Chapter 5 - Diet
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2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 5 - Diet
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Chapter 6 - Physical Activity
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 6 - Physical Activity
Chapter 1 - Mortality
The document shows line graphs of death rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke for men aged 0-64 years in Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Russia, and the UK from 1980 to 2010. The death rates from CHD and stroke generally decreased over time for all countries shown, with Bulgaria typically having the highest rates and France typically having the lowest rates.
Chapter 3 - Treatment
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 3 - Treatment
Chapter 2 - Morbidity
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 2 - Morbidity
Chapter 11 - Diabetes
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 11 - Diabetes
Chapter 10 - Overweight and Obesity
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 10 - Overweight and Obesity
Recommended
Chapter 6 - Physical Activity
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 6 - Physical Activity
Chapter 1 - Mortality
The document shows line graphs of death rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke for men aged 0-64 years in Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Russia, and the UK from 1980 to 2010. The death rates from CHD and stroke generally decreased over time for all countries shown, with Bulgaria typically having the highest rates and France typically having the lowest rates.
Chapter 3 - Treatment
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 3 - Treatment
Chapter 2 - Morbidity
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 2 - Morbidity
Chapter 11 - Diabetes
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 11 - Diabetes
Chapter 10 - Overweight and Obesity
2012 European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics - Visuals, Chapter 10 - Overweight and Obesity
Report of the Working Groups and Councils Meeting 5 march 2014
The document provides an overview of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) structure and activities. Some key points:
- The ESC was founded in 1950 and now has over 84,000 members across 56 national cardiac societies.
- It is headquartered at the European Heart House which employs 146 staff members.
- The ESC structure includes 4 Councils, 16 Working Groups, and 6 Associations that work to advance cardiovascular research and reduce disease burden.
- Activities include organizing the annual ESC Congress program, developing clinical practice guidelines, publishing journals and textbooks, providing education and certification, and conducting surveys and registries.
- Support is available to constituent bodies for submitting sessions to the Congress,
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This document discusses the case of an 84-year-old woman with severe aortic stenosis who needs left colectomy surgery for colon cancer. After evaluating her cardiac condition and risks of the non-cardiac surgery, the team decides to perform the colectomy without prior treatment of the aortic stenosis due to her being asymptomatic and the surgery being of intermediate risk. She undergoes the colectomy with close cardiac monitoring and has an uneventful postoperative recovery. The key lessons are that risk stratification should consider symptoms, surgery indication and risks, and risks of treating aortic stenosis; and intermediate-risk non-cardiac surgery can be done safely in asymptomatic patients with careful anesthesia management.
A pregnant women with valvular heart disease
This document presents the case of a 28-year-old pregnant woman with known but uninvestigated valvular heart disease. Echocardiography revealed severe mitral regurgitation with mild mitral stenosis and mild aortic regurgitation. Close monitoring during pregnancy showed the condition was well tolerated without treatment. A multidisciplinary team recommended vaginal delivery with monitoring due to the risks of cardiac surgery during pregnancy. Delivery was successful at term with a healthy baby. The key messages were that regurgitant valve disease can be tolerated in pregnancy if left ventricular function is normal, cardiac surgery should be avoided, and multidisciplinary management including delivery planning is important.
An unusual heart coping with a dysfunctional prosthetic valve (at least once ...
A 45-year-old female presented with severe shortness of breath and was found to have a dysfunctional mechanical mitral valve prosthesis implanted 10 years ago. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed the monoleaflet valve was only opening intermittently every two or three beats due to limited motion. Surgery found pannus tissue extending from the valve annulus obstructing leaflet opening. Pannus is fibroelastic tissue ingrowth from the annulus that can obstruct prosthetic valves. Differentiating pannus and thrombus is important for determining appropriate treatment as pannus requires surgery while thrombus may be treated with thrombolysis.
Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation with Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was used to assess aortic regurgitation severity in a patient where transthoracic echocardiography findings were inconclusive. CMR revealed a dilated left ventricle with impaired systolic function consistent with severe aortic regurgitation from a bicuspid aortic valve. Quantification of regurgitant volume and fraction from phase contrast imaging supported a diagnosis of severe aortic regurgitation. Due to symptoms, the patient was referred for surgical intervention as recommended by guidelines for management of severe aortic regurgitation.
Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation with Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
This document discusses the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to assess aortic regurgitation in a 43-year-old male patient. CMR showed a dilated left ventricle with impaired function, a bicuspid aortic valve, and severe aortic regurgitation based on quantified regurgitant volume and fraction as well as halodiastolic flow reversal in the descending aorta. Guidelines support using CMR when echocardiography is inconclusive or has poor image quality. CMR provides accurate assessment of ventricular volumes, valve structure, aortic dimensions, and regurgitation severity to guide management, in this case recommending the patient for surgery.
A heart coping with a dysfunctional prosthetic valve
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A 67-year-old female presented with syncope and was found to have left ventricular volume overload. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a patent ductus arteriosus causing a left-to-right shunt, elevating pulmonary pressures and resulting in functional mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. While the PDA may have been an incidental finding, it was thought to be the primary cause of left ventricular volume overload. The patient was referred for percutaneous closure of the PDA to treat her symptoms.
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1) The size of calcium transients is steeply dependent on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium content. Even small changes in SR calcium can have large effects on contractility.
2) SR calcium content is tightly controlled by a feedback loop where the systolic calcium transient regulates sarcolemmal calcium fluxes via the L-type calcium channel and sodium-calcium exchanger.
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When to perform Tricuspid valve Surgery?
This document discusses guidelines for performing tricuspid valve surgery. It notes that 30-50% of patients who undergo isolated mitral valve replacement later develop moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation. The document recommends considering combined tricuspid valve surgery during left-sided valve surgery if the tricuspid regurgitation grade is greater than 2/4 or the tricuspid annular diameter is 40mm or larger, in order to prevent late tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular dysfunction. A strategy based on both tricuspid regurgitation grade and annular diameter is associated with better outcomes than one based on regurgitation grade alone.
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A 75-year-old man with a history of HIV, kidney disease, and heart disease was admitted for pacemaker implantation. Initially, only mild tricuspid regurgitation was observed. However, 6 months later, severe right heart failure developed and echocardiography showed severe tricuspid regurgitation. 3D echocardiography revealed that the pacemaker lead was impeding closure of the tricuspid valve, causing iatrogenic functional tricuspid regurgitation. The pacemaker lead was responsible for incomplete coaptation of the tricuspid valve leaflets, a rare but severe complication of pacemaker implantation.
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- It is headquartered at the European Heart House which employs 146 staff members.
- The ESC structure includes 4 Councils, 16 Working Groups, and 6 Associations that work to advance cardiovascular research and reduce disease burden.
- Activities include organizing the annual ESC Congress program, developing clinical practice guidelines, publishing journals and textbooks, providing education and certification, and conducting surveys and registries.
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This document discusses the case of an 84-year-old woman with severe aortic stenosis who needs left colectomy surgery for colon cancer. After evaluating her cardiac condition and risks of the non-cardiac surgery, the team decides to perform the colectomy without prior treatment of the aortic stenosis due to her being asymptomatic and the surgery being of intermediate risk. She undergoes the colectomy with close cardiac monitoring and has an uneventful postoperative recovery. The key lessons are that risk stratification should consider symptoms, surgery indication and risks, and risks of treating aortic stenosis; and intermediate-risk non-cardiac surgery can be done safely in asymptomatic patients with careful anesthesia management.
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was used to assess aortic regurgitation severity in a patient where transthoracic echocardiography findings were inconclusive. CMR revealed a dilated left ventricle with impaired systolic function consistent with severe aortic regurgitation from a bicuspid aortic valve. Quantification of regurgitant volume and fraction from phase contrast imaging supported a diagnosis of severe aortic regurgitation. Due to symptoms, the patient was referred for surgical intervention as recommended by guidelines for management of severe aortic regurgitation.
Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation with Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
This document discusses the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to assess aortic regurgitation in a 43-year-old male patient. CMR showed a dilated left ventricle with impaired function, a bicuspid aortic valve, and severe aortic regurgitation based on quantified regurgitant volume and fraction as well as halodiastolic flow reversal in the descending aorta. Guidelines support using CMR when echocardiography is inconclusive or has poor image quality. CMR provides accurate assessment of ventricular volumes, valve structure, aortic dimensions, and regurgitation severity to guide management, in this case recommending the patient for surgery.
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http://www.escardio.org/communities/Working-Groups/valvular/Pages/welcome.aspx
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This document describes the case of a 51-year-old woman presenting with progressive shortness of breath on exertion for 2 years. Echocardiography revealed features consistent with rheumatic mitral stenosis, including restricted leaflet motion and a mitral valve area of 1.1 cm2 by planimetry and 0.64 cm2 by pressure half-time. Due to favorable clinical factors but unfavorable anatomy, the patient underwent percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PMC), which was successful in increasing her mitral valve area to 1.6 cm2 with only mild residual mitral regurgitation. She was discharged the next day on anticoagulation and maintained improved exercise capacity at 1
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A 38-year-old man was referred for evaluation of dyspnea. Echocardiography revealed severe aortic regurgitation due to prolapse of the right coronary cusp. Transoesophageal echocardiography confirmed moderate to severe left ventricular dilation with mildly impaired systolic function and prolapse of the right coronary cusp causing an eccentric regurgitant jet. The patient underwent aortic valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis due to failure to correct the prolapse with repair.
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2) SR calcium content is tightly controlled by a feedback loop where the systolic calcium transient regulates sarcolemmal calcium fluxes via the L-type calcium channel and sodium-calcium exchanger.
3) Leaky ryanodine receptors (RyRs) can decrease the threshold for spontaneous calcium waves by increasing diastolic calcium levels. Calcium waves produce arrhythmias through delayed afterde
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This document discusses guidelines for performing tricuspid valve surgery. It notes that 30-50% of patients who undergo isolated mitral valve replacement later develop moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation. The document recommends considering combined tricuspid valve surgery during left-sided valve surgery if the tricuspid regurgitation grade is greater than 2/4 or the tricuspid annular diameter is 40mm or larger, in order to prevent late tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular dysfunction. A strategy based on both tricuspid regurgitation grade and annular diameter is associated with better outcomes than one based on regurgitation grade alone.
Unusual Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation
A 75-year-old man with a history of HIV, kidney disease, and heart disease was admitted for pacemaker implantation. Initially, only mild tricuspid regurgitation was observed. However, 6 months later, severe right heart failure developed and echocardiography showed severe tricuspid regurgitation. 3D echocardiography revealed that the pacemaker lead was impeding closure of the tricuspid valve, causing iatrogenic functional tricuspid regurgitation. The pacemaker lead was responsible for incomplete coaptation of the tricuspid valve leaflets, a rare but severe complication of pacemaker implantation.
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An unusual-mitral-regurgitation
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Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf