Chapter 3 - Treatment
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•6,411 views
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 3 - Treatment
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Chapter 6 - Physical Activity
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 6 - Physical Activity
Chapter 2 - Morbidity
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 2 - Morbidity
Chapter 1 - Mortality
The document shows line graphs of death rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke for men aged 0-64 years in Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Russia, and the UK from 1980 to 2010. The death rates from CHD and stroke generally decreased over time for all countries shown, with Bulgaria typically having the highest rates and France typically having the lowest rates.
Chapter 9 - Blood Cholesterol
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 9 - Blood Cholesterol
Chapter 11 - Diabetes
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 11 - Diabetes
Recommended
Chapter 6 - Physical Activity
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 6 - Physical Activity
Chapter 2 - Morbidity
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 2 - Morbidity
Chapter 1 - Mortality
The document shows line graphs of death rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke for men aged 0-64 years in Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Russia, and the UK from 1980 to 2010. The death rates from CHD and stroke generally decreased over time for all countries shown, with Bulgaria typically having the highest rates and France typically having the lowest rates.
Chapter 9 - Blood Cholesterol
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 9 - Blood Cholesterol
Chapter 11 - Diabetes
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 11 - Diabetes
Chapter 12 - Economic Costs
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 12 - Economic Costs
Chapter 8 - Blood Pressure
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 8 - Blood Pressure
Chapter 10 - Overweight and Obesity
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 10 - Overweight and Obesity
inflation and unemployment in Pakistan :data 2000-11
macro economics presentation about the relationship of unemployment and inflation through Phillips curve
Unemployment in Pakistan
This document presents information on unemployment in Pakistan. It discusses that the unemployment rate in Pakistan was 6% in 2014-2015, and provides a graph showing it has generally decreased from over 7% in 2004-2005. It identifies several root causes of unemployment such as a faulty education system, energy crisis closing industries, and more. Steps proposed to decrease unemployment include improving education, using technology, developing industries and infrastructure, addressing population growth and solving the energy crisis. In conclusion, unemployment leads to other problems like poverty and crime, so it is important to address.
Unemployment in Pakistan
Unemployment is a global issue that Pakistan also faces, with a 6% unemployment rate in 2014-2015. The main causes of unemployment in Pakistan include overpopulation outpacing available jobs, a faulty education system lacking vocational training, inconsistent government policies, and energy crises that have closed many industries. Unemployment has negative psychological, economic, and social effects like increased poverty, depression, and rising crime rates as unemployed youth lack hope and opportunities. To address unemployment, the document recommends improving vocational education, enacting consistent job-creating policies, better family planning to control population growth, reducing corruption, and resolving energy shortages to allow industries to reopen.
unemployment in pakistan
Unemployment is a major problem in Pakistan, with the unemployment rate estimated to be around 6-6.5% in recent years. There are several types of unemployment that exist in Pakistan, including cyclical, frictional, technological, and seasonal. Common causes of unemployment include a growing population, lack of small businesses and jobs, an inefficient employment system, and energy crises causing industries to move abroad. Potential solutions involve improved government planning and job creation, reforming the education system, decreasing retirement ages, eliminating favoritism, and controlling the population growth rate.
Phillips Curve, Inflation & Interest Rate
The document discusses the Phillips curve and the relationship between inflation and unemployment. It describes the short-run Phillips curve as downward sloping, showing that higher inflation is linked to lower unemployment. The long-run Phillips curve is vertical at the natural rate of unemployment, so inflation changes do not affect unemployment. The document also examines how interest rates are determined based on real rates, expected inflation, and risk differences between countries. Higher inflation is associated with higher nominal interest rates.
The Phillips Curve
The document discusses the Phillips Curve, which originally showed a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment according to data analyzed by Prof. Phillips. Lower unemployment was believed to cause higher inflation as more employment and spending increased aggregate demand. However, in the 1970s both inflation and unemployment remained high, a phenomenon known as stagflation, requiring economists to rethink the Phillips Curve relationship in the long run.
Philip's Curve
The Phillips curve describes an inverse relationship between unemployment and inflation, such that lower unemployment is associated with higher inflation. While observed to be stable in the short-run, it does not hold in the long-run. The document discusses the origins of the Phillips curve from William Phillips' 1958 paper and subsequent modifications by economists like Friedman and Phelps who argued it does not reflect long-run economic realities. It also examines shifts to the Phillips curve from supply shocks and how the relationship between unemployment and inflation is now understood with incorporation of inflation expectations.
Report of the Working Groups and Councils Meeting 5 march 2014
The document provides an overview of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) structure and activities. Some key points:
- The ESC was founded in 1950 and now has over 84,000 members across 56 national cardiac societies.
- It is headquartered at the European Heart House which employs 146 staff members.
- The ESC structure includes 4 Councils, 16 Working Groups, and 6 Associations that work to advance cardiovascular research and reduce disease burden.
- Activities include organizing the annual ESC Congress program, developing clinical practice guidelines, publishing journals and textbooks, providing education and certification, and conducting surveys and registries.
- Support is available to constituent bodies for submitting sessions to the Congress,
Aortic stenosis and indication for non-cardiac surgery
This document discusses the case of an 84-year-old woman with severe aortic stenosis who needs left colectomy surgery for colon cancer. After evaluating her cardiac condition and risks of the non-cardiac surgery, the team decides to perform the colectomy without prior treatment of the aortic stenosis due to her being asymptomatic and the surgery being of intermediate risk. She undergoes the colectomy with close cardiac monitoring and has an uneventful postoperative recovery. The key lessons are that risk stratification should consider symptoms, surgery indication and risks, and risks of treating aortic stenosis; and intermediate-risk non-cardiac surgery can be done safely in asymptomatic patients with careful anesthesia management.
A pregnant women with valvular heart disease
This document presents the case of a 28-year-old pregnant woman with known but uninvestigated valvular heart disease. Echocardiography revealed severe mitral regurgitation with mild mitral stenosis and mild aortic regurgitation. Close monitoring during pregnancy showed the condition was well tolerated without treatment. A multidisciplinary team recommended vaginal delivery with monitoring due to the risks of cardiac surgery during pregnancy. Delivery was successful at term with a healthy baby. The key messages were that regurgitant valve disease can be tolerated in pregnancy if left ventricular function is normal, cardiac surgery should be avoided, and multidisciplinary management including delivery planning is important.
An unusual heart coping with a dysfunctional prosthetic valve (at least once ...
A 45-year-old female presented with severe shortness of breath and was found to have a dysfunctional mechanical mitral valve prosthesis implanted 10 years ago. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed the monoleaflet valve was only opening intermittently every two or three beats due to limited motion. Surgery found pannus tissue extending from the valve annulus obstructing leaflet opening. Pannus is fibroelastic tissue ingrowth from the annulus that can obstruct prosthetic valves. Differentiating pannus and thrombus is important for determining appropriate treatment as pannus requires surgery while thrombus may be treated with thrombolysis.
Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation with Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was used to assess aortic regurgitation severity in a patient where transthoracic echocardiography findings were inconclusive. CMR revealed a dilated left ventricle with impaired systolic function consistent with severe aortic regurgitation from a bicuspid aortic valve. Quantification of regurgitant volume and fraction from phase contrast imaging supported a diagnosis of severe aortic regurgitation. Due to symptoms, the patient was referred for surgical intervention as recommended by guidelines for management of severe aortic regurgitation.
Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation with Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
This document discusses the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to assess aortic regurgitation in a 43-year-old male patient. CMR showed a dilated left ventricle with impaired function, a bicuspid aortic valve, and severe aortic regurgitation based on quantified regurgitant volume and fraction as well as halodiastolic flow reversal in the descending aorta. Guidelines support using CMR when echocardiography is inconclusive or has poor image quality. CMR provides accurate assessment of ventricular volumes, valve structure, aortic dimensions, and regurgitation severity to guide management, in this case recommending the patient for surgery.
A heart coping with a dysfunctional prosthetic valve
A heart coping with a dysfunctional prosthetic valve (at least once in every few beats…)
http://www.escardio.org/communities/Working-Groups/valvular/Pages/welcome.aspx
Shortness of breath in a 51 year old woman
This document describes the case of a 51-year-old woman presenting with progressive shortness of breath on exertion for 2 years. Echocardiography revealed features consistent with rheumatic mitral stenosis, including restricted leaflet motion and a mitral valve area of 1.1 cm2 by planimetry and 0.64 cm2 by pressure half-time. Due to favorable clinical factors but unfavorable anatomy, the patient underwent percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PMC), which was successful in increasing her mitral valve area to 1.6 cm2 with only mild residual mitral regurgitation. She was discharged the next day on anticoagulation and maintained improved exercise capacity at 1
Aortic Regurgitation secondary to RCC prolapse
A 38-year-old man was referred for evaluation of dyspnea. Echocardiography revealed severe aortic regurgitation due to prolapse of the right coronary cusp. Transoesophageal echocardiography confirmed moderate to severe left ventricular dilation with mildly impaired systolic function and prolapse of the right coronary cusp causing an eccentric regurgitant jet. The patient underwent aortic valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis due to failure to correct the prolapse with repair.
An Unusual Cause of Left Ventricular Volume Overload after Aortic Valve Repla...
A 67-year-old female presented with syncope and was found to have left ventricular volume overload. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a patent ductus arteriosus causing a left-to-right shunt, elevating pulmonary pressures and resulting in functional mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. While the PDA may have been an incidental finding, it was thought to be the primary cause of left ventricular volume overload. The patient was referred for percutaneous closure of the PDA to treat her symptoms.
Bioprosthetic Valve Degeneration
This document discusses a case of a 76-year-old female patient who underwent bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement in 2007 and is now experiencing fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, and dyspnea. Transthoracic echocardiography showed thickened aortic valve cusps, increased transvalvular gradients, and reduced effective orifice area compared to her post-op echocardiogram, indicating potential bioprosthetic valve degeneration. Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed degeneration of the bioprosthetic valve with fixed cusps and reduced valve area. The patient was referred for redo surgery. The document also reviews the use of echocardiography to evaluate prost
The Carmeliet-Coraboeuf-Weidmann Lecture - David Eisner
The document discusses calcium signaling in the heart and its role in arrhythmias. It makes three key points:
1) The size of calcium transients is steeply dependent on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium content. Even small changes in SR calcium can have large effects on contractility.
2) SR calcium content is tightly controlled by a feedback loop where the systolic calcium transient regulates sarcolemmal calcium fluxes via the L-type calcium channel and sodium-calcium exchanger.
3) Leaky ryanodine receptors (RyRs) can decrease the threshold for spontaneous calcium waves by increasing diastolic calcium levels. Calcium waves produce arrhythmias through delayed afterde
More Related Content
Viewers also liked
Chapter 12 - Economic Costs
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 12 - Economic Costs
Chapter 8 - Blood Pressure
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 8 - Blood Pressure
Chapter 10 - Overweight and Obesity
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 10 - Overweight and Obesity
inflation and unemployment in Pakistan :data 2000-11
macro economics presentation about the relationship of unemployment and inflation through Phillips curve
Unemployment in Pakistan
This document presents information on unemployment in Pakistan. It discusses that the unemployment rate in Pakistan was 6% in 2014-2015, and provides a graph showing it has generally decreased from over 7% in 2004-2005. It identifies several root causes of unemployment such as a faulty education system, energy crisis closing industries, and more. Steps proposed to decrease unemployment include improving education, using technology, developing industries and infrastructure, addressing population growth and solving the energy crisis. In conclusion, unemployment leads to other problems like poverty and crime, so it is important to address.
Unemployment in Pakistan
Unemployment is a global issue that Pakistan also faces, with a 6% unemployment rate in 2014-2015. The main causes of unemployment in Pakistan include overpopulation outpacing available jobs, a faulty education system lacking vocational training, inconsistent government policies, and energy crises that have closed many industries. Unemployment has negative psychological, economic, and social effects like increased poverty, depression, and rising crime rates as unemployed youth lack hope and opportunities. To address unemployment, the document recommends improving vocational education, enacting consistent job-creating policies, better family planning to control population growth, reducing corruption, and resolving energy shortages to allow industries to reopen.
unemployment in pakistan
Unemployment is a major problem in Pakistan, with the unemployment rate estimated to be around 6-6.5% in recent years. There are several types of unemployment that exist in Pakistan, including cyclical, frictional, technological, and seasonal. Common causes of unemployment include a growing population, lack of small businesses and jobs, an inefficient employment system, and energy crises causing industries to move abroad. Potential solutions involve improved government planning and job creation, reforming the education system, decreasing retirement ages, eliminating favoritism, and controlling the population growth rate.
Phillips Curve, Inflation & Interest Rate
The document discusses the Phillips curve and the relationship between inflation and unemployment. It describes the short-run Phillips curve as downward sloping, showing that higher inflation is linked to lower unemployment. The long-run Phillips curve is vertical at the natural rate of unemployment, so inflation changes do not affect unemployment. The document also examines how interest rates are determined based on real rates, expected inflation, and risk differences between countries. Higher inflation is associated with higher nominal interest rates.
The Phillips Curve
The document discusses the Phillips Curve, which originally showed a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment according to data analyzed by Prof. Phillips. Lower unemployment was believed to cause higher inflation as more employment and spending increased aggregate demand. However, in the 1970s both inflation and unemployment remained high, a phenomenon known as stagflation, requiring economists to rethink the Phillips Curve relationship in the long run.
Philip's Curve
The Phillips curve describes an inverse relationship between unemployment and inflation, such that lower unemployment is associated with higher inflation. While observed to be stable in the short-run, it does not hold in the long-run. The document discusses the origins of the Phillips curve from William Phillips' 1958 paper and subsequent modifications by economists like Friedman and Phelps who argued it does not reflect long-run economic realities. It also examines shifts to the Phillips curve from supply shocks and how the relationship between unemployment and inflation is now understood with incorporation of inflation expectations.
Viewers also liked (10)
inflation and unemployment in Pakistan :data 2000-11
inflation and unemployment in Pakistan :data 2000-11
More from escardio
Report of the Working Groups and Councils Meeting 5 march 2014
The document provides an overview of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) structure and activities. Some key points:
- The ESC was founded in 1950 and now has over 84,000 members across 56 national cardiac societies.
- It is headquartered at the European Heart House which employs 146 staff members.
- The ESC structure includes 4 Councils, 16 Working Groups, and 6 Associations that work to advance cardiovascular research and reduce disease burden.
- Activities include organizing the annual ESC Congress program, developing clinical practice guidelines, publishing journals and textbooks, providing education and certification, and conducting surveys and registries.
- Support is available to constituent bodies for submitting sessions to the Congress,
Aortic stenosis and indication for non-cardiac surgery
This document discusses the case of an 84-year-old woman with severe aortic stenosis who needs left colectomy surgery for colon cancer. After evaluating her cardiac condition and risks of the non-cardiac surgery, the team decides to perform the colectomy without prior treatment of the aortic stenosis due to her being asymptomatic and the surgery being of intermediate risk. She undergoes the colectomy with close cardiac monitoring and has an uneventful postoperative recovery. The key lessons are that risk stratification should consider symptoms, surgery indication and risks, and risks of treating aortic stenosis; and intermediate-risk non-cardiac surgery can be done safely in asymptomatic patients with careful anesthesia management.
A pregnant women with valvular heart disease
This document presents the case of a 28-year-old pregnant woman with known but uninvestigated valvular heart disease. Echocardiography revealed severe mitral regurgitation with mild mitral stenosis and mild aortic regurgitation. Close monitoring during pregnancy showed the condition was well tolerated without treatment. A multidisciplinary team recommended vaginal delivery with monitoring due to the risks of cardiac surgery during pregnancy. Delivery was successful at term with a healthy baby. The key messages were that regurgitant valve disease can be tolerated in pregnancy if left ventricular function is normal, cardiac surgery should be avoided, and multidisciplinary management including delivery planning is important.
An unusual heart coping with a dysfunctional prosthetic valve (at least once ...
A 45-year-old female presented with severe shortness of breath and was found to have a dysfunctional mechanical mitral valve prosthesis implanted 10 years ago. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed the monoleaflet valve was only opening intermittently every two or three beats due to limited motion. Surgery found pannus tissue extending from the valve annulus obstructing leaflet opening. Pannus is fibroelastic tissue ingrowth from the annulus that can obstruct prosthetic valves. Differentiating pannus and thrombus is important for determining appropriate treatment as pannus requires surgery while thrombus may be treated with thrombolysis.
Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation with Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was used to assess aortic regurgitation severity in a patient where transthoracic echocardiography findings were inconclusive. CMR revealed a dilated left ventricle with impaired systolic function consistent with severe aortic regurgitation from a bicuspid aortic valve. Quantification of regurgitant volume and fraction from phase contrast imaging supported a diagnosis of severe aortic regurgitation. Due to symptoms, the patient was referred for surgical intervention as recommended by guidelines for management of severe aortic regurgitation.
Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation with Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
This document discusses the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to assess aortic regurgitation in a 43-year-old male patient. CMR showed a dilated left ventricle with impaired function, a bicuspid aortic valve, and severe aortic regurgitation based on quantified regurgitant volume and fraction as well as halodiastolic flow reversal in the descending aorta. Guidelines support using CMR when echocardiography is inconclusive or has poor image quality. CMR provides accurate assessment of ventricular volumes, valve structure, aortic dimensions, and regurgitation severity to guide management, in this case recommending the patient for surgery.
A heart coping with a dysfunctional prosthetic valve
A heart coping with a dysfunctional prosthetic valve (at least once in every few beats…)
http://www.escardio.org/communities/Working-Groups/valvular/Pages/welcome.aspx
Shortness of breath in a 51 year old woman
This document describes the case of a 51-year-old woman presenting with progressive shortness of breath on exertion for 2 years. Echocardiography revealed features consistent with rheumatic mitral stenosis, including restricted leaflet motion and a mitral valve area of 1.1 cm2 by planimetry and 0.64 cm2 by pressure half-time. Due to favorable clinical factors but unfavorable anatomy, the patient underwent percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PMC), which was successful in increasing her mitral valve area to 1.6 cm2 with only mild residual mitral regurgitation. She was discharged the next day on anticoagulation and maintained improved exercise capacity at 1
Aortic Regurgitation secondary to RCC prolapse
A 38-year-old man was referred for evaluation of dyspnea. Echocardiography revealed severe aortic regurgitation due to prolapse of the right coronary cusp. Transoesophageal echocardiography confirmed moderate to severe left ventricular dilation with mildly impaired systolic function and prolapse of the right coronary cusp causing an eccentric regurgitant jet. The patient underwent aortic valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis due to failure to correct the prolapse with repair.
An Unusual Cause of Left Ventricular Volume Overload after Aortic Valve Repla...
A 67-year-old female presented with syncope and was found to have left ventricular volume overload. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a patent ductus arteriosus causing a left-to-right shunt, elevating pulmonary pressures and resulting in functional mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. While the PDA may have been an incidental finding, it was thought to be the primary cause of left ventricular volume overload. The patient was referred for percutaneous closure of the PDA to treat her symptoms.
Bioprosthetic Valve Degeneration
This document discusses a case of a 76-year-old female patient who underwent bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement in 2007 and is now experiencing fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, and dyspnea. Transthoracic echocardiography showed thickened aortic valve cusps, increased transvalvular gradients, and reduced effective orifice area compared to her post-op echocardiogram, indicating potential bioprosthetic valve degeneration. Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed degeneration of the bioprosthetic valve with fixed cusps and reduced valve area. The patient was referred for redo surgery. The document also reviews the use of echocardiography to evaluate prost
The Carmeliet-Coraboeuf-Weidmann Lecture - David Eisner
The document discusses calcium signaling in the heart and its role in arrhythmias. It makes three key points:
1) The size of calcium transients is steeply dependent on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium content. Even small changes in SR calcium can have large effects on contractility.
2) SR calcium content is tightly controlled by a feedback loop where the systolic calcium transient regulates sarcolemmal calcium fluxes via the L-type calcium channel and sodium-calcium exchanger.
3) Leaky ryanodine receptors (RyRs) can decrease the threshold for spontaneous calcium waves by increasing diastolic calcium levels. Calcium waves produce arrhythmias through delayed afterde
When to perform Tricuspid valve Surgery?
This document discusses guidelines for performing tricuspid valve surgery. It notes that 30-50% of patients who undergo isolated mitral valve replacement later develop moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation. The document recommends considering combined tricuspid valve surgery during left-sided valve surgery if the tricuspid regurgitation grade is greater than 2/4 or the tricuspid annular diameter is 40mm or larger, in order to prevent late tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular dysfunction. A strategy based on both tricuspid regurgitation grade and annular diameter is associated with better outcomes than one based on regurgitation grade alone.
Unusual Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation
A 75-year-old man with a history of HIV, kidney disease, and heart disease was admitted for pacemaker implantation. Initially, only mild tricuspid regurgitation was observed. However, 6 months later, severe right heart failure developed and echocardiography showed severe tricuspid regurgitation. 3D echocardiography revealed that the pacemaker lead was impeding closure of the tricuspid valve, causing iatrogenic functional tricuspid regurgitation. The pacemaker lead was responsible for incomplete coaptation of the tricuspid valve leaflets, a rare but severe complication of pacemaker implantation.
EuroPRevent 2014 - 8- 10 MAY 2014 - Amsterdam (NL)
EuroPRevent is the Annual meeting of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation.
It is the Global Cardiovascular Health Forum.
ESC Continuing education and training catalogue 2013-2014
This document provides information on continuing education and training opportunities in cardiology offered by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in 2013-2014. It outlines the ESC's commitment to education, training and lifelong learning in cardiology. It consolidates activities such as congresses, meetings, distance learning courses, publications and grants offered by the ESC and its constituent bodies to guide professionals through their continuing medical education needs. The catalogue is organized by general cardiology topics and activities as well as searchable by specific topics following the ESC core curriculum.
An unusual-mitral-regurgitation
A 49-year-old woman presented with palpitations and shortness of breath. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe mitral regurgitation. However, a subsequent echocardiography showed almost no regurgitation. Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated severe mitral regurgitation with a lack of leaflet coaptation that disappeared minutes later, indicating a paroxysmal functional mitral regurgitation. Exercise echocardiography under beta-blocker therapy found no change in ejection fraction or mitral regurgitation severity but a progressive rise in pulmonary artery pressure. The patient's mitral regurgitation is attributed to radiation-induced valvular changes causing a conformational
Mechanical Valve Thrombosis
This document describes the case of a 20-year-old woman who had a mechanical valve replacement in 2010 and became pregnant in 2012. During her pregnancy, she was treated with vitamin K antagonists until week 36 when she switched to heparin. After delivery, anticoagulation was stopped for several days due to hemorrhaging, which led to a large prosthetic valve thrombosis. She was referred to the authors' center and found to have an obstructive prosthetic valve thrombosis based on echocardiography imaging. She underwent urgent valve replacement surgery. The document concludes with recommendations on managing mechanical valve thrombosis and anticoagulation regimens during pregnancy.
Esc webinar-tutorial-2-attention-tips
The document provides tips for keeping a high level of audience attention during an online webinar or presentation. It recommends (1) showing relevance to the audience's challenges, (2) planning for frequent audience interactions like polls or questions every 4-5 minutes, and (3) encouraging participation through the chat function and addressing questions. Used together, these techniques can turn an online event into a participative experience that maintains engagement.
More from escardio (19)
Report of the Working Groups and Councils Meeting 5 march 2014
Report of the Working Groups and Councils Meeting 5 march 2014
Aortic stenosis and indication for non-cardiac surgery
Aortic stenosis and indication for non-cardiac surgery
An unusual heart coping with a dysfunctional prosthetic valve (at least once ...
An unusual heart coping with a dysfunctional prosthetic valve (at least once ...
Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation with Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation with Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation with Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation with Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
A heart coping with a dysfunctional prosthetic valve
A heart coping with a dysfunctional prosthetic valve
An Unusual Cause of Left Ventricular Volume Overload after Aortic Valve Repla...
An Unusual Cause of Left Ventricular Volume Overload after Aortic Valve Repla...
The Carmeliet-Coraboeuf-Weidmann Lecture - David Eisner
The Carmeliet-Coraboeuf-Weidmann Lecture - David Eisner
EuroPRevent 2014 - 8- 10 MAY 2014 - Amsterdam (NL)
EuroPRevent 2014 - 8- 10 MAY 2014 - Amsterdam (NL)
ESC Continuing education and training catalogue 2013-2014
ESC Continuing education and training catalogue 2013-2014
Recently uploaded
What are the different types of Dental implants.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Fallopian tube blockage may cause female infertility. For treatment, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
This quiz was conducted as a promotional event for the 2024 Annual Meet of Kerala Chapter of API.
More than 20 participants took part everyday !
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Pollen and Fungal allergy: aeroallergy.pdf
Pollen and Fungal allergy: aeroallergy.pdfChulalongkorn Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group
Pollen and Fungal allergy
Presented by Chaloemchai Chumsaengchotsakul, MD.
June 14, 2024June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
une 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
Full Handwritten notes of RA by Ayush Kumar M pharm - Al ameen college of pha...
Full Handwritten notes of RA by Ayush Kumar M pharm - Al ameen college of pha...ayushrajshrivastava7
Regulatory Affairs
Full hand written notes
M.pharm - 1st year .Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Foundation of Yoga, YCB Level-3, Unit-1
Unit -1 of Yoga certification board, level 3, all topics covered. An exam conducted by ministry of Ayush for yoga enthusiastic students.
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
Visit Us: https://drdeepikashomeopathy.com/service/irregular-periods-treatment/
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s Perspective
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Skin Diseases That Happen During Summer.
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
biomechanics of running. Dr.dhwani.pptx
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Challenges associated with ageing from a public health perspective
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Recently uploaded (20)
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
Full Handwritten notes of RA by Ayush Kumar M pharm - Al ameen college of pha...
Full Handwritten notes of RA by Ayush Kumar M pharm - Al ameen college of pha...
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf