sascdc

1. IT Familiarization Training

2. Networking
Computer networking is a linking of the network devices and computers with each other to
provide the data communications and sharing the network resources such as printer, scanner,
modem, CD/DVD and internet access.
Broad Categories of Network
Geographical coverage :-
Local Area Network (LAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Medium of Networking :-
Copper Cable
Optical Fibre
Air (Wireless)

3. LAN
(Local Area Network)
A local area network (LAN) is a Computer network that interconnects computers in a limited
area such as home, school, computer laboratory or office building. Most LANs connect
workstations and personal computers. Each node (individual computer ) in a LAN has its own
CPU with which it executes programs, but it also is able to access data and devices
anywhere on the LAN. This means that many users can share expensive devices, such as
laser printers, as well as data. Users can also use the LAN to communicate with each other,
by sending e-mail or engaging in chat sessions.

4. WAN
(Wide Area Network)
A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunication network that covers a broad area (i.e., any
network that links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries). Business and
government entities utilize WANs to relay data among employees, clients, buyers, and suppliers
from various geographical locations. In essence this mode of telecommunication allows a
business to effectively carry out its daily function regardless of location.

5. Medium used for Networking
Copper cable
Optical Fibre
Air (Wireless)
Category 5 cable (Cat 5) is a twisted
pair cable for carrying signals. This
type of cable is used in structured
cabling for computer networks such as
Ethernet. It is also used to carry other
signals such as telephony and video.
A fiber optic cable consists of a
bundle of glass threads, each of
which is capable of transmitting
messages modulated onto light
waves
Its an computer network that is not
connected by cables of any kind. It is use to
avoid the costly process of introducing
cables into a building, or as a connection
between various equipment locations. It
uses transmission system called radio
waves.

6. Networking Devices
Switches
 Switches :- Most business networks today use switches to connect computers, printers and
servers within a building or campus. A switch serves as a controller, enabling networked
devices to talk to each other efficiently. Through information sharing and resource allocation,
switches save businesses money and increase employee productivity. The main advantage of
Switch is to reduce connectivity problem .A switch can contain a minimum of 24 ports and
maximum of 48 ports.

7. Router :- It is a physical devices that join multiple wired or wireless networks together. It is
connected to two or more data lines from different networks. When data comes in on one of
the lines, the router reads the address information in the packet to determine its ultimate
destination. It can analyse the data being sent over a network, change how it is packaged and
send it to another network or over a different network.
Networking Devices
Routers
Wireless Router

8. Firewall :- A system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network.
Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software, or a combination of both.
Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private
networks connected to the Internet, especially intranets. All messages entering or leaving the
intranet pass through the firewall, which examines each message and blocks those that do not
meet the specified security criteria. A firewall is considered a first line of defense in protecting
private information. A number of companies make firewall products. Features include logging
and reporting, automatic alarms at given thresholds of attack, and a graphical user interface
for controlling the firewall.
Networking Devices
Firewall

9. Leased Line :- A leased line is a service contract between a provider and a customer, whereby
the provider agrees to deliver a symmetric telecommunications line connecting two or more
locations in exchange for a monthly rent (hence the term lease). It is sometimes known as a
'Private Circuit' or 'Data Line'. Unlike traditional PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)
lines it does not have a telephone number, each side of the line being permanently connected to
the other. Leased lines can be used for telephone, data or Internet services.
Network Connectivity
Point to Point Link

10. MPLS :- It stands for Multi-Protocol Label Switching. It describe a privately operated network
that incorporates technical means to carefully control connection paths between locations. You
can specify connectivity between two locations in town or across the country. Or you can set it
up to allow any of a dozen or a hundred locations communicate with any of the others at will.
Because it's multi-protocol, MPLS networks can handle nearly any type of digital traffic you can
generate including VoIP and TDM telephone, IP video, and packet data.
Network Connectivity

11. A server is a computer program running to serve the requests of other programs, the "clients". Thus, the
"server" performs some computational task on behalf of "clients". The clients either run on the same
computer or connect through the network. Server is a physical computer (a hardware system) dedicated to
running one or more such services (as a host), to serve the needs of users of the other computers on the
network. Depending on the computing service that it offers it could be a database server, file server, mail
server, print server, web servers, or other. Servers often provide essential services across a network,
either to private users inside a large organization or to public users via the Internet. For example, when you
enter a query in a search engine, the query is sent from your computer over the internet to the servers that
store all the relevant web pages. The results are sent back by the server to your computer.
Servers

12. Tower Server :- A tower server is a computer intended for use as
a server and built in an upright cabinet that stands alone. The
cabinet, called a tower, is similar in size and shape to the cabinet for
a tower-style personal computer.
Advantages of tower servers include:
 Easier cooling, because the overall component density is fairly low.
 Scalability, because an unlimited number of servers can be added
to an existing network.
Disadvantages:
 A set of tower servers is bulkier and heavier than an equivalent blade
server or set of rack servers.
 Cabling for a large set of tower servers can be complicated.
 A group of several air-cooled tower servers in a single location can be noisy
because each tower requires a dedicated fan.
Types of Servers
Hardware wise

13. Types of Servers
Hardware wise
• Rack Servers :- A rack server, also called a rack-
mounted server, is a computer dedicated to use as a
server and designed to be installed in a framework
called a rack. The rack contains multiple mounting
slots called bays, each designed to hold a hardware
unit secured in place with screws. A rack server has
a low-profile enclosure, in contrast to a tower server,
which is built into an upright, standalone cabinet.
• A single rack can contain multiple servers stacked
one above the other, consolidating network
resources and minimizing the required floor space.
The rack server configuration also simplifies cabling
among network components. In an equipment rack
filled with servers, a special cooling system is
necessary to prevent excessive heat build-up that
would otherwise occur when many power-dissipating
components are confined in a small space

14. Blade Servers :- A blade server is a server chassis
housing multiple thin, modular electronic circuit
boards, known as server blades. Each blade is a
server in its own right, often dedicated to a single
application. The blades are literally servers on a
card, containing processors, memory, integrated
network controllers, an optional Fiber Channel host
bus adaptor (HBA) and other input/output (IO) ports.
Blade servers allow more processing power in less
rack space, simplifying cabling and reducing power
consumption. Enterprises moving to blade servers
can experience as much as an 85% reduction in
cabling for blade installations over conventional 1U
or tower servers. With so much less cabling, IT
administrators can spend less time managing the
infrastructure and more time ensuring high
availability.
Types of Servers
Hardware wise

15. Virtual Server :- Hardware virtualization or platform virtualization refers to the creation of a
virtual machine that acts like a real computer with an operating system. For example, a
computer that is running Microsoft Windows may host a virtual machine that looks like a
computer with Ubuntu Linux operating system. In hardware virtualization, the term host machine
refers to the actual machine on which the virtualization takes place; the term guest machine,
however, refers to the virtual machine. Likewise, the noun adjuncts host and guest are used to
help distinguish the software that runs on the actual machine from the software that runs on the
virtual machine. The software or firmware that creates a virtual machine on the host hardware is
called a hypervisor or Virtual Machine Monitor.
Types of Servers
Hardware wise
Major Players
 Vmware
 Microsoft Hyper – V
 Red Hat Linux

16. Domain Controllers :- On Windows Server Systems, a domain controller (DC) is a server
that responds to security authentication requests (logging in, checking permissions, etc.) within
the Windows Server domain.whereby a user may be granted access to a number of computer
resources with the use of a single username and password combination.
Types of Servers
Function wise

17. Email Servers :- Often referred to as simply "mail server", an e-mail server is a computer within
your network that works as your virtual post office. A mail server usually consists of a storage
area where where e-mail is stored for local users, a set of user definable rules which determine
how the mail server should react to the destination of a specific message, a database of user
accounts that the mail server recognizes and will deal with locally, and communications modules
which are the components that actually handle the transfer of messages to and from other mail
servers and email clients. Generally the person(s) responsible for the maintenance of the e-mail
server (editing users, monitoring system activity) are referred to as the Mail Administrator. Most
mail servers are designed to operate without any manual intervention during normal operation.
Types of Servers
Function wise
Public Email Servers Private Email Servers
Gmail Microsoft Exchange
Yahoo Linux Sendmail / Qmail
Hotmail IBM Lotus Domino
Rediff Novell Netmail

18. Database server :- It is a computer program that provides database services to other
computer programs or computers, as defined by the client–server model. The term may also
refer to a computer dedicated to running such a program. Database management systems
frequently provide database server functionality, Such a server is accessed either through a
"front end" running on the user’s computer which displays requested data or the "back end"
which runs on the server and handles tasks such as data analysis and storage.
Some examples of Database servers are Oracle, DB2, Informix, Ingres, SQL Server. Every
server uses its own query logic and structure. The SQL query language is more or less the
same in all the database servers.
Types of Servers
Function wise

19. Web Server :- Web server is a program that, using the client/server model and the World Wide
Web's Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTP ), serves the files that form Web pages to Web users
(whose computers contain HTTP clients that forward their requests). Every computer on the
Internet that contains a Web site must have a Web server program. Two leading Web servers
are Apache , the most widely-installed Web server, and Microsoft's Internet Information Server
( IIS ). Web servers often come as part of a larger package of Internet- and intranet-related
programs for serving e-mail, downloading requests for File Transfer Protocol ( FTP ) files, and
building and publishing Web pages.
Types of Servers
Function wise

20. SAN
(Storage Area Network)
In storage networking terminology, a Storage Area Network (SAN) is a high-speed subnetwork
of shared storage devices. A storage device is a machine that contains nothing but a disk or
disks for storing data. A SAN's architecture works in a way that makes all storage devices
available to all servers on a LAN or WAN. As more storage devices are added to a SAN, they
too will be accessible from any server in the larger network. In this case, the server merely acts
as a pathway between the end user and the stored data. Because stored data does not reside
directly on any of a network's servers, server power is utilized for business applications, and
network capacity is released to the end user.
Major Players
 HP
 EMC
 DELL
 IBM
 SUN

21. NAS
(Network Attached Storage)
A network-attached storage (NAS) device is a server that is dedicated to nothing more than file
sharing. NAS does not provide any of the activities that a server in a server-centric system
typically provides, such as e-mail, authentication or file management. NAS allows more hard
disk storage space to be added to a network that already utilizes servers without shutting them
down for maintenance and upgrades. With a NAS device, storage is not an integral part of the
server. Instead, in this storage-centric design, the server still handles all of the processing of
data but a NAS device delivers the data to the user. A NAS device does not need to be located
within the server but can exist anywhere in a LAN and can be made up of multiple networked
NAS devices.
Major Players
 HP
 EMC
 DELL
 IBM
 SUN
 Hitachi
 Iomega
 QNAP

22. A product or device that has multiple functions. An example of this might be a printer that also
makes copies, faxes, and scans. Another example is a CD or DVD that might contain multiple
applications on the same disk; this may be a Mac and PC version of the same software or media
meant to be played on more than one platform Also called multi function product (MFP), all-in-
one.
MFD
(Multi Functional Devices)
Major Players
 HP
 DELL
 Cannon
 Epson
 Xerox

23. Managed hosting solutions are comprehensive suits of services to host and manage mission critical
infrastructure and application through rich portfolio of flexible hosting solutions including colocation,
infrastructure hosting and network bandwidth, application services, to managing servers and data centres.
Services will be hosted at Service providers data centre, ensuring complete reliability, security, low TCO,
scalability, support and peace of mind.
Benefits:
 Low total cost of ownership
 Comprehensive monitoring and management options from availability monitoring to component availability
management to end-to-end performance management.
 Performance advantages of a 24x365 predictive management platform.
 Scalability and customized services to take care of all future needs
 Tailor made solution to meet particular need
 Industry-leading portal and reporting services for optimum control and visibility.
 Eliminates the threat of obsolescence
 Complete peace of mind and help you focus on core business
Managed Hosting

24. Thank You