Machine learning is when computers learn from data without being explicitly programmed, by recognizing patterns in the data. There are three main types of machine learning: supervised learning where the machine learns under guidance from labeled data, unsupervised learning where the machine must figure out patterns without labels, and reinforcement learning where the machine learns from experience by discovering rewards or errors. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that uses artificial neural networks inspired by the human brain to analyze data through supervised and unsupervised learning using large datasets. The main differences between machine learning and deep learning are that deep learning uses neural networks, requires huge datasets, and is self-reliant, while machine learning can work with smaller datasets and requires some human intervention.