This document discusses the concept of power in politics. It defines power as the ability to influence or control others to accomplish goals. Power can be exercised through physical, informational, or emotional means. Power derives from organizational positions and individual characteristics. The purpose of power is influence, but it must be balanced with authority and responsibility to avoid negative consequences of misuse like damaging effects on people. Maintaining power requires understanding its sources and symbols within political and social structures.
*Meaning and Nature of Power
*Dimensions of Power
*Types of Power
Reference: MUTYA Publishing House Inc.
PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE for SHS
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*Meaning and Nature of Power
*Dimensions of Power
*Types of Power
Reference: MUTYA Publishing House Inc.
PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE for SHS
** Disclaimer:
All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of the respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim..
1. Describe forms of power originating from
position, personal characteristics, and
situational forces.
2. Differentiate among moral, immoral, and
amoral modes of handling power.
3. Describe the differences among four forms of
political manipulation: persuasion, inducement,
obligation, and coercion.
Power and Politics Presentation
1 - Organizational Behavior Michael Hitt
https://www.amazon.com/Organizational-Behavior-Michael-Hitt/dp/1118809068
2 - Organizational Behavior Mary Von Glinow
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Organizational-Behavior-Mary-Von-Glinow/dp/0077862589
Running Head SOURCES OF POWER AND INFLUENCE1SOURCES O.docxagnesdcarey33086
Running Head: SOURCES OF POWER AND INFLUENCE
1
SOURCES OF POWER AND INFLUENCE
3
Sources of Power and Influence
Name
College
Course
Tutor
Date
Description of where the sources of power and influence exist in the organization
Influence is the capability to have an effect on development, character and behavior of somebody or something. Power is the ability to control people or an area (Bacon, 2011). In the organization, the sources of power and influence exist in a person’s position and in the expertise of an individual. With the two sources, an individual is able to control and influence the rest to perform effectively. In any organization, the sources of power and influence are necessary to affect the characters of the staff so as to make them suitable for the achievement of the organizational goal.
The positional power of an individual in an organization is the influence as a result of the position that the individual holds in the organization. The individual in a managerial position may be able to effectively influence the rest of the organization’s staff towards the organizational goal. Organizations find it beneficial to give individuals power to perform certain jobs. That is because the power can enable the other individuals and the entire organization to perform efficiently.
The positional powers may be categorized as legitimate, reward and coercive powers. Legitimate power is the positional power derived from a person’s position in an organization. Managers of organizations are the individual who poses legitimate powers. Their managerial position in the organization grant the legitimate right to poses the power, as per the companies’ constitution. They have the power to carry out the specified duties and responsibilities in the organization.
Reward power is a positional power which is based on the individual’s ability to reward the rest of the organizations staff for their desired behavior (Bacon, 2011). Most organizational managers have this kind of power since they are responsible of controlling most rewards. They are mainly responsible for pay increases, promotions, recognition rewards and status symbols. Coercive power is a positional reward which is based on an individual’s ability to prevent the rest of the staff from receiving desirable reward. It is the opposite of reward power since it is the power to punish those who do not achieve the desirable behavior.
Personal powers are a source of power and influence such as expert powers, referent powers, connection power and information power which is got from an individual’s capability. Expert power is possessed by an individual who has knowledge which is valued in the organization. Referent power is possessed by an individual who causes the others to admire and emulate him or her. Examples of individuals with such a power in an organization are charismatic leaders. The leaders are visionary and exhibit great confidence to the rest of the staff in the or.
1. Describe forms of power originating from
position, personal characteristics, and
situational forces.
2. Differentiate among moral, immoral, and
amoral modes of handling power.
3. Describe the differences among four forms of
political manipulation: persuasion, inducement,
obligation, and coercion.
Power and Politics Presentation
1 - Organizational Behavior Michael Hitt
https://www.amazon.com/Organizational-Behavior-Michael-Hitt/dp/1118809068
2 - Organizational Behavior Mary Von Glinow
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Organizational-Behavior-Mary-Von-Glinow/dp/0077862589
Running Head SOURCES OF POWER AND INFLUENCE1SOURCES O.docxagnesdcarey33086
Running Head: SOURCES OF POWER AND INFLUENCE
1
SOURCES OF POWER AND INFLUENCE
3
Sources of Power and Influence
Name
College
Course
Tutor
Date
Description of where the sources of power and influence exist in the organization
Influence is the capability to have an effect on development, character and behavior of somebody or something. Power is the ability to control people or an area (Bacon, 2011). In the organization, the sources of power and influence exist in a person’s position and in the expertise of an individual. With the two sources, an individual is able to control and influence the rest to perform effectively. In any organization, the sources of power and influence are necessary to affect the characters of the staff so as to make them suitable for the achievement of the organizational goal.
The positional power of an individual in an organization is the influence as a result of the position that the individual holds in the organization. The individual in a managerial position may be able to effectively influence the rest of the organization’s staff towards the organizational goal. Organizations find it beneficial to give individuals power to perform certain jobs. That is because the power can enable the other individuals and the entire organization to perform efficiently.
The positional powers may be categorized as legitimate, reward and coercive powers. Legitimate power is the positional power derived from a person’s position in an organization. Managers of organizations are the individual who poses legitimate powers. Their managerial position in the organization grant the legitimate right to poses the power, as per the companies’ constitution. They have the power to carry out the specified duties and responsibilities in the organization.
Reward power is a positional power which is based on the individual’s ability to reward the rest of the organizations staff for their desired behavior (Bacon, 2011). Most organizational managers have this kind of power since they are responsible of controlling most rewards. They are mainly responsible for pay increases, promotions, recognition rewards and status symbols. Coercive power is a positional reward which is based on an individual’s ability to prevent the rest of the staff from receiving desirable reward. It is the opposite of reward power since it is the power to punish those who do not achieve the desirable behavior.
Personal powers are a source of power and influence such as expert powers, referent powers, connection power and information power which is got from an individual’s capability. Expert power is possessed by an individual who has knowledge which is valued in the organization. Referent power is possessed by an individual who causes the others to admire and emulate him or her. Examples of individuals with such a power in an organization are charismatic leaders. The leaders are visionary and exhibit great confidence to the rest of the staff in the or.
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Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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5. POLITICS ALWAYS INVOLVES
THE EXERCISE OF POWER BY
ONE PERSON OR PERSONS
TO ANOTHER PERSON OR
PERSONS (SHIVELY, 2012)
6. • POWER IS THE ABILITY TO GET
SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING HE/SHE
WANTS TO ACCOMPLISH THUS MAKING
THINGS HAPPEN IN THE WAY HE/SHE
WANTS. IN HAVING SUCH ABILITY,
ALONG WITH THE EXERCISE OF POWER
IS AN INFLUENCE.
8. IN ORDER TO INFLUENCE A PERSON THERE MUST AN
AUTHORITY WHICH IS THE RIGHT TO CHANGE
ANOTHER PERSON.
9. POWER IS A WELL
PRIME INGREDIENT
OF POLITICS
(ROSKIN
ET.AL.,2012).
10. THREE DIMENSIONS OF
POWER:
THE CHANNELS OF POWER
ARE THE WAY IN WHICH
POWER IS ENACTED. THEY
CAN PERHAPS MORE
READILY BE REMEMBERED
AS 'HEAD, HANDS AND
HEART'.
13. 1. ORGANIZATIONAL POWER IS A POWER DERIVED
FROM A PERSON’S POSITION IN AN ORGANIZATION
AND FROM CONTROL OVER VALUABLE RESOURCES
AFFORDED BY THAT POSITION.
14. REWARD POWER.
It is the extent to which a
leader can use extrinsic
and intrinsic rewards to
control the influence
other people.
15. COERCIVE POWER.
It is the degree to which a
leader can deny desired
rewards or administer
punishments to control
other people and let them
follow his wants
16. LEGITIMATE POWER.
It is the extent to a leader can use
subordinates ‘ internalized values
or beliefs that the boss has a right
of command to control his
subordinates’ behavior. That id
legitimacy is lost, authority will not
be accepted by subordinates. It is
otherwise known as formal
hierarchical authority.
17. INFORMATION
POWER.
The leader has the access to
and control of information.This
complements legitimate
hierarchical power.This could
be granted to specialists and
managers in the middle of the
information system. The
people may protest
information in order to
increase their power,
18. PROCESS POWER.
The leader has full control over the
methods of production and
analysis. Thereby, placing an
individual in the position of
influencing how inputs are
transformed int outputs as well
as managing the analytical
process used to make choices.
19. REPRESENTATIVE
POWER.
The legal right conferred to
speak by the firm as a
representative of a potentially
significant group composed of
individuals from departments
or outside the firm. Helps
complex organizations deal
with a variety of constituents.
20. 2. INDIVIDUAL POWER OR
PERSONAL POWER IS A POWER
DERIVED FROM PERSONAL
CHARACTERISTICS THAT ARE OF
VALUE TO THE ORGANIZATION.
21. EXPERT POWER
The ability to control another
person’s behavior through the
possession of knowledge ,
experience, or judgement that
the other person needs but not
have.
Is relative, not absolute.
22. RATIONAL PERSUASION
The ability to control
another person’s behavior by
convincing the ther person of
a desirability of a goal and a
reasonable way of achieving
it.
Much of a supervisor’s
daily activity involves
23. REFERENT POWER
The ability to control another
behavior because the persons
wants to identify with the
power source.
Can be enhanced by
linking to morality and ethics
and long term vision.
25. A. KANTER’S SYMBOLS OF
POWER
The primary characteristic
of Kanter’s seven
symbols of power is that
they provide an ability to
aid or assist another
person. .Her symbols are
active and other-directed.
26. 1. ABILITY TO INTERCEDE FOR SOMEONE IN
TROUBLE.
2. ABILITY TO GET PLACEMENTS FOR FAVORED
EMPLOYEES
3. EXCEEDING BUDGET LIMITATIONS
4. PROCURING ABOVE-AVERAGE RAISES FOR
EMPLOYEES
5. GETTING ITEMS ON THE AGENDA AT MEETINGS
6. ACCESS TO RECENT INFORMATION
7. HAVING TOP MANAGERS SEEK OUT ONE’S
PROGRAM
27. B. KANTER’S SYMBOLS OF POWERLESSNESS
Powerlessness is a lack
of power, which may
have different
symptoms in managers
at various levels of the
organization.
28. C. KARDA’S SYMBOLS OF POWER
Korda’s symbol of
power are easy to
determine, and they
include office
furnishings, time
power and standing
by.
29. WAYS TO EXPAND POWER (SHERMERHORN, 2003)
Clearly define roles and responsibilities
Provide opportunities for creative
problem solving coupled with the
discretion to act.
Emphasize different ways of exercising
influence
Provide support to individuals to
theybecome comfortable with
developing their power.
30. TWO FACES OF POWER
Mccelland takes a stand for the use of
authority in a right or wrong fashion.
Personal power is use for personal
gain and involves the in a win lose
approach.
Social control involves the use of power
to create motivation or to accomplish
group goals.
32. CHARISMATIC
AUTHORITY
It is an influence possessed by
person by virtue of their personal
magnetism. They have the
capacity to gain respect and even
adulation to the point of moving
followers to make great sacrifices.
It flows not from the legal basis of
one’s power but an individual.
33. RATIONAL
-LEGAL AUTHORITY.
It is a leadership based
on established law.
People obey the leader
or executive because
they accept his or her
power under the law.
34. TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY.
The leadership is based on
from the culture that is
people often give
allegiance to the one who
occupy the institutional
positions.
35. COERCIVE AUTHORITY.
The power to use
force such as
police or military
force to demand
obedience from
the subordinate.
36. RECOGNIZE WHAT TYPE AND DIMENSION OF POWER
Supreme Student
Government
Teacher
Bato dela Rosa
Rodrigo Duterte
37.
38. • HOW DOES THE OVERUSE AND
MISUSE OF POWER AFFECTS TO THE
PEOPLE?
• WHAT DO YOU THINK ARE THE
CONSEQUENCES OF OVERUSE AND
MISUSE OF POWER?