2. Is a helping relationship which includes
1. someone seeking help
2. someone willing to help
3. who is capable to help or trained to help
4. in a setting which permits that help can
be given and received.
( Hackney and Nye)
3. Helping the individual become aware of
himself and the ways in which he is reacting
to the behavioural influences of his
environment that will further help him
establish some personal meaning for his
behaviour and clarify his set of goals and
values for future behaviours. ( Donald
Blocker)
4. Is a goal oriented relationship between a
professionally trained, competent counselor
and an individual seeking help for the
purpose of bringing about a meaningful
awareness and understanding of the self, and
environment, improving planning and
decision –making and formulating new ways
of behaving, feeling and thinking for problem
resolution and / or development , growth. (
Hoffman and Spelte, 1984)
5. Counseling is NOT an
activity where one
expert analyzes the
client.
Rather, it is an activity
where counselor and
client work as a team
to make positive
changes in the client's
approach to life
6. Counseling is NOT a
crutch for weak
people. Rather, it is a
vehicle for strong people
who decide to face their
challenges directly rather
than continue in the
more frightened and
“escape”-oriented ways
that others use to deal
with difficulties.
12. Congruence with Emotions and (Appropriate )
Body Language
Pleasant Disposition
( emotionally stable)
Skilled/ Trained
13. Acceptance – “ uhuh”, I see, - this can be
non –verbal to show that the counselor is
with the client.
Restatement - “ You want to...” This is
exact repetition of important client
responses.
14. Clarification – “ This is what I hear you saying....
Am I right?” i t can be paraphrasing too.
Summarization – “ So far, these are the things you
have said.....” This is the summary of your
discussions.
15. General Leads - “ Would you like to explain that
further.....?” This is an invitation to say more.
Reassurance “ So far you are doing well...” This is
confined to the thoughts/ acts that are safe.
16. Interpretation - “ You feel.... Because.... “ This is
similar to emphathic communication.
Supposition - “ Supposing you did..... What would
happen?” This is a light suggestion being explored.
17. Facilitation – “ The course of action you are
thinking of requires......” This is giving information
not advice to explain what something means or
requires.
Interpellation – “How long has this problem
existed?” How often does this happen? To what
extent to which it affects.... ?” This is to establish
the frequency, intensity and duration of the
problem.
18. Rejection - “ What are you saying seems to be
unsupported by this...”
This is a rejection of a claim made, based on
tangible evidences.
20. SHOVLER
S: Face the other Squarely
H: Head nods
O: Adopt an Open
Posture
V: Verbal Following
L: Lean toward the other
E: Make Eye Contact
R: Be Relatively Relaxed
29. Keep confidential matter to oneself
Don’t be time-conscious
Don’t influence the counselee to your way of
thinking and reason
Know your limitation
Avoid physical contact