Performance management involves setting objectives and targets, developing employees, assessing and providing feedback on performance, motivating staff, and addressing underperformance. Objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound. Performance appraisals assess performance using data and focus on preparation, assessment, feedback, reinforcement, and future planning. Addressing underperformance requires following disciplinary and grievance procedures, providing support, and handling misconduct or poor performance.