ppt

PHP (and a little MySQL) for
the Default Library Techie

Lisa Bartle, Reference Librarian
Cal. State University, San Bernardino
LBartle@csusb.edu
909-537-7552
An Infopeople Workshop

PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie Summer 2006 - This material has been created by Lisa Bartle for the Infopeople Project
[infopeople.org], supported by the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services under the provisions of the Library Services and Technology Act,
administered in California by the State Librarian. Any use of this material should credit the author and funding source.

Introductions

•Lab assistant
•Participants
–Name
–Position
–What you hope to do with PHP

PHP (and a Little MySQL) for the Default Library Techie

Assumptions for This Class

1. You know html code (e.g., tables, forms).
2. You understand the basics of databases (e.g., fields,
records, truncation).
3. A little programming experience in any language is
useful for this class but not essential (for example, you
know what a variable is).


Goals for This Class

1. Not to teach everything about PHP, but provide
the basic knowledge for an online database.
2. Explain just the code, not setting up a server.
3. Provide a solid grounding so the books are not
as formidable.


Diagram of Web Applications

Borrowed from MySQL/PHP Database Applications, 2nd ed. by Brad Bulger, Jay Greenspan, and
David Wall.


What is PHP?

A scripting language most suitable for
online database management.


PHP Benefits

• Open source, so it’s free
• Hosting is inexpensive
• PHP can be embedded in html files using .php
file extension
• Easy to learn
• Works powerfully and intimately with MySQL
and the web


PHP More Benefits
•Works well with Apache – also open source
•Parse complex strings
•Communicate with many credit card processing systems
•Communicate with many protocols, including IMAP &
POP3 (email), NNTP (usenet), and DNS (hostnames &
addresses)
•Native database support for over 25 db products including
dBase, FilePro, FrontBase, IBM DB2, Hyperwave, mSQL,
MySQL, Sybase, Unix dbm, Access, and many others
oAccess may be more difficult to connect


Who’s Using PHP?

Go to http://www.php.net/usage.php to
find current usage statistics.
http://www.abc-lit.com


Recommendations
for Text Editors

• EditPlus2 from ES-Computing (free)
• NoteTab Light from Fookes Software (free)
• PHP Designer from MP Software (free)
• Crimson Editor from Ingyu Kang (free)


It All Starts with the Database

The MySQL Connection


What is MySQL?

• A database system often used for web-
accessible databases
• A relational database management system
(RDMS), like Microsoft’s Access, using SQL


MySQL Introduction
• Pronounced “My Ess Que Ell,” according to
the MySQL reference manual.
• Can handle small databases or very large ones
(ex. 50 million records, 60,000 tables and
about 5,000,000,000 rows; maximum table
size is 65536 terabytes, but operating systems
have limitations).

Look at the MySQL reference manual (downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-5.0-en.pdf).


MySQL Benefits
• Open source, so it’s free
• Designed to work intimately with PHP and the web
• Dependable code back to 1980s and fully backward
compatible
• Can operate with a variety of operating systems:
o Unix; FreeBSD; Mac OS X; Solaris; Windows 9x,
Me, NT, 2000, XP, and Server 2003
(Microsoft products are not the best with MySQL)


How Is Your Data Stored?

• Access
• Excel
• Something else


If You Have Data …

• Using Access or Excel you may want to
convert to MySQL using an online converter
• Intelligent Converters has several for-fee
programs at http://www.convert-in.com


If You Don’t Have Data …
• Create a database using MySQL client


More If You Don’t
Have Data …

• Create a database using Access or Excel
• Create a database using phpMyAdmin
o a tool written in PHP for the administration of a
MySQL server over the Web
o often included with the operating system


phpMyAdmin Table Creation


To Maintain Your Data
• Use Access or Excel to update, then convert
to MySQL using a converter


MySQL data
INSERT INTO 'people' VALUES('Joann', 'M',
'Aardappel', "", 'Pine Bluff', 'AR', 'Fontana',
'CA', 'San Bernardino County Sun', '2000-10-09');
INSERT INTO 'people' VALUES('Louie', 'R',
'Aboytes', "", 'Mesa', 'AZ', 'Loma Linda', 'CA',
'San Bernardino County Sun', '2001-01-05');
INSERT INTO 'people' VALUES('Edith', "",
'Abramson', 'Gimble', 'St. Paul', 'MN', 'Redlands',
INSERT INTO 'people' VALUES('Antonia', "",
'Acevedo', 'Bermudez', "", 'Mexico', 'Fontana',


To Maintain Your Data

• Use Access or Excel to update, then convert
to MySQL using a converter
• Use phpMyAdmin to update


phpMyAdmin Data Input


Housekeeping

1. Open Internet Explorer
2. Go to Tools > Internet Options > Advanced
3. Put an X next to: Enable folder view for FTP
sites


Our Project
Go to http://phpclass.infopeople.org/search.html


The PHP Connection


PHP Start and Stop

•PHP code starts <?php

•PPH code ends ?>

example1.php


Comments

• Explain the purpose of the coding
• Help you and others read the code
• Help you when you’ve forgotten what it
all means


Comment Structure

// begin each line inside the PHP code

# begin each line inside the PHP code

/* begin and */ end several lines inside
the PHP code


Comment Examples
<?php
//Purpose: to create a form for patrons’ questions
?>
----------------------------
<?php
###### Show Results to User ######
?>
----------------------------
<?php
/*
Purpose: to create a form for patrons’ questions
Author: Lisa Bartle
Date: Nov. 6, 2006
*/
?>


Exercise 1

Open up Notepad and get to coding!


“Hello_Librarians”:
First PHP Example
<h2>Infopeople PHP class</h2>
Code <?php
print "<p>Hello librarians!";
?>

User Sees

example1.php


PHP and HTML

•HTML can be outside of PHP coding
•HTML can be inside of the code, but must
be inside quotation marks with a print
statement
•PHP statements end in a semi-colon

example1.php


Outputting Data

•Echo -- a language construct or structure for a
single argument.
•Print -- a language construct, which can have
multiple arguments and more complex
expressions.

We will use PRINT in this class.


Echo & Print Example

<?php
Code Echo "Infopeople PHP Presentation";
Print "<P>Hello librarians.";
?>

User Sees

example2.php


What is a Variable?
• A variable is a place to store information.
• Information stored in a variable can be defined
by the programmer.
• Information stored in a
variable can come from a
user using a form.


Variables
• A variable always begins with a $ then the
variable name.
• Variables are case sensitive and alpha-numeric.
• Do not start a variable with a number.
• All the variables below are different.
$book
$amount
$Amount
$AmoUnT
$AMOUNT


Variable Example
<?php
Print "<h2>Infopeople PHP Presentation
</h2><br>";
print "<p>Hello librarians! <br>";
$date="Nov. 6, 2006";
print "Today’s date is $date";
?>

example3.php


Printing Variables

<?php
$date="Nov. 6, 2006";
print "Today’s date is $date";
Print "Today’s date is "; print $date;

?>

example3.php


Date Function

• Use date() to display the date and time
• Can display in multiple ways
Jul. 12, 2006
July 12, 2006
7/12/2006
2006/07/12

example7.php


Date Display
$datedisplay=date("Y/m/d");
print $datedisplay;
# If the date is November 6, 2005
# It would display as 2005/11/06

$showdate=date("l, F j, Y");
print $showdate;
# If the date is November 6, 2005
# It would display as
# Sunday, November 6, 2005

See handout “Displaying the Date Using
example7.php
Date()”


Exercise 2



Profession Example

profession.php


The HTML Connection


Forms

Forms provide an interface for users to
query your database.


Forms HTML
<-- form tag goes before the form objects -->
<form>

[form objects go here]
[radio buttons, pull-down menus, text boxes]

[submit button, cancel button]

</form>


Radio Buttons

<INPUT type="radio" name="sex" value="M"> Male<BR>
<INPUT type="radio" name="sex" value="F">
Female<BR>

Name becomes the variable name.
Value is what the variable is holding.
example9.html


Pull-Down Menus
<p>City of death: <select name="deathcity"
size="1">
<option selected value="">Search all cities in
database</option>
<option value="Fontana">Fontana</option>
<option value="Loma Linda">Loma Linda</option>
<option value="Redlands">Redlands</option>
<option value="San Bernardino">San
Bernardino</option>
<option value="Victorville">Victorville</option>
</select>

Name =variable name.
Value =what variable is holding.
example10.html


Text Boxes

<input TYPE= "text" NAME="anyname" SIZE="20"
MAXLENGTH="40">

Name =variable name.

example11.html


Check Boxes

Libraries should get more<p>
<input TYPE="checkbox" NAME="money"
VALUE="Yes" checked> Money <br>
<input TYPE="checkbox" NAME="respect"
VALUE="Yes"> Respect

Name=variable name
Value=what variable is holding.

example13.html


Submit/Reset Buttons

<input TYPE="submit" NAME="Search"
VALUE="Search it!">
<input TYPE="reset" NAME="Cancel"
VALUE="Clear Form">

example14.html


Form Action

<-- not just form tag, but form action -->

<form action="file,URL,or path" method="post">

[form objects here]

</form>


Operators

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators

See handout “Operators.”


Arithmetic Operators

$a + $b //addition
$a - $b //subtraction
$a * $b //multiplication
$a / $b //division

example6.php


Assignment & Arithmetic
Operators

<?php
$a=15;
$b=30;
$total=$a+$b;
Print $total;
Print "<p><h1> $total </h1>";
//total is 45
?>

example6.php


Comparison Operators
Equal $a == $b

Not Equal $a != $b
$a <> $b

Less Than $a < $b
Less Than or Equal to $a <= $b
Greater Than $a > $b
Greater Than or Equal to $a >= $b

See handout “Operators”


Difference Between = and ==

= Assigns a value to a variable

== Checks the value of a variable

See handout “Operators.”


If … Else
If (condition)
{ If ($user=="Lisa")
Statement; {
Print "Hello Lisa.";
} }
Else Else {
Print "You aren't Lisa.";
{ }
Statement;
}

No THEN in PHP


If (condition) ElseIf
{
Statement; If ($user=="Lisa")
{
} Print "Hello Lisa.";
Elseif (condition) }
Elseif ($user=="Mo")
{
{
Statement; Print "Hello Mo.";
} }
Else
Else {
{ Print "Who are you?";
Statement; }

}


While Loops <?php
$count=0;
While ($count<5)
While (condition) {
{ Print "Hello Lisa.";
$count=$count + 1;
Statement; }
} #Another way to say
#to say that is
#$count++;
?>

example8.php


Profession Example
1. Go to http://phpclass.infopeople.org/lisa/profession.php

profession.php


Questions to Think About

1. What is the first step for this code?

2. What kind of php structures will be necessary?

example15.php


Exercise 3


Top Errors & Messages

1. Missing semi-colon.
2. Misspelled variables and missing $.
3. Incomplete pairs for quotation marks, parentheses, curly
brackets, etc.

See handout
“Common PHP Mistakes and Error
Messages”


Our Sample Database
• This class’s prepared database is called obituaries.
• The file is obituaries.sql.
• It is an index of people’s names who have had
obits listed in the newspaper. It is for patron’s
genealogical research.
• The table called people has our data.
Records: 100
Fields: 11
See handout “Organize Your
Database and Server Information”


Download Search.html to
Your Directory
Go to http://phpclass.infopeople.org/search.html

1. Click View > Source
2. Save the file as search.html
to your desktop.
3. Copy the file from your
desktop into your directory.

You will not need to create the search form
from scratch.


search.php

>>Creates connection to server & database
•Alters input for safety
•Creates SQL query
•Displays the results
>>Close the connection to database


Connect to the Server

Mysql_connect() is the function used to
connect to the server.

mysql_connect("hostaddress", "myusername",
"mypassword") or die ("message");

Die() is a function for an output message and to
terminate the current script.


Mysql_connect() Structure

$connection=mysql_connect("hostaddress",
"myusername", "mypassword") or die
("message");


Mysql_connect() Example
# Create connection to database
# Define variables
$hostaddress="phpclass.phpclass.
infopeople.org";
$myusername="phpclass";
$mypassword="infopeople";
$connection=mysql_connect($hostaddress
, $myusername, $mypassword) or die
("Can’t connect to server.");


Close Connection

Mysql_close() is the function to close the
connection to the server.

mysql_close($connection);


Connect to the Database

Mysql_select_db() is the function to select your
MySQL database.

mysql_select_db("database") or die ("Message");


Mysql_select_db()

#$database="obituaries";
#$tablename="people";
$result=mysql_select_db($database)
or die("Database could not be
selected");


Alter Input for Safety

• Creates connection to database
>>Alters input for safety
• Creates SQL query
• Displays the results
• Close the connection to database


Trim(), Strip_tags(),
Strtolower()
• Trim removes whitespace at the beginning and end of a string.
• Strip_tags tries to remove PHP & HTML tags from a string.
• Strtolower converts alpha characters to lowercase.

$anyname=trim($anyname);
$anyname=strip_tags($anyname);
$anyname=strtolower($anyname);

search.php


Exercise 4



Create SQL Query

• Alters input for safety
>>Creates SQL query


Concatenation
“A union by chaining or linking together.” Use a
period to link together strings.
<?php
$string1="Hello";
$string2="Librarians";
$string3=$string1." ".$string2;
Print $string3;
print "<p>";
Print $string1." ".$string2;
?>

example5.php


Escaping the Character

If the string has a set
of double quotation
marks that must
remain visible, use
the [backslash] <?php
before the quotation $heading=""Lisa's
Books"";
marks so PHP does
Print $heading;
not act on them and ?>
only displays them.
example16.php


The SQL Connection


What is SQL?

• Structured Query Language
• A database access language standard
• All SQL-capable databases support a
common subset of SQL
o Access, MySQL, some Oracle databases, etc.


SQL Select Query Template

SELECT [field],[field] from [table] WHERE
[field] [operator] [parameter or input]
ORDER BY [field] [ASC or DESC];


SQL Query Examples
Database: obituaries
Table: people
Fields: lastname, firstname, middlename,
maidenname, newsdate, newsyear

•SELECT lastname, firstname from people where newsyear
> 2000;
> 2000 and newsyear < 2003;
BETWEEN 2000 and 2003;

Numbers do not need quotation marks in


SQL Query Examples
Database: obituaries
Table: people
Fields: lastname, firstname, middlename,
maidenname, newsdate, newsyear

•SELECT * from people where lastname = "Jones";
•SELECT * from people where lastname LIKE "Jones%";
•SELECT * from people where lastname LIKE "%Jones";
•SELECT * from people where lastname LIKE "%Jones%"
ORDER BY lastname ASC, firstname ASC;

Text needs quotation marks in
SQL.


PHP & SQL in the Query

SELECT * from people where
lastname LIKE "%Jones%" ORDER BY
lastname ASC;

$query="SELECT * from people
where lastname LIKE "%Jones%"
ORDER BY lastname ASC";


Variables in the PHP/SQL
Query
$query="SELECT * from people
where lastname LIKE "%Jones%"

$query="SELECT * from "
.$tablename. " where lastname
LIKE "%" .$anyname. "%" ORDER
BY lastname ASC";


Match Against In Boolean Mode
$query="SELECT * from " .$tablename. "
WHERE MATCH(firstname, middlename,
lastname, maidenname) AGAINST
('$anyname' IN BOOLEAN MODE) AND
newsyear>= " .$newsyear1. " AND
newsyear<=" .$newsyear2. " ORDER BY
lastname ASC";
Red=PHP
Purple=SQL


SQL Troubleshooting Tips
Build the SQL statement slowly, piece by piece.

# Keep what is working and comment it out so
# that you can start from success when you
# need to start over.
# $query="SELECT * from ".$tablename;
# This works
$query="SELECT * from ".$tablename;
Print the query so you can tell where it is breaking down.
Print $query;


SQL Query

If ($deathcity=="") {$deathcityquery=" ";}
else {$deathcityquery=" and
deathcity="".$deathcity.""";}


More SQL Query
If ($anyname=="")
{
$query="SELECT * from " . $tablename. " WHERE
newsyear >=".$newsyear1." AND
newsyear<=".$newsyear2.$deathcityquery."
}
else
{
$query="SELECT * from " . $tablename. " WHERE
match(firstname, middlename, lastname,
maidenname) against ('$anyname' in boolean
mode) and newsyear >=".$newsyear1." AND
newsyear<=".$newsyear2.$deathcityquery."
• }


Download sql_query.php

Sql_query.php is available in the main directory
of the ftp server.

• Copy the file to your desktop.
• Open it.
• Copy the query and place it under the header
Create SQL Query.


True Boolean Queries

We have a textbox, $anyname, in our obituary
search form. We want it to be Boolean searchable.
Such as:

(peek or byrd) and (mary or ellen)

How do we do
it?


Alter the Input for SQL

Think of our old AltaVista searches:

+alice –wonderland +columbia

We need to use PHP to substitute the AND, OR,
NOT that the users input so that SQL can
understand it.


Create Boolean String

# Insert an initial plus-sign so
# the first term or phrase is
# included as a mandatory.
$addplus="+";
$anyname=$addplus.$anyname;


Replacing Strings

Use str_replace() to replace one string with
another.

$string= str_replace("find this", "replace with
this", $in_ this_string);


str_replace() AND

# Replace all the AND's with +'s,
# so that SQL’s fulltext indexing
# can understand it.
# The spacing is important here.
$anyname=str_replace(" and ", " +",
$anyname);


str_replace() OR

# OR is assumed, so just pull
# those out.
$anyname =str_replace(" or ", " ",
$anyname);


str_replace() NOT
# look for NOTs
$anyname=str_replace(" not ", " -",
$anyname);
# Some people may put AND NOT. Since
# we already replaced the ANDs and
# ORs, this may look strange.

$anyname=str_replace(" +not ", " -",
$anyname);


Mysql_query()

Where $query is the constructed SQL query:

mysql_query($query) or die(“Message.");

$result=mysql_query($query) or
die("Couldn’t execute query.");


Exercise 5



search.php

>>Displays the results


What is an Array?

An array is a variable
that holds many
different variables in
it.

“An array of books.”


$result is an Array

where the results are stored.

$result=mysql_query($query) or
die("Couldn’t execute query.");


Mysql_fetch_array()
Use mysql_fetch_array() to gather the
waiting query results row by row, then
display them.

$counter=0;
while
($rows=mysql_fetch_array($result))
# displaying data from results
{
Display row after row here with html.
}


Mysql_num_rows()

Use mysql_num_rows to get the number of matching
results. $Numrows is the number of rows, or records,
in the result of the query.

$numrows=mysql_num_rows($result);


Plan the Display
Write out how you want it to
look!
There are X result(s) in your search.

1. lastname (maidenname), firstname middlename
Born: birthcity, birthstate
Died: deathcity, deathstate
Obituary: <i>newspaper</i> newsdate, newsyear


Display Results to User

$counter=0;
$numrows=mysql_num_rows($result);
Print "There are $numrows result(s) in
your search.<p>"


Display Results to User

while ($rows=mysql_fetch_array($result))
# filling-in data from results
{
$counter=$counter+1;
Print $counter.". ".$rows["lastname"]. " (" . $rows["maidenname"]
."), " . $rows["firstname"] ." " . $rows["middlename"]."<br>";
}

Red is HTML and the quotation marks surrounding it.


Review of PHP


search.php

>>Close the connection to database


Close Connection

Mysql_close is the function to close the
connection to the server.

mysql_close($connection);


Exercise 6



Include Files & Require Files

Include and require insert files (sensitive or oft-repeated code
stored in files) into the current code. This will prove useful and
protective once you connect to a database, as well as for other
repeated functions.

Include "/path/to/filename.html";

include ("footer.txt");

require ("start.inc");

example17.inc


Include Files & Require Files
The file start.inc might look like:
<?php

$hostaddress="phpclass.phpclass.infopeople.org";
$username="phpclass";
$password="infopeople";
$database="obituaries";
$tablename="people";

?>

example17.inc


Include File Placement
### Define Connection Variables ###
Require ("start.inc");

### Connect to Serve & Database ###
$connection=mysql_connect($hostaddre
ss, $myusername, $mypassword) or die
("Can’t connect to server.");


PHP Covered
date() print
die() require()
echo str_replace()
elseif strip_tags
if … else strtolower()
include() trim()
mysql_close() while
mysql_connect() #
mysql_fetch_array() //
mysql_num_rows() /* & */
mysql_query() .
19 down,
mysql_select_db()
4592 to go!


Evaluation Time

Please go to
infopeople.org/wseval.html
and complete the evaluation.

Thank you!

ppt

More Related Content

Viewers also liked

Similar to ppt

More from webhostingguy

ppt