses topics such as network protocols, IP addressing, domain name systems, and firewalls. The document is an introductory guide to fundamental networking principles and technologies.
The document summarizes various application layer protocols including Telnet, FTP, TFTP, NFS, SMTP, LPD, X-Window, SNMP, DNS, and HTTP. It discusses what each protocol is used for and some key details like typical port numbers. The application layer is presented as being at the top of the OSI model and providing services to users through interaction and file transfers between senders and receivers using these defined protocols.
This document describes the network structure of UPM. It details how various systems within UPM like the website, email, databases etc are connected and separated within the network. Firewalls, routers, switches, proxy servers and wireless access points are used to structure the network, control access to resources, and ensure security. The network uses private IP addresses that are converted to public IPs for internet access via a firewall. Systems like iDEC and GSM are separated within the network to restrict access and manage traffic between different parts of the university.
The document describes the network structure of UPM. It details how the network connects various departments and systems within UPM and how it is segmented and secured. Key points include:
- UPM network uses firewalls, proxies, routers, switches to separate systems and filter traffic for security.
- The InfoComm development center connects to a proxy server which filters websites and content.
- Routers and switches further separate the network and direct traffic between departments like GSM.
- GSM provides wireless access points for students via DLink modems managed by access point manager software.
The document describes the network structure of UPM. It details how the network connects various departments and systems within UPM and how it is segmented and secured. Key points include:
- UPM uses a firewall to secure its network and private IP addresses that start with 172.
- The iDEC center connects to a proxy server to filter websites and content.
- Routers and switches are used to separate connections between different systems and faculties like GSM.
- GSM uses wireless modems and an access point manager for student wireless access.
A presentation is a means of communication that can be adapted to various speaking situations, such as talking to a group, addressing a meeting or briefing a team.
Presentations are typically demonstrations, introduction, lecture, or speech meant to inform, persuade, inspire, motivate, build goodwill, or present a new idea/product. Presentations usually require preparation, organization, event planning, writing, use of visual aids, dealing with stress, and answering questions.A job description section on your resume shows the prospective employers your past work experience, as well as your skills and accomplishments. When writing a work experience section, focus on your skills and achievements, rather than your duties and responsibilities. This section typically includes a quick overview of the job seeker's most relevant qualifications
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a computer network is and common network types like local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). It also discusses important networking topics such as protocols, addresses, and the domain name system (DNS).
Full video explained in Hindi
Check youtube channel -
The Avi Security
basic networking concepts is fundamental to a successful career in information technology. Networking technologies underlie all IT activities and a strong comprehension of the hardware and protocols used to create networks is essential to future success. In this training course, you will learn how to configure a workstation to connect to a network, analyze network traffic using a protocol analyzer, examine switch and router configurations, perform basic IPv4 addressing and subnetting, and research network security solutions. basic networking concepts is fundamental to a successful career in information technology. Networking technologies underlie all IT activities and a strong comprehension of the hardware and protocols used to create networks is essential to future success. In this training course, you will learn how to configure a workstation to connect to a network, analyze network traffic using a protocol analyzer, examine switch and router configurations, perform basic IPv4 addressing and subnetting, and research network security solutions.
Basic networking concepts is fundamental to a successful career in information technology. Networking technologies underlie all IT activities and a strong comprehension of the hardware and protocols used to create networks is essential to future success. In this training course, you will learn how to configure a workstation to connect to a network, analyze network traffic using a protocol analyzer, examine switch and router configurations, perform basic IPv4 addressing and subnetting, and research network security solutions.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a computer network is and describes common network types like local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). It discusses topics such as network protocols, IP addressing, domain name systems, and firewalls. The document is an introductory guide to fundamental networking principles and technologies.
The document summarizes various application layer protocols including Telnet, FTP, TFTP, NFS, SMTP, LPD, X-Window, SNMP, DNS, and HTTP. It discusses what each protocol is used for and some key details like typical port numbers. The application layer is presented as being at the top of the OSI model and providing services to users through interaction and file transfers between senders and receivers using these defined protocols.
This document describes the network structure of UPM. It details how various systems within UPM like the website, email, databases etc are connected and separated within the network. Firewalls, routers, switches, proxy servers and wireless access points are used to structure the network, control access to resources, and ensure security. The network uses private IP addresses that are converted to public IPs for internet access via a firewall. Systems like iDEC and GSM are separated within the network to restrict access and manage traffic between different parts of the university.
The document describes the network structure of UPM. It details how the network connects various departments and systems within UPM and how it is segmented and secured. Key points include:
- UPM network uses firewalls, proxies, routers, switches to separate systems and filter traffic for security.
- The InfoComm development center connects to a proxy server which filters websites and content.
- Routers and switches further separate the network and direct traffic between departments like GSM.
- GSM provides wireless access points for students via DLink modems managed by access point manager software.
The document describes the network structure of UPM. It details how the network connects various departments and systems within UPM and how it is segmented and secured. Key points include:
- UPM uses a firewall to secure its network and private IP addresses that start with 172.
- The iDEC center connects to a proxy server to filter websites and content.
- Routers and switches are used to separate connections between different systems and faculties like GSM.
- GSM uses wireless modems and an access point manager for student wireless access.
A presentation is a means of communication that can be adapted to various speaking situations, such as talking to a group, addressing a meeting or briefing a team.
Presentations are typically demonstrations, introduction, lecture, or speech meant to inform, persuade, inspire, motivate, build goodwill, or present a new idea/product. Presentations usually require preparation, organization, event planning, writing, use of visual aids, dealing with stress, and answering questions.A job description section on your resume shows the prospective employers your past work experience, as well as your skills and accomplishments. When writing a work experience section, focus on your skills and achievements, rather than your duties and responsibilities. This section typically includes a quick overview of the job seeker's most relevant qualifications
Network devices like hubs, switches, routers, and firewalls are used to connect and secure computer networks. Hubs broadcast data to all ports but operate in half duplex mode, limiting network size. Switches can connect different network types but routers are needed to connect different network architectures using routing tables. Firewalls use rules and packet inspection to control incoming and outgoing network traffic for security. Intrusion detection and prevention systems monitor networks for threats but IPS can also block intrusions.
This document provides information about computer networks and telecommunications. It discusses terminals, telecommunications software, communication processors, communication media, network topologies, protocols, network architectures, and internet protocols. Terminals include video display terminals and other end user workstations. Telecommunications software functions include access control, transmission control, network control, error control, and security. Common network topologies include star, ring, bus, and tree configurations. Popular internet protocols are TCP/IP, FTP, HTTP, Telnet, Gopher, and WAIS. The document also covers internet addressing, domains, email addresses, URLs, and web directories.
Basics concept of network and internet mansiMansiGupta298
network, computer network, topology of network, types of computer network,OSI model, TCP/IP model, concept of internet, internet service provider, email
Computer networks - CBSE New Syllabus (083) Class - XIIDeepak Singh
The document provides information on various computer networking concepts. It defines Internet of Things (IoT) and discusses the differences between public and private clouds. It also describes wired and wireless networks, the roles of clients and servers, and common networking hardware like NICs, switches, routers and access points. The document further explains networking protocols and standards such as IP versions, DNS, URLs, modulation techniques, and communication protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP and more.
A Deep Dive in the World of IT Networking (part 1)Tuan Yang
For a successful career in Information Technology, a strong foundation of basic networking concepts is a must. Networking technology allows for the exchange of data between large and small information systems used primarily by various businesses.
Learn more about:
» To be a Successful ICT Professional
» Running the IT projects successfully
» Benefit of networking
» Network Components
» Data Transfer
» IP Address
» Windows Commands
» Types of LANS
» Network Topology
» Centralized Computing Vs. Distributive Computing
» Client Server Model
» Peer to Peer Networks
Everything you need to know about network troubleshooting can be learned in elementary school. Networking involves hardware and software that allows computers to communicate. No two networks are exactly alike. Basic network components include end stations, applications, and the network itself. The OSI model provides a standard way to understand how data moves through a network via different layers. TCP/IP is the most common network protocol and uses IP for addressing and routing and TCP for reliable data delivery. Gathering basic network statistics is an important part of troubleshooting.
Internet basics and Cloud Computing- Manish Jhamanish jha
The document discusses various aspects of computer networking including hardware components, protocols, transmission media, and cloud computing. It defines modem, connectors, cables, adapters, circuits, and switches as key hardware components. It explains protocols like TCP/IP, X.25, and how protocols work by breaking data into packets and ensuring consistent transmission and reception. The document also covers OSI layers, IP addressing, domain name servers, and types of cloud computing services.
Manish Jha- Research Scholar- Internet Basics RequriementManish Jha
The document discusses various aspects of computer networking including definitions of modem, connectors, cables, adapters, circuits, switches, and leased lines. It then discusses hardware/software requirements, protocols, transmission media, and email in networking. It provides descriptions of common protocols like TCP/IP, X.25, frame relay, ATM, and sonet. It also discusses functions of protocols, how protocols work at sending and receiving computers, and differences between TCP and IP.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and local area network (LAN) protocols. It discusses the uses of computer networks for business applications, home networks, mobile users, and some social issues. It then describes the structure of LANs and the key protocols involved, including the medium access control and logical link control sublayers. Specific LAN standards covered include Ethernet, IEEE 802.3, wireless LANs, bridges, switches, and virtual LANs.
The document provides information about computer networks and networking concepts. It discusses what a network is and examples like the Internet. It then covers topics such as the uses of networks for communication, accessing resources, centralizing data, transferring files, and more. The document also discusses different types of networks categorized by size, connectivity, and design. Additionally, it covers networking protocols, data transmission methods, network architectures, and models like OSI and TCP/IP.
This document provides an overview of networking fundamentals including network history, topologies, protocols, and devices. It discusses the evolution of networks from standalone computers connecting via modems to today's large networks. It describes common network topologies like bus, star, and ring. The document outlines the OSI and TCP/IP models and explains the functions of common networking devices like hubs, bridges, routers, and gateways. It also covers wired media like coaxial cable and fiber optic cable as well as wireless networking standards.
The document provides an introduction to computer networks. It discusses what a network is, why networks are needed, and how they are classified based on scale, connection method, and relationship. The key types of networks covered are personal area networks, local area networks, campus area networks, metropolitan area networks, wide area networks, and virtual private networks. Basic network hardware components are also introduced.
It provides additional features like spell checking, grammar checking,
translation etc.
Networking: It handles all the networking tasks like establishing connection with
server, sending and receiving HTTP requests and responses.
UI Backend: It provides platform specific implementation for user interface.
Data Storage: It stores cookies, cache, bookmarks, history etc.
Plug-ins: It provides support for additional features like Flash, PDF, media players
etc.
JavaScript Interpreter: It interprets and executes the JavaScript code embedded in
web pages.
Browser Security: It provides security features like sandboxing, same-origin policy,
digital signatures etc.
Browser Extensibility: It allows third party extensions to add
The document discusses the architecture and workings of the Internet. It provides definitions and explanations of key concepts:
- The Internet is a network of networks that connects millions of devices globally using standardized communication protocols like TCP/IP. There is no single entity that controls it.
- Individual networks are connected through routers that pass traffic between them. Routers know the addresses of local networks and pass packets to the appropriate outgoing link.
- IP addresses identify devices and allow location addressing. The IP layer handles packaging, addressing, and routing of data packets across the networks.
- Other important concepts discussed include protocols like TCP and UDP, the OSI model layers, DNS lookups, firewalls, and differences between internet, intr
Computer communications involves the transfer of data between devices using a communications channel. Key components of communication include a sender, receiver, encoding/decoding devices, and transmission medium. Networks connect multiple devices to facilitate communication and sharing of resources. Common network types include local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Standards define how devices communicate over networks and include protocols, topologies, and technologies like Ethernet, TCP/IP, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth.
Computer networking involves connecting computing devices together to share data. It uses both hardware and software. There are different types of computer networks classified by their geographic reach, such as local area networks (LANs) within a single building and wide area networks (WANs) spanning cities or countries. Basic network designs are client-server, with centralized server computers accessed by client devices, and peer-to-peer where all devices have equal functions. Common network devices include switches, hubs, routers, gateways, and bridges which help direct data traffic and establish connections within and between networks. TCP/IP is a fundamental communications protocol used to connect devices on the internet and private networks.
Internet Technology Lectures
network protocols, TCP/IP Model
Lecturer: Saman M. Almufti / Kurdistan Region, Nawroz University
facebook: https://www.facebook.com/saman.malmufti
YouTube Link:https://youtu.be/JgbAWAc0fDs
The document discusses communications and network security basics including telecommunications, protocols, network architectures, and the OSI model. It provides an overview of each layer of the OSI model and how data is encapsulated as it moves through the layers. Key concepts covered include TCP/IP, IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, tunneling methods, wired transmission types, cable types, and plenum cable requirements.
The document discusses ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), broadband ISDN, narrowband ISDN, local area networks, and computer communication protocols. It provides details on:
- ISDN being intended as a worldwide telecommunications network to replace existing networks and support a variety of services through digital switches and paths.
- Narrowband ISDN using 64-kbps channels as the basic switching unit and contributing frame relay. Broadband ISDN supporting very high data rates of 100s of Mbps with a packet-switching orientation and contributing asynchronous transfer mode (ATM).
- Key distinctions between local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs) relating to scope, data rates
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Network devices like hubs, switches, routers, and firewalls are used to connect and secure computer networks. Hubs broadcast data to all ports but operate in half duplex mode, limiting network size. Switches can connect different network types but routers are needed to connect different network architectures using routing tables. Firewalls use rules and packet inspection to control incoming and outgoing network traffic for security. Intrusion detection and prevention systems monitor networks for threats but IPS can also block intrusions.
This document provides information about computer networks and telecommunications. It discusses terminals, telecommunications software, communication processors, communication media, network topologies, protocols, network architectures, and internet protocols. Terminals include video display terminals and other end user workstations. Telecommunications software functions include access control, transmission control, network control, error control, and security. Common network topologies include star, ring, bus, and tree configurations. Popular internet protocols are TCP/IP, FTP, HTTP, Telnet, Gopher, and WAIS. The document also covers internet addressing, domains, email addresses, URLs, and web directories.
Basics concept of network and internet mansiMansiGupta298
network, computer network, topology of network, types of computer network,OSI model, TCP/IP model, concept of internet, internet service provider, email
Computer networks - CBSE New Syllabus (083) Class - XIIDeepak Singh
The document provides information on various computer networking concepts. It defines Internet of Things (IoT) and discusses the differences between public and private clouds. It also describes wired and wireless networks, the roles of clients and servers, and common networking hardware like NICs, switches, routers and access points. The document further explains networking protocols and standards such as IP versions, DNS, URLs, modulation techniques, and communication protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP and more.
A Deep Dive in the World of IT Networking (part 1)Tuan Yang
For a successful career in Information Technology, a strong foundation of basic networking concepts is a must. Networking technology allows for the exchange of data between large and small information systems used primarily by various businesses.
Learn more about:
» To be a Successful ICT Professional
» Running the IT projects successfully
» Benefit of networking
» Network Components
» Data Transfer
» IP Address
» Windows Commands
» Types of LANS
» Network Topology
» Centralized Computing Vs. Distributive Computing
» Client Server Model
» Peer to Peer Networks
Everything you need to know about network troubleshooting can be learned in elementary school. Networking involves hardware and software that allows computers to communicate. No two networks are exactly alike. Basic network components include end stations, applications, and the network itself. The OSI model provides a standard way to understand how data moves through a network via different layers. TCP/IP is the most common network protocol and uses IP for addressing and routing and TCP for reliable data delivery. Gathering basic network statistics is an important part of troubleshooting.
Internet basics and Cloud Computing- Manish Jhamanish jha
The document discusses various aspects of computer networking including hardware components, protocols, transmission media, and cloud computing. It defines modem, connectors, cables, adapters, circuits, and switches as key hardware components. It explains protocols like TCP/IP, X.25, and how protocols work by breaking data into packets and ensuring consistent transmission and reception. The document also covers OSI layers, IP addressing, domain name servers, and types of cloud computing services.
Manish Jha- Research Scholar- Internet Basics RequriementManish Jha
The document discusses various aspects of computer networking including definitions of modem, connectors, cables, adapters, circuits, switches, and leased lines. It then discusses hardware/software requirements, protocols, transmission media, and email in networking. It provides descriptions of common protocols like TCP/IP, X.25, frame relay, ATM, and sonet. It also discusses functions of protocols, how protocols work at sending and receiving computers, and differences between TCP and IP.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and local area network (LAN) protocols. It discusses the uses of computer networks for business applications, home networks, mobile users, and some social issues. It then describes the structure of LANs and the key protocols involved, including the medium access control and logical link control sublayers. Specific LAN standards covered include Ethernet, IEEE 802.3, wireless LANs, bridges, switches, and virtual LANs.
The document provides information about computer networks and networking concepts. It discusses what a network is and examples like the Internet. It then covers topics such as the uses of networks for communication, accessing resources, centralizing data, transferring files, and more. The document also discusses different types of networks categorized by size, connectivity, and design. Additionally, it covers networking protocols, data transmission methods, network architectures, and models like OSI and TCP/IP.
This document provides an overview of networking fundamentals including network history, topologies, protocols, and devices. It discusses the evolution of networks from standalone computers connecting via modems to today's large networks. It describes common network topologies like bus, star, and ring. The document outlines the OSI and TCP/IP models and explains the functions of common networking devices like hubs, bridges, routers, and gateways. It also covers wired media like coaxial cable and fiber optic cable as well as wireless networking standards.
The document provides an introduction to computer networks. It discusses what a network is, why networks are needed, and how they are classified based on scale, connection method, and relationship. The key types of networks covered are personal area networks, local area networks, campus area networks, metropolitan area networks, wide area networks, and virtual private networks. Basic network hardware components are also introduced.
It provides additional features like spell checking, grammar checking,
translation etc.
Networking: It handles all the networking tasks like establishing connection with
server, sending and receiving HTTP requests and responses.
UI Backend: It provides platform specific implementation for user interface.
Data Storage: It stores cookies, cache, bookmarks, history etc.
Plug-ins: It provides support for additional features like Flash, PDF, media players
etc.
JavaScript Interpreter: It interprets and executes the JavaScript code embedded in
web pages.
Browser Security: It provides security features like sandboxing, same-origin policy,
digital signatures etc.
Browser Extensibility: It allows third party extensions to add
The document discusses the architecture and workings of the Internet. It provides definitions and explanations of key concepts:
- The Internet is a network of networks that connects millions of devices globally using standardized communication protocols like TCP/IP. There is no single entity that controls it.
- Individual networks are connected through routers that pass traffic between them. Routers know the addresses of local networks and pass packets to the appropriate outgoing link.
- IP addresses identify devices and allow location addressing. The IP layer handles packaging, addressing, and routing of data packets across the networks.
- Other important concepts discussed include protocols like TCP and UDP, the OSI model layers, DNS lookups, firewalls, and differences between internet, intr
Computer communications involves the transfer of data between devices using a communications channel. Key components of communication include a sender, receiver, encoding/decoding devices, and transmission medium. Networks connect multiple devices to facilitate communication and sharing of resources. Common network types include local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Standards define how devices communicate over networks and include protocols, topologies, and technologies like Ethernet, TCP/IP, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth.
Computer networking involves connecting computing devices together to share data. It uses both hardware and software. There are different types of computer networks classified by their geographic reach, such as local area networks (LANs) within a single building and wide area networks (WANs) spanning cities or countries. Basic network designs are client-server, with centralized server computers accessed by client devices, and peer-to-peer where all devices have equal functions. Common network devices include switches, hubs, routers, gateways, and bridges which help direct data traffic and establish connections within and between networks. TCP/IP is a fundamental communications protocol used to connect devices on the internet and private networks.
Internet Technology Lectures
network protocols, TCP/IP Model
Lecturer: Saman M. Almufti / Kurdistan Region, Nawroz University
facebook: https://www.facebook.com/saman.malmufti
YouTube Link:https://youtu.be/JgbAWAc0fDs
The document discusses communications and network security basics including telecommunications, protocols, network architectures, and the OSI model. It provides an overview of each layer of the OSI model and how data is encapsulated as it moves through the layers. Key concepts covered include TCP/IP, IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, tunneling methods, wired transmission types, cable types, and plenum cable requirements.
The document discusses ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), broadband ISDN, narrowband ISDN, local area networks, and computer communication protocols. It provides details on:
- ISDN being intended as a worldwide telecommunications network to replace existing networks and support a variety of services through digital switches and paths.
- Narrowband ISDN using 64-kbps channels as the basic switching unit and contributing frame relay. Broadband ISDN supporting very high data rates of 100s of Mbps with a packet-switching orientation and contributing asynchronous transfer mode (ATM).
- Key distinctions between local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs) relating to scope, data rates
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
2. Networking Basics
• Switch: It connects multiple computers and mobile devices together into a local
network.It serves as a central point through which computers on that local
network communicate with each other.It cannot connect to other networks by
itself–it requires a router to communicate with other networks.
• Router: A router connects separate networks, allowing information to route from
one to the other. The networks may be physically separate, such as a home office
network and the Internet, or logically separate, such as subnetworks that share
cabling. In this sense, a router forwards data between networks in much the same
way as a postal distribution center forwards mail between cities.
• Firewall: A network firewall is a security device that puts up a barrier between a
local network and the Internet.It acts as a filter, allowing or restricting data traffic
between the network it protects and other networks. They are flexible, allow to
modify the blocking rules, such as by IP address, by protocol
3. DNS(Domain
Name System)
The Domain Name System (DNS) is the phonebook of the
Internet. Humans access information online through domain
names, like nytimes.com or espn.com. Web browsers interact
through Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. DNS translates domain
names to IP addresses so browsers can load Internet resources.
DNS works with the help of DNS servers. When a user enters the
domain name into the web browser, the request goes to the DNS
server. The DNS server determines the IP address using a look-up
table. Then it sends the requested information to user?s web
browser through proper servers.
4. IP Address
An IP address is a unique address that identifies a device on the
internet or a local network. IP stands for "Internet Protocol,"
which is the set of rules governing the format of data sent via the
internet or local network.
It is a string of numbers separated by periods. IP addresses are
expressed as a set of four numbers — an example address might
be 192.158.1.38. Each number in the set can range from 0 to
255. So, the full IP addressing range goes from 0.0.0.0 to
255.255.255.255.
5. TCP(Transmission
Control Protocol)
• TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. Connection-
orientation means that the communicating devices should
establish a connection before transmitting data and should
close the connection after transmitting the data.
• It is reliable as it guarantees the delivery of data to the
destination router.
• Provides extensive error checking mechanisms. It is because
it provides flow control and acknowledgment of data.
6. Establishing a
TCP Connection
The 3-way handshake
• Guarantee that both sides are ready for connection
• Allows both sides to agree on initial sequence
numbers
Site 1 Network Site 2
Send SYN seq=x
Send SYN seq=y,
ACK x+1
Send ACK y+1
Receive SYN&ACK
Receive ACK
8. UDP(User Datagram
Protocol)
• UDP is the Datagram oriented protocol. This is because
there is no overhead for opening a connection,
maintaining a connection, and terminating a
connection.
• The delivery of data to the destination cannot be
guaranteed in UDP.
• It has only the basic error checking mechanism using
checksums.
9. Subnetting
• When a bigger network is divided into smaller
networks, in order to maintain security, then that is
known as Subnetting. so, maintenance is easier for
smaller networks.
• allows to limit the number of routers that network
traffic has to pass through.
• subnet mask echoes an IP address, but it can only be
utilized within an internal network. This mask helps
to identify which part of the IP address relates to the
network and which part relates to the host.
11. SNPM Trap
• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is used by
different devices (Routers, Switches, Printers, etc.) on the
network to check each other’s activity and communicate
critical information.
• SNMP Traps are the most frequently used alert messages sent
from a remote SNMP-enabled device (an agent) to a central
collector, the “SNMP manager.”
• A Trap might report an event of overheating in a machine.
• They are the main form of communication between an SNMP
Agent and SNMP Manager. They are used to inform an SNMP
manager when a significant event occurs at the Agent level.
13. MIB
MIB stands for Management Information Base and
is a collection of information organized
hierarchically. These are accessed using a protocol
such as SNMP
14. Network Fault Management
• In order to prevent network downtime and equipment failures -
as well as recover in a timely manner when these events do
happen - it's necessary to have an efficient network fault
management system.
• The ISO Network Management Model lists fault monitoring as
one of the five key functional areas of network
management and defines it as the ability to detect, isolate,
notify, and correct faults encountered in the network.
15. What Role Does Network Fault
Management Play in Companies?
Network fault management refers to the activities, methods,
procedures, and tools that pertain to the operation, administration,
maintenance, and provisioning of your networked systems.
Operation deals with keeping your network (and the services that your
network provides) up and running smoothly. It includes monitoring the
network to spot problems as soon as possible, ideally before users are
affected.
Administration deals with keeping track of your resources in the
network and how they are assigned. It includes all the "housekeeping"
that is necessary to keep your network under control.
Maintenance is concerned with performing repairs and upgrades - for
example, when your equipment must be replaced, when a router needs
a patch for an operating system image, when a new switch is added to a
network.
Provisioning is concerned with configuring resources in your network to
support a given service. For example, this might be setting up your
network so that a new customer can receive voice service.
16. Network Protocols
• HTTP(Hyper text transfer protocol):It is a TCP/IP based
communication protocol, that is used to deliver data
(HTML files, image files, query results, etc.) on the World
Wide Web. It provides a standardized way for computers
to communicate with each other and specifies how clients'
request data will be constructed and sent to the server,
and how the servers respond to these requests.
• TCP(Transmission Control Protocol): It is a transport layer
protocol that facilitates the transmission of packets from
source to destination. It is a connection-oriented protocol
that means it establishes the connection prior to the
communication that occurs between the computing
devices in a network.
17. Network
Protocols(cont)
• SOAP:It is known as the Simple Object Access Protocol.It is an XML-
based protocol for accessing web services over HTTP,it tells how
web services talk to each other or talk to client applications that
invoke them.
• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) :is a standard
protocol used for the communication and management of network
devices connected over an IP. With a set of standards, SNMP
collects data from different hardware and software, organizes
them, and aids in network fault detection and analysis. Most of the
network devices like routers, switches, firewalls, printers, servers,
CCTV cameras, and wireless access points are SNMP-enabled, and
they send the performance data for monitoring.
18. Load Balancer
Load balancing is defined as the methodical and
efficient distribution of network or application
traffic across multiple servers in a server farm. Each
load balancer sits between client devices and
backend servers, receiving and then distributing
incoming requests to any available server capable
of fulfilling them.
19. Virtualization
Virtualization uses software to create an
abstraction layer over computer hardware that
allows the hardware elements of a single
computer—processors, memory, storage and more
to be divided into multiple virtual computers,
commonly called virtual machines (VMs). Each VM
runs its own operating system and behaves like an
independent computer, even though it is running
on just a portion of the actual underlying computer
hardware.
20. Amazon EC2
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a
web service that provides secure, resizable
compute capacity in the cloud. It is designed to
make web-scale cloud computing easier for
developers ,allows to obtain and configure capacity
with minimal friction. It provides you with complete
control of your computing resources and lets you
run on Amazon’s proven computing environment.
21. Azure
At its core, Azure is a public cloud computing
platform—with solutions including Infrastructure as
a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS),
and Software as a Service (SaaS) that can be used
for services such as analytics, virtual computing,
storage, networking, and much more. It can be used
to replace or supplement your on-premise servers.